jkpoPo tpbaYf;Fg; G+ghsk; ghbtUk; ftpf; Fapy; fhrp Mde;jd;  

(ef;fPud;)

cyf tuyhw;wpy; ftpQHfSf;F xU jdpaplKz;L. fpNuf;f nkhopapy; ,ypal; (Iliad) kw;Wk; xbrp (Odyssey) vd;w ePz;l fhg;gpaq;fis vOjpa  N`hkH kpfTk; Gfo;tha;e;jtH. mtH vOjpa ,e;jf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ,d;Wk; mnkupf;f caHepiyg; gs;spfspYk;> gy;fiyf; fofq;fspYk; ghlg;  Gj;jfkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mNjNghy; ",oe;j nrhHf;fk;" kw;Wk; "kPz;l nrhHf;fk;" vOjpa Mq;fpyf; ftpQd; kpy;ld; mopahg; Gfo; tha;e;jtH. fPjhQ;ryp" vOjpa ftpaurH jh$H> ghurPff; ftpQH ckhHfahk; ,tHfSk; jq;fs; ftpj;Jtr; rpwg;ghy; tuyhw;W VLfspy; fhyj;jhy; mopahj ,lj;ijg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;ltHfs;.

xU KO Ehy; vOjp tpsf;fNtz;ba nghUis xU ftpQd; ,UgJ tupfspy; tpsf;fptpLthd;. ehw;gJ gf;ff; fl;Liuapd; cs;slf;fj;ij ftpQd; ehYtupapy; kdjpy; gjpAkhW nrhy;yp tpLthd;.

jkpopyf;fpak; gj;jhk; Ehw;whz;Ltiu ftpij my;yJ ghly; tbtpy;jhd; tbf;fg;gl;ld. rq;f ,yf;fpak; Kw;W KOjhf ghly; tbtpy; vOjg;gl;lit. jpUf;Fws; ntz;ghtpy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

ftpQHfspd; ngaHfs; tuyhw;wpy; ePbj;J epiyg;gjw;F mtHfs; ifahz;l ftpij tbtk;jhd; fhuzk;.

jkpo;nkhop tuyhw;wpy; ts;StH> ,sq;Nfh> fk;gd; ftpijapd; nfhLKbiaj; njhl;ltHfs;. fk;gupd; ,uhkrupjj;ij N`hkupd; ,ypal;> xbrpNahL jpwdha;thsHfs; xg;gpl;Lg; NgRfpwhHfs;.

,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; Kjy;gFjp kfhftp ghujpahUf;F nrhe;jkhdJ. eLg;gFjp ghNte;jH ghujpjhrDf;F cupaJ. gpd;dJ czHr;rpf; ftpQH fhrp Mde;jDf;F cupaJ.

,e;j Kk;%Hj;jpfSf;F ,ilapy; xU xw;Wik ,Uf;fpwJ.  ,tHfs; Njrpaf;  ftpQHfs;. jhq;fs; gpwe;j nghd;dhL tpLjiyngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w MNtrj;jpy; ftpij ghbatHfs;.

"MLNthNk gs;Sg; ghLNthNk

Mde;j Rje;jpuk; mile;J tpl;Nlhnkd;W"

vd;W ghujpahH capNuhL ,Uf;Fk;NghJ fz;l fdT xU Kg;gJ Mz;Lfs; fopj;Jg; gypj;J tpl;lJ. ghujpahH ,e;j cyfpy; cyhtpa Mz;Lfs; ntWk; Kg;gj;njhd;gNj. 1882y; gpwe;j ghujpahH 1921y; te;j Ntiy Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;W Ngha;tpl;lhH.

"tho;f tho;fNt

,J ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd; fz;l fdT. Mdhy; mtH fdT gypf;ftpy;iy. fhdy; ePuhfptpl;lJ. "mile;jhy; jpuhtpl ehL ,y;iyNay; RLfhL" vd;whHfs;. jpuhtplehL fpilf;ftpy;iy. RLfhLjhd; fpilj;jJ!

"flKl vd xU ftpapb

   ,Lfu tpyq;Fs; xbahNjh?

nfhbnahL gilnahL KbnahL

   jkpopd tpLjiy fpilahNjh?"           (fhrp Mde;jd; ftpijfs;)  

ftpQH fhrp Mde;jdpd; fdit KUfDf;F epfH jiytH  gpughfud; kpf  tpiutpy; edthf;fp itg;ghH. mbehs; njhlq;fp KbNahLk;> nfhbNahLk;> gilNahLk; nfhw;wk; ,Ue;j jkpoPok; kPz;Lk; tpiutpy; kyUk;.

