“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

 

jpUkfs;

 

,yq;ifad; vOjpa "tho;Tk; tLTk;' vd;w  Ehy; ntspaPL fle;j Mf];l; 7 Mk; ehs;> nuhwd;Nuh mj;yhe;jh kz;lgj;jpy; mtuJ gts tpohtpd; NghJ ,lk;ngw;wJ.

 

,e;j Ehy; ,yq;ifad; mtHfsJ jd; tuyhwhFk;. jkpopdj;jpd; rhgf; Nflhd rhjpaj;jhy; jhd; gl;l Jd;gq;fisAk; Jauq;fisAk; fhaq;fisAk; ,e;j Ehy; rpj;jupf;fpwJ.

 

%d;W ghtyHfs; ghly; gbj;jhHfs;. mNefk; NgH ,yq;ifad; gw;wpAk; mtH vOjpa tho;Tk; tLTk; Ehy; gw;wpAk; thdshtg; Gfo;e;J NgrpdhHfs;.

 

Mdhy; Nrud; jtpu kw;wtHfs; Ehypd; ikaf; fUthd rhjpaj;ijg; gw;wp Neubahfg; Ngrhky; mijr; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp eHj;jdk; nra;jhHfs;. tpohTf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa mjpgH ngh. fdfrghgjp jiyikAiu vd;W vijAk; fdjpahfg; Ngrtpy;iy. mtH kl;Lk; ,yq;ifad; vOjpa EhYf;F vOjpa Kd;Diuia xl;b Nkilapy; NgrpapUe;jhy; kpfr; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. vOJjpaijg; NgRtjw;F vd;d kdg; G+l;L?

 

'vd; fij vd;fpwhNu> ,J mtH fijah? ,y;yNt ,y;iy! nghUshjhu> fy;tp mwpT Fd;wpa xU gFjp kf;fis xU NfLnfl;l r%fk;> Mo mKf;fp MHg;gupj;J> mgj;jkhd eltbf;iffs; %yk; Nknyo Kbahky; eRf;fp itj;j Jd;gpay; fij. ehk; ahtUk; $dpf; FWfp Ra gr;rhj;jhgg; glNtz;ba Nrhff; fij ,J! ,J mtH fijay;y. xU r%fj;jpd; fij. eatQ;rfj; jdkhf eRf;fg;gl;l xU rhuhupd; fij. 'ehDk; ,jw;F cle;ijahf epd;NwNd' vd ek;kpy;  xt;nthUtUk; jk;ikj; jhNk Fw;wthspf; $z;by; epWj;jp fhyk; fle;J ePjp Nfl;Fk; fij."

 

cz;ikapy; ,J tPuh Ntrkhd trdq;fs;! Nfhgk; nfhg;gspf;Fk; thHj;ijfs;! ,jid mr;rbj;J rl;lk; Nghl;L tpohTf;F te;jtHfsplk; nfhLj;J mtutH tPl;Lr; Rtupy; khl;b itAq;fs; vd;W Nfl;L ,Uf;fyhk;!

 

Mdhy; mjpgH fdfrghgjpahH rup> kw;wtg; Ngr;rhsHfs; rup ,e;jf; nfhLikfspd; eatQ;rfj;Jf;F> rjpf;F  ahH my;yJ vJ nghWg;G vd;gij ntspf; nfhzuNt ,y;iy! Gz;Zf;Fg; GDF G+RtJ Nghy mij %b kiwj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

 

gpNuk;[p xUtNu rhjpak; kD jHkj;jpd; (kD jHkk; vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L> gpd;dH jtiw czHe;J kD Vw;ghL vd;whH) Vw;ghL vd;whH.

 

xU kzpj;jpahyk; Ngrpa Nrud;  rhjpfis cUthf;fpa 'Gdpj' Ntjq;fs; gw;wpNah> kD ];kpUjpfs; gw;wpNah> gftj;fPij gw;wpNah %r;Nr tpltpy;iy.

 

MWKf ehtyH xUtHjhd; mtUf;F trkhff; fpilj;jhH. jkpoPoj; njhiyf; fhl;rpapy; Njrpa milahsq;fisf; Fwpg;gjw;F ts;Stiuf; fhl;btpl;L mLj;J MWKf ehtyiuf; fhl;LfpwhHfshk;! rhjp ntwpauhd MWKf ehtyiu vg;gbj; jkpo;j; Njrpaj;jpd; milahsq;fspy; xd;whf fhl;l KbAk;? vd;W tpdh vOg;gpdhH.

 

,jpy; cs;s Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; MWKf ehtyiu ngupa jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahff; fhl;batHfs; rkTlik> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Ngrpa Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsHfs;jhd;! Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fj;jpd; nrayhsH gpNuk;[pjhd;!

 

njw;Nf rpq;fs Njrpathjpfs; mefhupf jHkghyiuj; rpq;fs Njrpaj;jpd;  je;ij vd;W Njhspy; Jhf;fpg; gpbg;gijg; ghHj;J tpl;Lj;jhd; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk;  tl ,yq;ifapy; jkpOk; irtKk; tsHj;j MWKfehtyiu ngupa jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahfr; rpj;jupj;J mtUf;F tpoh vLj;J rpiyAk; itj;jhHfs;! Mdhy; ,tw;Wf;Fg; gpd;dhy; xU fij ,Uf;fpwJ.

