NrhjplKk; mwptpaYk; 

mz;lk; kw;Wk; QhapW kz;lyj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

,e;j  mz;lk; (Universe) fhyk; (Time) ntsp (Space) vd;w ,uz;bYk; cs;s xsp> gUg;nghUs;> Mw;wy; ,tw;why; MdJ.    

ghy; tPjp (Milky Way) vd;W miof;fg;gLk; mz;lj;jpy; vkJ ghy; ntsp kz;lyj;ijg; Nghy; 10>000 - 20>000 Nfhb ghy;kz;lyq;fs; cs;sd. xt;nthU ghy;kz;lyj;jpYk; 50>000 Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjpy; vkJ ghy;kz;lyj;jpy; (Galaxy) fhzg;gLk; 100 – 10>000 Nfhb tpz;kPd;fspy; (stars) vkJ QhapWk; xd;whFk;. xU xsp Mz;L vd;gJ xsp xU tpehbapy; 300>000 fpkP my;yJ 186>000 iky; Ntfj;jpy; xU Mz;L gazpf;Fk; njhiythFk;. 

vkJ QhapW> ghy;kz;lyj;jpd; eLtpy; ,Ue;J 30>000 xsp Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; xU Xuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. Gtpapy; ,Ue;J QhapW 93 kpy;ypad;  (9.3 Nfhb) fy; njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,Ue;Jk; mJ mLj;j fpl;lb tpz;kPNdhL xg;gpLk;NghJ 270>000 klq;F mzpj;jhf cs;sJ.  

,e;j mz;lk; 1>500 Nfhb (15 gpy;ypad;) Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH mlHj;jpahd jput tbtpy; ,Ue;jJ vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. mg;NghJ ePupak; kw;Wk; fPypaj;ijtpl Ntnwhd;Wk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. tpz;kPd;fNsh Nfhs;fNsh ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mz;lj;jpd; mfit gj;Jf; Nfhb Mz;L ,Uf;Fk;NghJ tpz;kPd;fs; ePupaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wp ,Uf;fyhk;. 

,g;gbj;jhd; vkJ QhapW tpz;kPd; 450 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd; Njhd;wp ,Uf;fyhk;. QhapW Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk; gy tpz; kPd;fs; Njhd;wpd.  

Njhuhakhf 1500 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH ngU ntbg;G (Big Bank) epfo;e;jJ. mjd; tpisthf mz;lk; gilf;fg;gl;lJ.  mjd; gpwg;G tpz;ntsp kw;Wk; fhyk; (Space and Time)  kw;Wk; jplg;nghUs; (matter) Mw;wy; (energy) cUthdJ.

mz;lk; gpwe;J xU ,yl;rj;jpy; xU tpdhbapy; mz;lk; tpupaj; njhlq;fpaJ. mjd; nrwpTk; ntg;gKk;  Fiwaj; njhlq;fpaJ. <Hg;G tpir Njhd;wpaJ. jplg;nghUs; Njhd;wpaJ. mZf;fs; Njhd;wpaJ. mg;NghJ mz;lj;jpd; msT xU G+rzpf; fhapd; gUke;jhd;. FthHf;]; (Quarks) xUq;fpizj;J GNwhnjhd;]; (Protons) kw;Wk; epA+l;nwhd;]; (Nuetrons)  Mf khwpaJ. vy;yh mZf;fspd; fU GNwhl;ld;]; kw;Wk; epA+l;wd;]; My; MdJ.

ngU ntbg;Gf;Fg; gpd;dH 10>000 Mz;Lfs; fope;J fjpupaf;f fhyfl;lk; njhlq;fpaJ. NgusT Mw;wy; xsp> vf]; Nw> thndhyp miyfs; kw;Wk; Cjhg;G+ miyfs; Mf ,Ue;jJ. mz;lk; tpupe;j NghJ ,e;jf; fjpH miyfSk; tpupe;Jk; nrwpT Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gl;ld.ngU ntbg;Gf;F 300>000 Mz;Lfs; fope;J jplg;nghUspd; fhyfl;lk; njhlq;fpaJ. ruhrup ntg;gk; 5>000 ghifahf ,Ue;jJ. jplg;nghUspy; ,Ue;j Mw;wYk; fjpupy; ,Ue;j Mw;wYk; rup rkkhf ,Ue;jd.