ftpQH fhrp Mde;jid ehd; Kjd; Kjypy; jkpo;ehl;by;jhd; re;jpj;Njd;. mg;NghJ (1960) mtH nrd;idg; gr;irag;gd; fy;Yhupapy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lg; gbg;Gg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. xU rpd;d miwapy; ez;gHfNshL FbapUe;jhH. "Rje;jpud;" kl;lf;fsg;G epUguhf ,Ue;j jpU. gj;kehjd;  mg;NghJ  mq;Fjhd; tho;e;jhH. mtiu vdf;F Kd;Ng njupAk;. mtHjhd; vq;fis  vk;[pMH>  kjpaofd; (gpd;dhs; jkpo;ehL rl;lrigj; jiytH)> rhjpf; ghl;rh (jpKf nghUshsH) ,d;Dk; gyuJ ,y;yq;fSf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jhH.

jpU. kjpaofd; xU kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F Nkyhf ,yq;if murpaiyg;gw;wpf; Nfl;lwpe;jhH. "cq;fs; Neuj;ij vLj;J tpl;Nlhk;. tzf;fk;. nrd;W tUfpNwhk;" vd;W Gwg;gl;lNghJ ",y;iy ,y;iy ,t;tsT Jhuk; fly;fle;J te;J vd;idg; ghHf;f te;jpUf;fpwPHfs;. cq;fNshL vt;tsT Neunkd;whYk; ehd; Ngrj; jahH" vd;W   nrhy;yp NkYk; xU kzpj;jpahyk; Ngrpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhH. mtuJ mf;fiwiaf;>  fupridia  ,d;iwa jpKf jiytHfs; jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lk; vd;whNy Nkdifia  VnWLj;Jg; ghHf;f kWj;j tpRthkpj;jpu KdptHNghy; ele;J nfhs;tij xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fpNwd;.  

,d;WNghy; md;Wk; ftpQH "xy;yp"ahf ,Ue;jhH. Mdhy; mtH fz;fs; kl;Lk; xspAKOk; fz;fs;. ghHitapYk; xU ntwp. mtiu kPz;Lk; jkpoPoj;jpy; ghHj;jNghJ mNj xspAKOk; fz;fs;. mNj ghHit. nkhopngaHg;ghsH gjtpiaj; Jwe;j ftpQH 1972k; Mz;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;l  Gjpa ahg;Gf;F vjpuhd vjpHg;G miyiaf; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cUthf;Ftjpy;  Kk;kukhf <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. gpd;dH  ifjhfp rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhH.

1972-78 Mz;L fhyj;jpy; (1975y;> 1997y;  tpLjiyahfp gpd; mNj  Mz;bd; filrpg; gFjpapy; kPz;Lk; ifjhdhH) ngUk;ghYk; ntypf;filr; rpiwapy; ftpQH milf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. mg;NghJ khjk; ,UKiw  mtiug; ghHf;f  mtuJ ,sty; rptn[ak; nfhOk;Gf;Fj; jtwhJ tUthH. fy;Flh ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdH nfhLj;j njhlHtz;b mDkjpr; rPl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpj;jhd;  mtH tUtJ tof;fk;. te;jhy; vq;fs; tPl;by;jhd; jq;FthH. tUk;NghJ Rk;kh tukhl;lhH.  jdJ mUik kfDf;F jhahH nra;J nfhLj;j gyfhug; nghl;lyq;fNshLjhd; tUthH. mLj;j ehs; fhiyapy; rpiwr;rhiyf;Fg;  Gwg;gLk;NghJ ehq;fSk; czT nfhLj;J tpLNthk;. mg;NghJ ftpQNuhL Fl;bkzp> jq;fj;Jiu>  ,d;gk;>  khit Nrdhjpuhrh> tz;iz Mde;jd; vd nkhj;jk; RkhH 42 ,isQHfs; rpiwapy; ,Ue;jhHfs;.  

gpd;dH rptn[aKk; murpay; eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhfg; gpbgl;L rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhH. tpLjiyahdJk; ,af;fj;jpy; NrHe;J NghuhspahdhH. 1988y; ,uhZtk; Nkw;nfhz;l xURw;wp tisg;gpy; rpf;Fz;lNghJ eQ;rUe;jp tPur; rhtile;jhH.

ftpQH 1977y; tpLjiy MdJk; vdJ tPl;Lf;F te;jhH. mtUld; ,d;gk;> tz;iz Mde;jd; vd ehd;F ,isQHfs; te;jhHfs;. ftpQH rpiw tho;f;ifgw;wp ftpQH nrhd;d gy tplaq;fs; ,g;NghJ kdj;jpiuapy; Nghl;Lg; ghHf;fpNwd;. rpiwapy; nfhLf;Fk; czT gLNkhrkhdJ. Nrhw;wpy; fw;fs; mjpfk;. mjdhy; mjidr; rhg;gpLtjw;F Kd;dH jl;by; jz;zPH Cw;WthHfs;. mg;NghJ NkNy ,Uf;Fk; fw;fs; fPNo Ngha;tpLk;.  Mdhy; fPNo ,Ue;j GOf;fs; jz;zPupy; NkNy kpjf;fj; njhlq;fptpLk;.