 

1974 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ele;j jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;il elj;j tplhJ jLg;gjpy; md;iwa =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpg; gpujkH rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fh kpfTk; mf;fiw vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. nfhOk;gpy; jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;il itAq;fs; xj;Jiog;Gj; jUfpNwhk; Mdhy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; itj;jhy; MjuT ,y;iy vd;W rpwpkhNth gfpuq;fkhfTk; jpkpNuhLk; mwptpj;jhH.

 

mg;NghJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapd; Kftuhf my;gpul; jq;fuhrh Jiuag;gh ,Ue;jhH. aho;g;ghz khefu rig Kjy;tUk; mtNu. aho;g;ghz =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp mikg;ghsUk; mtNu. aho;g;ghzf; $l;LWT rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiytUk; mtNu.  vdNt  jkpo; Muha;r;rp khehl;il jpwe;jntsp muq;fpy; elj;Jtjw;F Jiuag;gh mDkjp kWj;J tpl;lhH.  MSk; fl;rpiaAk; mikr;rHfisAk; ej;jpg;  gpioj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Jiuag;ghTf;F NtW topapUf;ftpy;iy.

 

jkpo; Muha;r;rp khehl;il vg;ghL gl;lhYk; vj;jid jilte;jhYk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elj;jpNa jPUtJ vd;gjpy; khehl;L Vw;ghl;lhsHfs; NguhrpupaH R.tpj;jpahde;jd; (jiytH) kwtd;GyT f. rr;rpjhde;jd; (nrayhsH)  NguhrpupaH Nfhgd; kfhNjth> <oNte;jd; KjypNahH fq;fzk; fl;bf; nfhz;L ,uT gfy; fz; Jhq;fhJ gzpahw;wpdhHfs;. khehl;Lf;F Kjy; ehNs thio> fKF>  Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fupf;fg;gl;L aho;g;ghzk; tpohf; Nfhyk; G+z;lJ.

 

jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;bd; ,Wjp ehsd;W (rdtjp 10> 1974)  ,uT gj;J kzp mstpy; NguhrpupaH iedhH nkhfkJ jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gw;wp tPurpq;fk; kz;lgj;jpd; Kd;dhy; Nghlg; gl;bUe;j Nkilapy; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhH. me;j Ntisapy; ve;j Kd;dwptpj;jYk; ,d;wp rptG+irapy; fub GFe;jJ Nghy Ehw;Wf; fzf;fhd aho;g;ghzr; rpq;fs fhty;JiwapdH tz;bfspy; te;jpwq;fp  NguhrpupaH Ngf;ir mikjpahff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j  50>000 mjpfkhd kf;fisg; nghy;Yfshy; mbj;Jk; Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rl;Lk; jhf;fj; njhlq;fpdH. ,e;jj; jhf;Fjypy; 9 jkpoHfs; capH ,oe;jhHfs;. khehL ele;j ikjhdk; NghHf;fskhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ aho;g;ghz fhty;Jiwapd; nghWg;G mjpfhupahf J.M.D. (Mitra) Muparpq;fh ,Ue;jhH. 

 

fhty;Jiwapdupd; ,e;j kpUfj;jdkhd jhf;Fjiy NkaH Jiuag;ghNt gop thq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Jhz;btpl;ljhf kf;fs; gutyhfg; Ngrpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mJ cz;ikNah ngha;Nah Jiuag;ghthy; mLj;j rpy fpoikfSf;F tPl;il tpl;L ntspapy; jiy fhl;l Kbatpy;iy.  mtH gf;fj;jpy; cs;s ,e;jpahTf;F Xbtpl;ljhff; $lr; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ.

 

,g;gb xspe;J tho;e;j Jiuag;gh kPz;Lk; ntspapy; tu vd;d nra;ayhk; vdj; jdJ MjuthsHfisf; $l;b ke;jpuyhNrhid nra;jhH. mtUf;F ifnfhLf;f Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; Kd; te;jJ.

 

jkpo; khehLjhd; Fok;gpg; Ngha;tpl;lNj? ,d;ndhU khehL itj;jhy; Nghr;R! ,Uf;fNt ,Uf;fpwhH MWKf ehtyH> mtUf;F ngupa tpoh vLg;Nghk; vd Jiuag;ghTf;F  Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; Nahrid ey;fpaJ. mjid mLj;J ehtyUf;F tpoh vLg;gjw;F NguhrpupaH f. ifyhrgjp> NguhrpupaH f. rptj;jk;gp Nghd;Nwhiu Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; fsk; ,wf;fpaJ. mg;NghJ ,tHfs; aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. (tsUk;)  

 

 

 

 

 

  

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

 

Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;l ehtyH!

 

(2)

 

Ngrhg; nghUis Ngrehd; Jzpe;Njd;

Nfl;fh tuj;ij Nfl;f ehd; Jzpe;Njd;…

 

vdg; ghujpahH ghbaJf;F xg;g tho;Tk; tLTk; vd;w Ehy; jkpo; rKjhaj;jpd; Ngrhg; nghUshf ,Ue;j rhjpgw;wpa cw;gj;jpiaAk; mJ rKjhaj;Jf;F tpisj;j jPikfisAk; vLj;Jg; NgrTk; vOjTk; xU tha;g;ig ey;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.

 

jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;Lf;Fg; Nghl;bahf Jiuag;gh aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jkpo; tpoh xd;iw jlGlyhf elj;jpdhH. kUj;Jtkid tPjpapy; ts;StH> mt;itahH Nghd;w GytHfSf;Fr; rpiy itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; rpiyfis rpq;fs ,uhZtk; gpw;ghyj;jpy; cilj;njwpe;jJ. ts;StH rpiy jiy cilf;fg;gl;L njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j tpoh %yk; Jiuag;gh jhd; nra;j ghgj;jpw;Ff;  fOtha; Njbf; nfhz;ljhf epidj;jhH.