ngUntbg;Gf;Fg; gpd;dH 300>000 Mz;Lfs; fopj;J el;rj;jpuq;fSk; el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fSk; Njhd;wpd

500 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH vkJ QhapW kz;lyk; cUthdJ. QhapW ehk; ghy; ntsp kz;lyk; vd miof;Fk; el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jpd; thA Kfpy;fspdhy; cUthdJ.

380 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH capupdk; Njhd;wpaJ. cyfk; FspHe;J tsp (fhw;W) kz;lyk; cUthdJ. Ez;zpa fyq;fs; Njhd;wpd. mit jhtukhfNth tpyqfhfNth ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

700>000>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tpyq;Ffs; Njhd;wpd. ngUk;;ghYk; jl;ilahd GOf;fs;> n[yp kPd;tif kw;Wk; rhjhis Njhd;wpd.   

vkJ QhapW FLk;gk; (Solar System) QhapW> Nfhs;fs;> rpWNfhs;fs;> epyhf;fs;> thy;nts;spfs;> tpz;fw;fs; (meteroids) kw;Wk; ghiwfs;> thAf;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Qhapiwj; njhiy mbg;gilapy; Rw;wptUk; Nfhs;fs; Gjd;> nts;sp> Gtp (G+kp) nrt;tha;> tpahod;> rdp> ANwdpa];> neg;jpA+d;> GSl;Nlh (Fs;sf; Nfhs;) vd;gd. 

nrt;tha;f;Fk; tpahoDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ghiw kw;Wk; cNyhfj;jpdhy; Md rpW Nfhs;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it midj;Jk; Qhapiw fpl;lj;jl;l xU tl;l tbtpy; rkhe;jpu kl;lj;jpy; Rw;wptUfpd;wd.  

Gjd;> nts;sp> Gtp> nrt;tha; Nfhs;fs; ghiwfspdhy; Mdit. ,twpy; Gtpf;F kl;Lk; epyh vd;Dk; Jizf; Nfhs; ,Uf;fpwJ.  

tpahod;> rdp> ANwdpa];> kw;Wk; GSl;Nlh thAtpdhy; Mdit. ,tw;Wf;F gy Jiz epyhf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,it mlHj;jpapy; Fiwe;jit. rdpf; Nfhis jz;zPupy; kpjf;ftpl;lhy; mJ mjpy; %o;fptpLk;. 

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; xU Foe;ijapd; rhjfj;ijf; fzpf;Fk; NghJ ehk; thOk; Gtp> ANwdpa];> neg;jpA+d;> GSl;Nlh Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpy; vLg;gjpy;iy. fhuzk; Gtp xU Nfhs; vd;gJ NrhjplHfSf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ANwdpa];> neg;jpA+d;> GSl;Nlh Mfpa Nfhs;fs; ntF njhiytpy; ,Ug;gjhy; mit goq;fhy kdpjHfsJ Cdf; fz;Zf;Fj; njupatpy;iy. up\pfspd; Qhdf; fz;Zf;Fk; njupatpy;iy.

 

 

 

 

 

GtpNahL xg;gpLk; NghJ Vida Nfhs;fspd; gUkd;

QhapE

Gtpiia tpl 109 klq;F ngupJ

Gjd;

Gtpiatpl miuthrp

nts;sp

Gtpia xj;j gUkd;

nrt;tha;

Gtpiatpl miuthrp gUkd;

tpahod;

Gtpiatpl 11 klq;F ngupJ

rdp

Gtpiatpl 9 klq;F ngupJ

A+NuDR;

Gtpiatpl 4 klq;F ngupJ

neg;jpA+d;

Gtpiatpl 4 klq;Ff;F nfhQ;rk; rpwpJ

 


                   ,uhrpfspd; fhyk;> njhiyT> cUtk;