rpiw kPz;l ftpQH kw;Wk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nts;stj;ij ruRtjp kz;lgj;jpy; ,yq;ifj; njhopyhsH fhq;fpu]; jiytH jpU.nrsa%Hj;jp njhz;ilkhd; jiyikapy; kpfg; gpukhz;lkhd tuNtw;g;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.  mjpy; Kd;dhs; mikr;rH jpU. K. jpUr;nry;tKk; fye;J nfhz;lhH. ,isQHfs; tupirapy; epd;W  ,uj;jj;jhy;  ftpQUf;F jpyfk; ,l;ldH. ,tHfs; vy;NyhUk; aho;g;ghzk; nrd;wNghJ mtHfs; nrd;w Giftz;b thiokuq;fshy; ed;whfr; Nrhbf;fg;gl;L topneLf jpushd kf;fs; md;NghL tuNtw;whHfs;.   

ghujpahH rpy ehl;fNs (1918) rpiw ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhH. ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd; xNu xUKiw jpUg;Gtidapy; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;jNghJ gpud;R muRf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gl;ljhff; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;L 19 khjq;fs; rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhH.

ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd; nkhj;jk; 5 Mz;L fhyk; nfhLQ; rpq;fsr; rpiwapy; milf;fg; gl;lhH. fhty;Jiwapdupd; jhf;FjYf;Fk; rpj;jputijf;Fk; Mshfp ,Uf;fpwhH. me;j mDgtq;fis vy;yhk; ghlyhf tbj;jpUf;fpwhH.

"gl;bdp fple;J grpahy; nkype;J

     rpupf;f kWg;Ngdh?          (fhrp Mde;jd; ftpijfs;)

ghujpahUk;> ghujpjhrDk; rkfhyj;jtHfs;. ghujpjhrdpd; ghly;fspy; ghujpapd; jhf;fj;ijf; fhzyhk;. ftpQH fhrp  Mde;jdpd; ghly;fspy; ,e;j ,UtuJ> Fwpg;ghf ghujpjhrdJ> nkhopg;gw;W> ,dg;gw;W> jdpj;jkpo;g; gw;W ,tw;wpd; jhf;fj;ijf; fhzyhk;.

ftpQH fhrp Mde;jdpd;  ftpijfspy;  vg;NghJk; xU jHk MNtrj;ij> cz;ikahd ehl;Lg;gw;W nkhopg;gw;iwf; fhzyhk;. thHj;ijfis mf;fpdpf; Fok;gpy; Njha;j;J vLj;J jkpo;g; giftHfisr; rh(R)Ltjpy; mtiu ahUk; nty;y KbahJ. xt;nthU  nrhy;Yk; VNf47 Jg;ghf;fpr; rd;dk; khjpup ntbj;Jf; fpsk;Gk;.  

    eLj;njUtpy; itf;fpNwd;!"                  (fhrp Mde;jd; ftpijfs;)

Rk;kh mbf;f khl;lhuhk;. ehaha; mbj;J eLj;njUtpy; itg;ghuhk;.

"fhl;bf; nfhLg;gtd; vq;Nf?- me;jf;

      gr;irj; JNuhfp tpog; gha;e;J thlh!"        (fhrp Mde;jd; ftpijfs;)

,e;jg; ghly;fspy;  aho;g;ghz - kl;lf;fsg;Gg; Ngr;Rj; jkpo; fr;rpjkhff; fspelk; Guptijf; fhzyhk;.  

"G+l;ba ,Uk;Gf; $l;bd; fjT

Gypvdr; nray;nra;ag; Gwg;gL ntspapy;!"        (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;)

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; ,y;yhj NtfKk; #Lk; ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd; ftpij tupfspy; njupfpwJ. ftpQH fhrp Mde;jdpd; jkpo;g;gw;W ghujpjhridAk;  tpQ;rpaJ.

"jkpNo capNu tzf;fk;! jha; gps;is cwtk;kh cdf;Fk; vdf;Fk;!"

"vd;Dapiuj;  Jhf;fp vwpe;j jkpozq;Nf  md;id  epdJapuha; MNtd; ehd; Mizab.."

,g;gbg;gl;l xU jiyrpwe;j ftpQid> ngw;w kz;izAk; me;j kz;zpd; kf;fisAk; topgLk; ftpQid> jkpoPo murpd; muritf; ftpQid mtH thOk; ehspy; ngUikg;gLj;Jtjw;F cyfj; jkpo;g; gilg;ghspfs;  fofk; vjpHtUk; 11 Mk; ehs; rdpf;fpoik khiy 5.30 kzpf;F Ehy; ntspaPl;L tpoh vLf;fpwJ.  midtiuAk; md;Gld; miof;fpNwd;.