 

gpd;dH 1979 Mk; Mz;L ehtyuJ Ehw;whz;L tpoh  aho;g;ghzj;jpy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ.  tpohit =y= MWKf ehtyH rig xOq;F nra;jpUe;jJ. tpoh njhlHghf ehtyH Ehw;whz;L kyH ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; gjpg;ghrpupaH kw;Wk; kyHf;FOj; jiytH f.ifyhrgjp MthH. cWg;gpdHfs; fh.rptj;jk;gp> nghd;. G+Nyhfrpq;fk;> m.rz;Kfjh];> r.mk;gpidghfd;> eh.Rg;gpukzpad;>  M.rptNerr;nry;td; MfpNahH.   

 

khehl;bd; xU mk;rkhf MWkfehtyuJ rpiy nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J CHtykhff; nfhz;L tug;gl;L aho;g;ghzk; ey;YhH njw;F tPjpapy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

 

MWKfehtyH rigapd; jiytH Mf Kd;dhs; ePjpaurH .tP. rptRg;gpukzpak; ,Ue;jhH. nghJ mikg;Gr; nrayhsH Mf vd;. Nrhkfhe;jd; ,Ue;jhH.

 

MWKfehtyH rig ehtyH Ehw;whz;L tpohit elj;JfpwJ vd;W ntspAyFf;Fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhYk; mjid Kd;dpd;W elj;jpatHfs; jkpo; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfNs. Fwpg;ghf tpoh ntw;wpngw NrhK vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Nrhkfhe;jd; nkj;jg; ghLgl;lhH. mtNu ehtyH rigapd; gjpy; nghJr; nrayhsH MfTk; ,Ue;jhH.

 

MWKf ehtyuJ jkpo;j; njhz;ilAk; rkaj; njhz;ilAk; itj;J mtiu xU jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahff; fhl;LtJ Ehw;whz;L tpoh elj;jpatHfspd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;fhd rhd;Wfisj; jpul;LtJ mtHfsJ Ntiyahf ,Ue;jJ.

 

Kd;dH $wpaJ Nghy MWKf ehtyiu njd;dpyq;if rpq;fs – gTj;j Njrpathjpahd mefhupf jHkghyupd; tlapyq;ifg; gjpg;ghf fhl;l vLj;j Kaw;rp ntw;wpngwtpy;iy.

 

MWKf ehtyH msg;gupa jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; rkaj; njhz;Lk; Mw;wpdhH vd;gjpy; ve;j  ma;aKk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; mjd; mbg;gilapy; mtiu xU jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahfg; ghHg;gJ> ghHf;f KidtJ nghUe;jhJ.

 

jkpo;j; Njrpaj;jpd; milahsk; nkhop> rkak; md;W.  ehtyupd; jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; NgusT rkak; rhHe;jjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. vdNt mtiu xU Njrpathjp vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; mlf;f KbahJ.

 

NkYk; MWKfehtyH midj;Jj; jkpoiuAk; nkhopapd; mbg;gilapYk; rkaj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; xd;W jpul;batH my;yH.

 

MWKfehtyH jhd; fl;ba jkpo;g; gs;spf;$lf; fjTfis jkpo; kf;fspy; %d;wpy; xU gFjpapdUf;F milj;J itj;jhH. mNj Nghy; irtf; Nfhapy;fspd; fjTfis gQ;rkH vd ,e;J kjk; Kj;jpiu Fj;jpj; js;sp itj;j kf;fSf;Ff; nfl;bahfg; G+l;b itj;jhH.  

 

jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l jPz;lhikiaf; fhuzk; fhl;bNa fpwpj;Jt ghjpupkhH ,e;Jj; jkpoHfis rkak; khw;wpdhHfs;. mg;gbr; rkak; khwpatHfis mtHfs; gs;spf;$lq;fspy; NrHj;jhHfs;. Njthyaf; fjTfisAk; jpwe;J itj;jhHfs;.

 

MWKfehtyUf;F jkpo; kf;fspy; xU rhuhH kjk; khWtjw;fhd fhuzpfs; njupe;jpUe;Jk; jPz;lhikia vd;w Nehia xopj;J irtj;ijf; fhg;ghw;w Kd;tutpy;iy. fy;tpf; $lq;fis jPz;lhjhUf;Fj; jpwe;J tpl;Lj; jkpio tsHf;f epidf;ftpy;iy.

 

irtj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fk; rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fk; rhjp mikg;Gg; ngupa Kl;Lf; fl;ilahf> jilahf> jlq;fyhf  ,Ue;jij itjPf irtuhd MWKfehtyuhy; fz;L nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

 

MwKfehtyupd; irtg; gzpAk; jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; caHrhjp jkpoHfis ikag;gLj;jpNa ,Ue;jd. mtuJ Gwr; rka fz;ldq;fs;> cgNjrq;fs; caHrhjpapdiu ikakhf itj;Nj $wg;gl;ld. ehtyH caHrhjpapdupd; Vfg; gpujpepjpahf ,Ue;jhH vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. ,e;jg; ghj;jpuk; mtH xU rhjpntwpaH vd;w gl;lj;ijj; Njbf; nfhLj;jJ.

 

MWKf ehtyH vOjpa irttpdhtpilapy; “vtHfsplj;jpNy Nghrdk; gz;zyhfhJ?” vd;w tpdhTf;F tpil……….. jho;e;j rhjpahuplj;jpYk;… Nghrdk; gz;zf;$lhJ” vd;gjhFk;.