,uhrp

jpfjp

ghif

cUtk;

Nklk;

Vg;upy; 19 - Nk 13

25

ML

,lgk;

Nk 14 -   A+d; 19

37

vUJ

kpJdk;

a+d; 20  - A+iy20

31

Mz;-ngz;

flfk;

A+iy 21 - Mf];l; 09

20

ez;L

rpk;kk;

Mf];l;10 - nrg;njk;gH 15

37

rpq;fk;

fd;dp

nrg;njk;gH16 -xf;NjhgH 30

45

ngz;

Jyhk;

xf;NjhgH31-nehntk;gH 22

23

juhR

tpUr;rpfk;

nehntk;gH23 - nehntk;gH  29

07

Njs;

ghk;ghl;b

nehntk;gH 30  -  bnrk;gH 17

18

ghk;ghl;b

jD

bnrk;gH18 - rdtup 18

32

tpy;

kfuk;

rdtup 19 - ngg;utup 15

28

/fly;Fjpiu

Fk;gk;

ngg;utup16 - khHr;R 11

24

Flk;

kPdk;

khHr;R 12 -  Vg;upy; 18

38

,ul;il kPd;

   

xU ehs; vd;gJ xU Nfhs; jdJ mr;rpy; jd;idj;jhNd Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhykhFk;. Nfhs;fs; ntt;NtW Ntfj;jpy; jq;fisj; jhq;fNs Rw;Wfpd;wd. Gtpapy; 24 kzpj;jpahyk;  nfhz;lJ xU ehs;. Vida Nfhs;fspd; ehs;fis ,e;j tiuglk; fhl;LfpwJ. nts;spapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Gtpapd; 243 ehs;fSf;F rkkhdJ. ,J mjd; Mz;iltpl (224.7 ehs;fs;) ePskhdJ. mNj rkak; tpahod; jd;idj;jhNd tpiuthfr; Rw;Wtjhy; mjd; ehs; 9.8 kzpfNs!  

nts;spapy xU ehs; Gtpapd; 243 ehs;fSf;F rkkhdJ. fhuzk; Gjd; mjd; mr;rpy; jd;idj;jhNd ,lkpUe;J tyhkhfr; Rw;Wk; Ntfk; kzpf;F 1>600 iky;. cz;ikapy; mjd; xU ehs; xU Mz;iltpl mjpfkhdJ. mjd; Mz;L 224.7 ehs;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Fiwe;j ehisf; nfhz;l Nfhs; tpahod; MFk;. mjd; xU ehs; Gtpapd; 9.8 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F rkkhdJ.


Nfhs;fs; jq;fsJ ghijapy; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; Ntfj;ij ,e;j tiuglk; fhl;LfpwJ.
 

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; Nfhs;fs; Gtpiar; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghl;il mup];Njhl;ly;> njhykp Nghd;wtHfs; Kd;itj;jhHfs;. Mdhy ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghL jtwhdJ vd;gij Kjd; Kjypy; epWtpatH NfhngHdpf;f]; vd;w thdpayhsH MthH. mtH Nfhs;fs; Gtpia my;y Gtp cl;gl vy;yhf; Nfhs;fSk; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUfpd;wd vd;gij vz;gpj;jhH. Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghL gpio vd;gjhy; mjd; ek;gfj;jd;ik rpije;Jtpl;lJ. mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghL gpio vd;gjhy; mjd; KbTfSk; gpio vd;gJ nts;splkiy.  

jpiuapy; ePq;fs; mup];Njhl;ly; mtHfspd; Gtp ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;by; Nfhs;fspd; ,Uf;iffisAk; NfhngHdpf;f]; mtHfspd; QhapW ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;by; Nfhs;fspd; ,Uf;iffisAk; fhzyhk;. Kd;djpy; Gtp eLtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. gpd;djpy; Gtp Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J %d;whtJ ,lj;jpy; - nrt;tha; NfhSf;Fk; nts;spf; NfhSf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

                                                  mup];Njhl;lypd; mz;lk;

 

                                  

 

             Copernican  Heliocentric Universe

                            NfhngHdpf;fd; QhapW ika mz;lk; 

 

 

ntg;];lupd; Mq;fpy mfuhjp Nrhjplk; xU Nghyp mwptpay; (pseudo-science) vdr; nrhy;fpwJ. mjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW.  