 

Kjyhk; ghy ghlj;jpy; “ey;nyhOf;fk;” vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jPz;lj; jfhj rhjpahiuAk; …. jPz;bdhYk;……cLj;j t];jpuj;JlNd ];dhdk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Njthya juprdk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jpUf;NfhapYs;Ns Nghtjw;F Nahf;fpaHfsy;yhj rhjpahHfs;…….” vd nkhj;j jkpo; kf;fspd; njhifapy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L tpOf;fhl;bdiu MWKfehtyH ‘md;Ng rptk;” vd;w rkaj;jpd; Nguhy; Nfhapy;fSf;Fk; gs;spf;$lq;fSf;Fk; ntspNa epWj;jptpl;lhH!

 

aho;g;ghz rka epiy vd;w ntspaPl;by; fpwpj;jt ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jkJ gps;isfis mDg;gpa caHrhjpapdiu Vsdk; nra;J fz;bf;Fk; tifapy;” jq;fs; gps;isfisg; ghjpupkhH tPl;bNy fPo;r;rhjpahNuhLk; NghrdQ; nra;tpj;Jr; rhjpahrhuj;ijAk; rkahrhuj;ijAk; ,og;gpj;J mtHfNshL jhq;fSk; fye;J> mt;tpuz;ilAk; ,of;fpd;whHfNs! ,tHfs; ,g;gbr; nra;Jk;> vjpupfnsjpNu jiyFdpahH> jhq;fs; irtrkapfnsd;Wk;> rpwpJk; ehzkpd;wp jiynaLg;GlNd ghuhl;lj; njhlq;Ffpd;whHfNs! rPr;rP! m/njd;d kjpkaf;fk;” vdf; $wpaJ rhjpahrhuj;ijf; filg;gpbg;gjpy; MWKfehtyH vt;tsT ,Wf;fkhf ,Ue;jhH vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

 

mz;il ehlhd ,e;jpahtpy; uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uhapd; gpuk;k  rkh[k;> Mupa rkh[k; Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fs; ,e;J rkaj;ijf; fhyj;NjhL xg;g Nkw;nfhz;l rPHjpUj;jq;fis MWKfehtyH fz;L nfhs;stpy;iy. tpjit kWkzk;> Mz;-ngz; rkj;Jtk;> cld;fl;il VWjy;> jPz;lhik Nghd;w rKjhar; rpf;fy;fSf;F ,e;j mikg;Gf;fs; jPHTfhzg; Nghuhbd.

 

Mdhy; ehtyNuh rhjpf;F Cw;whd Ntjq;fs; irtj;Jf;F gpukhz EhyhfTk; Nahapy;fspy; XJtjw;F cupait vd;Wk; “Ntj ehd;fpYk; nka;g; nghUs; MtJ ehjd; ekr;rpthaNt” vd;Wk; tw;GWj;jpdhH.

 

NkNy RwpathW MwKfehtyH itjPf irtuhf (,e;Jthf) mjp jPtpur; rhjpg; gw;NwhL ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhNyNa mtH xU rhjpntwpaH vd;w gl;lk; mtH Nfl;fhkNy mtUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ.

 

MWKfehtyH irtHfspd; Ntj Ehyhd Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;Nl mtH rka - fy;tpg; gzpfis Mw;wpdhH. mjdhy; Ntjhfkq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j rhjp jPz;lhik ,uz;ilAk; mtuhy; Gwe;js;s Kbatpy;iy. Ntjk; Mfkk; ,uz;Lk; rptd; mUspjhapw;Nw!

 

irt rkaj;jpy; cs;s fiwfisf; fioe;J> Fiwfis ePf;fp GJikf; fUj;Jf;fisg; GFj;jp mjid etPdg; gLj;jpapUf;fyhk; Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;a mtuJ fz;%bj;jdkhd Ntjhfkg; gw;W ,lq;nfhLf;ftpy;iy.

 

MWKfehtyH irt Mfkq;fs; xg;ghj topghl;L Kiwfisf; fz;bj;jhH. rptNd KOKjw; flTs; vd;Wk; gyiug; guk; vd;W nfhz;L tzq;Ffpw rkak; irt rkak; MfhJ vd;gJk; mtuJ thjkhFk;. 

 

Nfhapy;fs; Mfk Kiwg;gb mika Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; mq;F Ntj ghuhzKk; Njthu jpUthrfq;fSk; gbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehtyH tw;GWj;jpdhH.

 

irt rkaj;jpy; epytpa Rlikhld;> Kdpag;gH> fhl;Nlwp> fz;zfp Nghd;w rpW nja;t topghL> capHg;gyp> rjpH Ml;lk;> thz Ntbf;if> gpwH ftdj;ijf; ftu eifayq;fhuk;> tHzg;gl;lhil cLj;jy;> khkpr Nghrdk;> fs; Fbj;jy; Nghd;w Mrhuf; FiwTfis MWKfehtyH fLikahff; fz;bj;jhH.

 

ey;YhH fe;jrhkp Nfhapy; NjHj; jputpohtpd; NghJ NjH rpy;ypy; ML ntl;Lk; tof;fj;ij epWj;JkhW nrhd;dhH.

 

flTs; ngaupy; NrHf;fg;gl;l gzk; jdpg;gl;ltHfshw; ifahlg; gLtij> gzk; gpLq;Fk; Nkhrbfis ehtyH mk;gyg;gLj;jpdhH. Nfhapy; Coy;fis ehtyH mk;gyg;gLj;jpa tpjk; “Nfhapy; G+rhupiaj; jhf;fpNdd; Nfhapy; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfty;y> Nfhapy; nfhbatHfspd; $lhukhftplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhNt” vd;w fiyQH fUzhepjpapd; guhrf;jp trdj;ij epidT gLj;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ vd xU fl;Liu MrpupaH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

 

MWKf ehtyH fdlhtpy; ,d;W ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Mfktpjpfis Kw;whfg; Gwe;js;sp> %Hj;jp> jyk; jPHj;jj;ijf; FopNjhz;bg; Gijj;J rhuhaf; Fjq;fs;> fpl;lq;fpfs;> mq;fhbfs; tzpf Nehf;NfhL jdpahH Nfhapyhf cUkhwp gzk; gwpg;gijg; ghHj;J ve;jr; Rtupy; Ngha; Kl;LtJ vd;gJ njupahky; jpz;lhb ,Ug;ghH!

 

MWKfehtyupd; Nghgk; Kjypy; irtf; Nfhapy;fspy; Mfktpjpg;gb G+ir nra;aj; njupahj gpuhkzHfs; kPJ jpUk;gpaJ. irtrkaf; FUkhuplk; irthfk mwpTk;> ey;nyhOf;fKk;> rptjPl;irAk;> rptgf;jpAk; mUfpf; fhzg;gl;lik irtj;jpd; myq;Nfhyj;jpw;Fk; rPuopTf;Fk; fhuzk; vd mth Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH.

 

fpwpj;jt rkaj;jhH irtj;ijg; gw;wp vd;d epidg;ghHfs; vd;w ftiy rpwpJk; ,d;wp irtrkaj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l FiwghLfis ( rhjp ePq;fyhf) MWKfehtyH gfpuq;fkhf vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

 

irtf; FUkhH Nghyy;yhJ fpwpj;j kjj;ijg; gug;g te;j ghjpupkhHfs; Ntjj;ij ed;F fw;wtHfshfTk;> ey;nyhOf;fk; cilatuhfTk;> njhz;Ls;sk; gilj;jtHfshfTk; ,Ug;gij ehtyH Rl;bf; fhl;lj; jtwtpy;iy. tPPukhKdptH vOjpa ‘NtjpaH xOf;fk;’ vd;w Ehiyg; ghHj;jhNy NtjpaH kl;lj;jpy; ,U rkaj;jhUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; jhujk;kpak; vspjpy; tpsq;Fk;.

 

“irtrkapfNs! fpwpj;J rka FUkhuhfpa ghjpupkhHfs; jq;fs; ghi\fisAk; mjw;F %y ghi\fisAk; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa fzpj jUf;f G+Nfhs fhNfhshjpfisAk; jq;fs; rka Ehy;fisAk; gbj;Jj;  njHe;J guPl;irapw; rpj;jpngw;w neLe;Jhuj;jpdpd;Wk; ,q;Fte;J> ek;Kila Njr ghi\fisAk; ePjp Ehy;fisAk; rpwpjhapDk; fw;Wg; gpurq;fpf;fpwhHfNs! cq;fs; rka FUkhUs;Ns rpynuhopa> kw;wtHfs; me;jpNal;bg; gl;NlhiyjhDk;> ,d;DQ; nrhy;ypd; me;jpNal;bnad;Dk; ngaHjhDk; gpioaw vOj mwpahHfNs! nfl;b! nfl;b!!

 

rpthfkj;jpy; xU RNyhfkhapDe; Njthu jpUthrfq;fspy; xU ghl;lhapDe; jpUts;Stupy; xU FwshapDk; mwpahj kdpjg; gjHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

 

rkzrkaj;Jr; nrl;br;rp (fz;zfpf;F) tpf;fpufj;jpd; ,Ugf;fj;jpYk; tpehaff; flTs; tpf;fpukKQ; Rg;gpukzpaf; flTs; tpf;fpuKQ; mQ;rhJ itj;Jg; G+ir cw;rt Kjypad nra;fpd;w mjpghjfHfSQ; FUkhuhk;!  (,d;W Mfkj;Jf;Fk; irtj;Jf;Fk; Gwkhd ma;ag;gDf;F Nfhapy;fs; vOg;GtijAk;> ma;ag;g tpf;fpufj;Jf;Fg; gpuhkzHfs; G+ir nra;tijAk; MWKfehtyH fhz NeHe;jhy; jiyapy; mb mb vd;W mbj;Jf; nfhs;thH vd epr;rak; ek;gyhk;!)  

 

rkzrkaf; flTshfpa mUfd; NkNy ghlg;gl;l jpUEhnwd;gjw;Fk; epUePnwd;gjw;Fk; Ngjk; njupahkYk; jpUEhw;we;jhjpapNy tpG+jpapd; kfpik nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ> mjpy; xU Gj;jfk; thq;fpj; jukhl;Buh vd;fpd;w mNrjdjpyfHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

 

“khzpf;fthrfH ghbd jpUthrk; xd;W thq;fpNdd;> mtH ghba Njthuk; xd;W thq;fpj; jukhl;Buh” vd;fpd;w %lrNde;jpuHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

 

“gukrptDila ma;e;J Kfq;fSs;Ns <rhd Kfk; CHj;Jt Kfnkd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpd;wNj! CHj;Jt KfkhtJ mz;zhe;J fplf;fpd;w KfkhNk! mg;gbahdhy; mgpNrfk; gz;Zk;nghOJ jPHj;jk; %f;fpDs;Ns NghNk! Nghdhy; Rthkpf;Fr; ryNjh\k; nfhs;SNk! ahJ gz;zyhk;” vd;fpd;w mQ;Qhd rpNuhz;kzpfSQ; irtka FUkhuhk;!”