NrhjplHfSf;F Gtp xU Nfhs; vd;gNjh mJ Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gNjh njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. epyh Gtpapd; Jizf; Nfhs; mJ Gtpiar; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gJk; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.  

rhjff; fzpg;gpy; Gtp Kw;whf tpLgl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. Mdhy; Nrhjplk; mjd; Jizf; Nfhshd epyhTf;F Kf;fpa ,lj;ijf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.  

NrhjplHfSf;F Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if gw;wpNah mit vt;tsT njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wpNah njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

A+Nwdpa];> neg;jpA+d;> GSl;Nlh gw;wp mtHfs; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Nfhs;fs; kdpjHfspd; tho;f;ifiaj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd;gJ cz;ikahdhy; ,e;jf; Nfhs;fSk; rhjff; fzpg;gpy; NrHf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;ag;gltpy;iy. 

nkhj;j Nfhs;fs; vj;jid vd;gjpYk; NrhjplHfsplk; fUj;J xw;Wik ,y;iy. 

Nfhs;fisAk; ,uhrpfisAk; Mz; - ngz - myp;> el;G – gif> cr;rk; - ePr;rk; - rkk;> gpuhkzH> rj;jpupaH> itrpfH> #j;jpuH> ePH> neUg;G> vdg; gpupg;gjw;F ve;j mwptpay; mbg;gilAk; ,y;iy. kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; ,g;gbg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf xw;iw vz; ,uhrpfs; Mz; vd;Wk; ,ul;ik vz; ,uhrpfs; ngz; vd;Wk; tpjpf;fl;bd;w gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rhj;jpukhdhYk; rlq;fhdhYk; vq;Fk; tUzNtWghL Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; vOjpatHfshy; jpl;lkpl;Lg; GFj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tUz NtWghNl rhjp NtWghl;Lf;F mbNfhyppaJ. Nfhs;fis tUz mbg;gilapy; tFj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

                                fpufq;fspd; tUzk;

tUzk;

fpufk;

,uhrp

,uhrp vz;

gpuhkzd;

FU> Rf;fpud;

flfk;> tpUr;rpfk;> kPdk;

4> 8> 12

rj;jpupad;

#upad;> nrt;tha;

Nklk;> rpk;kk;> jDR

1> 5> 9

itrpfd;

re;jpud;> Gjd;

,lgk;> fd;dp> kfuk;

2> 6> 10

#j;jpud;

rdp

kpJdk;> Jyhk;> Fk;gk;

3> 7> 11

 

 

 

 

,uhF – NfJ Nfhs;fs; epoy; Nfhs;fs;. rlg;NghUshy; Mdit my;y. thdntspapy; me;jf; Nfhs;fisg; ghHf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; NrhjplHfs; ,e;j epoy; Nfhs;fSf;F rhjff; fzpg;gpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwhHfs;.    

xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ Nfhs;fSk; el;rj;jpuq;fSk; me;jf; Foe;ij kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp mjd; vjpHfhyj;ijj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd;W NrhjplHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; me;jj; jhf;fk; vJ> vjdhy;> vg;gb vd;gij NrhjplHfs; nrhy;y kWf;fpwhHfs;. gUg;nghUs; NghyNt ,aw;ifapy; ehy; tif mbg;gil tpir kl;LNk tpz;ntspapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpd;wd. mitahtd td;tpir (strong nuclear force) kpd;fhe;j tpir (electromagnetic force) nkd; tpir ( weak nuclear force) <Hg;G tpir ( gravitational  force) vd;gdthFk;. ,tw;Wf;F Nkyhf nja;tPf Mw;wy; ,y;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.  