 

ePq;fs; tUj;jpr; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhLf;f mtHfs; vspjpy; thq;fp cz;LLj;Jf;nfhz;L  ntl;fk; rpwpJkpy;yhky; khg;gps;is khLfs; Nghyj; jpupfpd;whHfNs” (MWKfehtyH gpuge;jj; jpul;L - aho;g;ghzr; rkaepiy)

 

 

nfhQ;rk; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L ,jid NtW ahNuh gbf;ff; Nfl;lhy; <.Nt.uh. ngupahHjhd; ,g;gb ,e;J FUkhHfisj; jpl;LfpwhNuh vd;w ma;ak; kdjpy; vOk;!

(tsUk;)  

 

 

 

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

 

ehad;khHfSf;F G+ir nra;a kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs;!

 

(3)

 

rkaj;ijj; Jiwawf; fw;W mjid tsHf;fTk; ehY NgUf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;yTk; Nahf;fpaij ,y;yhJ ntWk; rlq;FfspYk; rk;gpuhjaq;fspYk; gpioj;Jf; fple;j gpuhkzf; FUkhH kPJ MWKfehtyH fhl;ba rpdk; kiyg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

 

kdpjg; gjH> mjpghjfHfs;> khg;gps;is khLfs;> %lmNrjdjpyfHfs;> mQ;Qhd rpNuhkzpfs; vdg; gOf;ff; fha;r;rpa nrhy; mk;Gfshy;  MWKfehtyH irtFUkhiu mUr;rpj;jpUg;gJ mtiuj; Njhspy; Jhf;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;lhLk; irtHfSf;Nf njupahJ NghYk;!

 

MWKf ehtyH gd;Kf MSik nfhz;ltH vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghby;iy. Vl;Lr; Rtbfshf ,Ue;j goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz Ehy;fis mr;R thfdk; Vw;wpdhH. jhNd ciu eilapy; Ehy;fs; vOjpAk; gioa Ehy;fSf;F ciu vOjpAk; ntspapl;lhH. ngupa Guhzk;> fe;jGuhzk;> jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; Mfpatw;Wf;F trdk; vOjpj;; jahupj;jy;> ed;EhYf;F ciu nra;jy; (ed;Dhw; fhz;bifAiu) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilf;F ciu ,aw;wy; kw;wk; gupNkyofH ciu> njhy;fhg;gpak; NrdhtiuaH ciu> nrhy;fhg;gp #j;jpu tpUj;jp> ,yf;fzf;nfhj;J Kjypatw;iw gjpg;gpj;Jk; my;yJ gjpg;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dH gupNrhjpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH.  

 

ehtyH tz;zhHgz;iz irtg; gpufhr tpjpahrhiy> rpjk;guk; irt tpj;jpahrhiy> rpjk;guk; Ntjhfk ghlrhiy> tz;iz irt Mq;fpy tpj;jpahrhiy>  nfhOk;Gj;Jiw ehtyH tpj;jpahrhiy  Kjypa gy irtg; ghlrhiyfis epWtpdhH.

 

ey;iyefH MWKf ehtyH gpwe;jpyNuy;

nrhy;Yjkp noq;Nf RUjpnaq;Nf – vy;ytUk;

Vj;JGuh zhfkq;fs; vq;Nfg;u rq;fnkq;Nf

Mj;jdwp ntq;Nf miw.

 

vd rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is Nghd;w gyH gygl ehtyiug; Nghw;wpdhYk; mtuJ rkag; gw;NwhL jkpo;g; gw;iw xg;gpLk; nghOJ rkag; gw;Nw tpQ;rp epw;fpwJ. ,jid “rpyH irt rkaj;ij jkpoH rkak; vd;fpwhHfs;> irtf; Nfhapy;fisj; jkpo;f; Nfhapy;fs; vd;fpwhHfs;. jkpo; xUnkhop. irtk; xU rkak;> ,uz;Lk; xd;wy;y” vd;w mtuJ $w;why; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. 

 

mbg;gilapy; ehtyH xU goikthjp. itjPf irtH. ehy; Ntjj;ijAk; gjpnzz; Mfkq;fisAk; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. rkar; rlq;Ffshfpa jPl;irfis Nkw;nfhz;L mtw;wpy; jtwhJ xOfpdhH. ,jid Vw;fdNt Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;Nsd;.

 

MWKfehtyH irtHfspd; Ntj Ehyhd Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;Nl mtH rka - fy;tpg; gzpfis Mw;wpdhH. mjdhy; rptd; mUspa Ntjhfkq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j rhjp jPz;lhik ,uz;ilAk; mtuhy; Gwe;js;s Kbatpy;iy. 

 

MWKfehtyH irt Mfkq;fs; xg;ghj topghl;L Kiwfisf; fz;bj;jhH. rptNd KOKjw; flTs; vd;Wk; gyiug; guk; vd;W tzq;Ffpw rkak; irt rkak; MfhJ vd;gJk; mtuJ thjkhFk;.

 

ehtyH Ngzpf; fhj;j irtk; itjPf irtk; MFk;. rkak; gw;wp vOJk; nghOJ jd; fUj;jhf vijAk; vOJtjpy;iy. mbg;gilapy; gpuhkzpa Nkyhz;ikia ehtyH Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; rpthfkj;Jf;F khwhf elf;Fk; gpuhkzHfis mtH fz;bf;fj; jtwtpy;iy. jpUtpoh> G+ir> cUj;jpuhgpNrfk;> gypapLjy;> XJthHfs; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; Mfkq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpd;wdNth mtw;iwf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehtyH tw;GWj;jpdhH.

 

ehtyUf;F Nuhrhg; G+ ed;F gpbf;Fk;. jhd; nra;Ak; rptG+irapy; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpdhH. Mdhy; rpt G+rhtpjp vd;w Ehiy vOJk; NghJ G+irf;Fupa G+f;fspy; xd;whf Nuhrhitr; NrHf;ftpy;iy. ,J mtuJ itjPf irtrkag; Nghf;Ff;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhllhFk;. 

 

vy;NyhUk; nfhz;lhLk; ey;YhHf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; Mfk newpg;gb mikatpy;iy vd;gjhy; ehtyH mjidAk; tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. ehtyH vjidAk; gr;irg;gb nrhy;gtH. mjw;F ,e;jf; fz;ldk; ey;y vLj;Jf; fhl;L.

 

“,f; Nfhapypd; ngaH ahJ? fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;! ,q;fpUf;fpd;w %Hj;jp fe;jRthkpah? ,y;iy! fe;jRthkpapd; tbtk; NtyhAjkh? mJ mtH ifg; gilf; fyk;. mtNuty; nra;Ak; mbik.”

 

tuyhw;W mbg;gilapy; fe;jRthkp topghL gpe;jpaJ. Nty; topghL Ke;jpaJ. njhy;fhg;gpak; ma;tif epyq;fSf;Fk; cupa nja;tq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

 

khNahd; Nka fhLiw cyfKk;
 NrNahd; Nka iktiu cyfKk;
 Nte;jd; Nka jPk;Gdy; cyfKk;
 tUzd; Nka ngUkzy; cyfKk;
 Ky;iy FwpQ;rp kUjk; nea;jy; vdr;
 nrhy;ypa Kiwahy; nrhy;yTk; gLNk! (njhy;. nghUs; mfj;jpiz 951)

 

jpUkhy; tpUk;Gfpd;w fhLila Ky;iy epyKk;> KUfd; tpUk;Gfpd;w Nkfk; R+o;e;j kiyiaAila FwpQ;rp epyKk;> ,e;jpud; tpUk;Gfpd;w kpFjpahd ePiuAila kUj epyKk;> tUzd; tpUk;Gfpd;w kpFjpahd kziyAila nea;jy; epyKk; vd Kiwahfr; nrhy;yg; ngWk;.

 

Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; Ntdpy; ntk;ikahy; jpupe;j NghJ ghiy vdg;gl;L  mjw;Fupa nja;tk; nfhw;wit my;yJ fd;dp vd njhy;fhg;gpa ,sk;G+uzhH ciuahy; mwpag;gLfpwJ. nfhw;wit topghL  gpw;fhyj;jpy; JHf;if> fhspNjtp topghlhf  khwpaJ.

 

njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; rpt topghNlh> rptkjNkh ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpYk; rptd; vd;w ngaupy; ahnjhU nja;tKk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpa filr;rq;f ,yf;fpf;fpaq;fspy; rptidg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. "Kf;fl; nry;tH efH" vdg; GwehDhw;wpd; 6 Mk; ghly; Fwpf;fpwJ. Ehw;wpj; njhz;Zhw;nwl;lhtJ ghly; jpUkhiy "My; mkH flTs;" vdf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

 

njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyk;NghyNt rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspilNa Nt&d;wp ,Ue;j topghL eLfy; tzf;fkhFk;. Gwg;ghly; 265 CUf;Fg; Gwj;Nj ,Ue;j jplypy; Ntq;if kyHfis nts;spa gde;Njhl;NlhL tputpj; njhLj;J khiyia mzptpj;J NfhtyH xU tPuDf;F fy; el;lijf; $WfpwJ. 

 

rq;f fhyj;jpy; FwpQ;rp epyj;jpy; eilngw;w NrNahd; topghL epynty;iyiaf; fle;J ehLKOJk; nrt;Nts; topghlhfg; gutpa fhyk; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpd; ,WjpahFk;. nghJthf ele;j nrt;Nts; topghL kJiuia mLj;Js;s jpUg;guq;Fd;wk;> Fkupf; flw;fiuia mLj;Js;s jpUr;nre;JhH> jpUthtpdd;Fb> jpUNtufk;> goKjpHNrhiy Kjypa CHfspy; rpwg;ghf topglg;gl;ld. ,jidf; filr;rq;f  ,yf;fpaq;fshd jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> gupghly; top njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; ts;spapd; ehafdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;l nrt;Nts; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpud; kfshd nja;tahidapd; ehafdhfTk; rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

 

FwpQ;rp epy kf;fspd; Fy nja;tkhd nrt;Nts; topghl;by; Ntypidf; ifapy; Ve;jp MLk; Ntyidf; nfhz;L kwpapidg; gypapl;Lf; FUjpnahL tputpa  gpuk;guprpapidAk;  jpidapidAk; gilj;J topgLk; KiwapidAk; ke;jpu kugpy; gpuhkzH nra;Ak; topghl;L KiwAk; vd ,Utif topghl;L KiwAk; ,lk; ngw;wnjd;gij NkNy nrhd;d jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilAk; gupghly; ,uz;bdhYk; mwpayhk;.

 

nrt;Nts; topghL NghyNt khNahd; topghL Ky;iy epynty;iyiaf; fle;J ehLKOJk; jpUkhy; topghlhfg; gutpa fhyk; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpd; ,WjpahFk;.  