Mjp kdpjd; tpz;zpy; QhapW nry;Yk; ghijia (,uhrp tl;lj;ij) mz;zhe;J ghHj;j NghJ rpy tpz;kPd; njhFjpfs; my;yJ $l;lq;fs; mtdJ fz;fSf;F Nklk; (ML) ,lgk; (vUJ) kpJdk; (Mz; ngz; cUtk;) flfk; (ez;L) rpk;kk; (rpq;fk;) fd;dp (ngz;) Jyhk; ( juhR) tpUr;rpfk; (el;Ltf;fhyp) jDR (tpy;) kfuk; (flw;Fjpiu) Fk;gk; (Flk;) kPdk; (,ul;ilkPd;) Nghd;W fhl;rpaspj;jd. vdNt ,uhrp vd;gJ thd tPjpapy; kdpjd; jd; Cdf; fz;zhy; ghHj;j tpz;kPd; njhFjpfSf;F mtd; nfhLj;j fw;gid cUthFk;. fpNuf;fnkhopapy; Zodiac vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpyq;Ffs; vd;gJ nghUshFk;. tpUr;rpf ,uhrp xU el;Ltf;fhyp tbtpy; fhl;rpmspg;gij ,q;Nf jpiuapy; ghHf;fpwPHfs;. ,e;j ,uhrpf;F el;Ltf;fhyp vd;w ngaH nfhLg;gij kd;dpf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mjd; Fzhjpraq;fis tpUr;rpf ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtHfSf;F khl;Nlw;wp ,Uf;Fk; Kl;lhs;jdj;ij kd;dpf;f KbahJ.

,jdhy;jhd; ,e;jpaHfsJ fz;Zf;F ,lgkhfTk; tpUr;rpfkhfTk; (el;Ltf;fhyp) Njhd;wpa ,uhrpfs; rPdHfsJ fz;Zf;F KiwNa vypahfTk; ghk;ghfTk; Njhd;wpapUf;fpwJ!

,uhrpfs; fw;gid nra;J ghHf;f Kbahj njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mit kdpjHfsJ tho;f;ifiaj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd;gJ cz;ikay;y. mJ mwptpay; mbg;gil ,y;yhj ntWk; CfNk.

                      Qhapwpy;; ,Ue;J ,uhrpfspd; njhiyT

 

,uhrp

Sign

Star

xsp Mz;Lfs;

QhapW

kpJdk;

Gemini  

Pollux

33.7

QhapW

kpJdk;

Gemini  

Castor

51.6

QhapW

,lgk;

Taurus

Aldbaran

65.2

QhapW

rpk;kk;

Leo

Regulus

77.6

QhapW

fd;dp

Virgo

Spica

263

QhapW

,lgk;

Taurus

Pleiades

385

QhapW

tpUr;rpfk;

Scorpius

Antares

604

QhapW

kpUfrPuplk;

Orion

Rigel

777

,uhrpfs; vt;thW el;rj;jpuq;fspd; $l;lNkh mt;thNw 27 el;rj;jpuq;fSk; xd;W njhlf;fk; EhW tiuapyhd vz;zpf;if nfhz;l el;rj;jpuf; $l;lNk.

el;rj;jpuk;;

ghif kzpj;Jspfs;

ghif kzpj;Jspfd;

tbtk;

el;rj;jpuk;

vz;zp;if 

mjpgjp

1 mr;Rtpdp

0-0

13-20

Fjpiu Kfk;

3

NfJ

2 guzp

13-20

26-40

Nahdp

3

nts;sp

3 fhHj;jpif

26-40

40-0

tisT

6

#upad;

4 Nuhfpzp

40-0

53-20

tz;by;

5

re;jud;

5 kpUfrPuplk;

53-20

66-40

khdpd; Kfk;

3

nrt;tha;

6 jpUthjpiu

66-40

80-0

uj;jpdk;

1

uhF

7 GdHG+rk;

80-0

93-20

tPL

4

tpahod;

8 G+rk;

93-20

106-40

mk;G

3

Rdp

9 Mapypak;

106-40

120-0

tl;lk;

5

Gjd;

10 kfk;

120-0

133-20

kid

5

NfJ

11 G+uk;

133-20

146-40

caHe;j ,Uf;if

2

Nts;sp

12 cj;juk;

146-40

160-0

rpwpa njhl;by;

2

#upad;

13 mj;jk;

160-0

173-20

If

1

Re;jpud;

14 rpj;jpiu

173-20

186-40

Kj;J

1

Nrt;tha;

15 Rthjp

186-40

200-0

Gtsk;

1

uhF

16 tprhfk;

200-0

213-2

thrw;gb

4

tpahod;

17 mDgtk;

213-20

226-40

RUf;F

4

rdp

18 Nfl;il

226-40

240-0

tl;lkhd NjhL

4

Gjd;

19 %yk;

240-0

253-20

rpq;fj;jpd; thy;

3

NfJ

20 G+uhlk;

253-20

266-40

ahidapd; Jk;gpf;if

11

nts;sp

21 cj;juhlk;

266-40

280-0

caHe;j ,Uf;if

2

#upad;

22 jpUNthzk;

280-0

293-20

thDhHjp

3

re;jpud;

23 mtpl;lk;

293-20

306-40

kpUjq;fk;

4

nrt;tha;

24 rjak;

306-40

320-0

ePs; tl;lk;

100

uhF

25 G+ul;lhjp

320-0

333-20

caHe;j ,Uf;if

2

tpahod;

26 cj;jul;lhjp

333-20

346-40

,ul;ilaH

2

rdp

27 Nutjp

346-40

360-0

KuR

32

Gjd;

 

,e;j el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs; rpy jdp el;rj;jpuq;fd; MFk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf rpj;jpiu> Rthjp> Mjpiu el;rj;jpuq;fs; jdpj; jdpahdit. mit KiwNa Kj;J (pearl) ePyf;fy; (sapphire) Jsrpkzp (bead) Nghd;w rhay; cilad. ngUk;ghyhd tpz;kPd;fs; 3>4>5>6 vz;zpf;ifAila el;rj;jpuq;fis xd;NwhL xd;Wld; tpjpf;fl;Lg;ghbd;wp (arbitrary) njhLg;gjd; %yk; cUthf;fg; gl;litahFk;. fhHj;jpifg; ngz;fs; MW NgH vd;gjhy; mJ 6 tpz;kPd;fs; nfhz;lit vd;gJ nrhy;yhkNy tpsq;Fk;. rja el;rj;jpuk; kl;Lk; 100 tpz;kPd;fs; nfhz;lJ. ,Ugj;NjO el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jpYk; nkhj;jk; 192 tpz;kPd;fs; kl;LNk ,Uf;fpd;wd.                                           fhHj;jpif tpz;kPd;

mz;ikapy; ,e;j tpz;kPd; njhFjpfs; (el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs;) gy;yhapuk; xsp Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. rpy tpz;kPd;fs; fz;Zf;F mUfUNf fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtw;Wf;F ,ilapy; gy;yhapuk; xsp Mz;L ,ilntsp ,Uf;fpd;wJ.  

 

xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuk; vJ vd;gjpy; NrhjplHfSf;F ,ilNa xw;Wik ,y;iy. xU Foe;ij fUtpy; cw;gj;jpahd ehsh? fhy; my;yJ jiy epyj;jpy; (,d;W fl;bypy;) gl;l Neukh? njhg;Gs; nfhb mWj;j Neukh? Fth Fth vd;W Foe;ij mOj Neukh? my;yJ Foe;ij Kjy; Kjy; %r;Rtpl;l Neukh? ,jpy; vJ?

 

xU kUj;jtkidapy; ,uz;nlhU tpdhb NtWghl;by; gpwe;j ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfsJ tho;f;if xNu khjpupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb vq;fhtJ ,Uf;fpwjh? vkJ mDgtk; vd;dntd;why; mtHfs; ntt;NtW njhopy; ghHf;fpwhHfs;. ntt;NtW Neuj;jpy; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ntt;NTW Neuj;jpy; ,wf;fpwhHfs;.