 

MWKfehtyiug; nghWj;jstpy; Nty; fe;jRthkpapd; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; MAjk;> mJ fUtiw topghl;Lf;F cupajy;y vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; Ntiy mfw;Wk; mtuJ Kaw;rp ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. mJ NghyNt rpW nja;t topghL> fz;zfp topghL Mfpatw;Wf;F vjpuhf mtH vOg;gpa Fuy; vLglhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ehtyH fz;zfpia rkzr; nrl;br;rp vdj; jpl;bdhH.  

 

gpuhkzH irtrpj;jhe;j newpf;F Vw;g rpt jPl;ir> Mr;rhupa jPl;ir cilatuhfTk; Ntjhfkk;> Njthu jpUthrfk; Xjp czHe;jtHfshfTk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.

 

MWKf ehtyH fhyj;jpy; jpy;iy jPl;rjHfs; 63 ehad;khUf;F  G+ir nra;a kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;.  mtHfs; rpthfkq;fis epe;jpj;J mtw;wpy; $wg;gLk; jPl;irfspdhy; vJtpj gyDk; ,y;iynad;Wk; mJ fhuzkhfNt jhq;fs; rpthfkj;ij gpukhzkhff; nfhs;shkYk; jPl;ir ngwhkYk; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;Wk; jpy;iy Nfhapy; fpupiffs; ahTk; Ntjj;Jf;F kl;Lk; cupajhd itjPff; fpupiffNs vd;Wk; nrhy;yhly; nra;jdH.

 

,Nj Nghd;w epiy aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tho;e;j Nfhapy; mUr;rfHfsplKk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhNyNa rptjPl;ir ,y;yhj itjPfg; gpuhkzH ifahNy tpG+jp re;jdk; thq;fpg; G+r ehtyH kWj;jhH. rptjPl;ir cilNahH mt;thW ,y;yhNjhiu tzq;FtjpYk;> mtHfisr; rpuhHj;jk; Kjypatw;wpNy tUtpj;jYk; rpthfktpNuhnkdj; Jzpe;J ehtyH mtw;iwj; jtpHj;jhH.

 

NkYk; mtH njhlf;fpa rpjk;gu irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyfspNy Ntjk; nghJ Mfkk; rpwg;G vd;Wk;> itjPf khHf;fj;jpy; xOFNthH Gz;zpaNyhfq;fis miltHfnsd;Wk;> irtkhHf;fj;jpy; xOFNthk; gjKj;jpfisAk;> guKj;jpapidAk; miltHfs; vd;Wk;> ,tw;iw miltjw;Fj; jiyahajhd rptjPl;irapidg; ngw;Nwahf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehtyH gpurq;fpj;jhH. 

 

rpthfk newpapidg; Ngzp irt rkaj;ij tsHf;f ehtyH ghLgl;lhH. NtjNk ahtw;Wf;Fk; gpukhzkhf nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Nthupd; fUj;Jf;fis mtH mbNahL kWj;Jiuj;jhH. ,jd; xU $whf irtHfs; ahH vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzk; tFj;jhH.

 

“Rj;j rhl;Fz;zpa gupG+uzuhfpa gukgjp rptngUkhNd vd;W Jzpe;jtHfsha;> nfhiy> fsT> fs;Szy;> GyhYzy;> gpwd;kid tpiojy;> tiutpd; kfspH tpiojy;> ngha;r;rhd;Wiuj;jy; Kjypa ghtq;fs; ,y;yhjtHfsha;> ,uf;fk;> tha;ik> nfhil> Kjypa Gz;zpaq;fis cilaHfsha;> FUyf;fpzk; Fiwtw mike;j irtrhupaiu mile;J rptjPl;ir ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfsha;> tpG+jp cUj;jpuhl;jhuzk;> re;jpahte;jdk;> =gQ;rhl;ru n[gk;> rptj;jpahdk;> rpthya Nrit> rptypq;fG+ir> FUthf;fpa gupghydk;> kNfRu G+ir Kjypatw;iwr; rpthfktpjpg;gb nka;ad; NghL nra;gtHfsha; cs;stHfNs irtHfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtH. (ngupaGuhz trdk;)

 

ehtyupd; tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;F mika xOFk; irtHfs; ahuhtJ ,d;W ,Uf;fpwhHfsh vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. rhjhuz irtHfs; Nghfl;Lk;. ehtyH itj;Js;s ,e;jj;  NjHtpy; Nfhapy; mUr;rfH vtNuDk; fiuNaWthHfNsh njupahJ!

 

kfhftp ghujpahH ghba ghly; tupfs; “ghHg;gd Fyk; nfl;lopT va;jpa ghoile;j fypAfkhjyhy; NtHg;g NtHg;gg; nghUs; nra;tnjhd;iwNa Nkd;ik nfhz;l njhopnydf; nfhz;ldd;” ,d;Wk; nghUj;jkhfNt cs;sd. 

 

,d;W irtupy; 99 tpOf;fhl;bdH rptjPl;ir ngwtpy;iy> cUj;jpuhl;rk; mzptjpy;iy> re;jpahte;jdk; nra;tjpy;iy. njhz;ZhW tpOf;fhl;bdH GyhYzT cz;;fpwhHfs;! Mz;fspy; 50 tpOf;fhl;bdH fs;Sz;ZfpwhHfs;!

 

jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; 63 ehad;khH G+ir nra;a kWj;jjw;F mtHfspy; rpyH fPo;r; rhjpapduhf ,Ue;jikNa fhuzkhFk;. 

 

mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfspy; ngw;whd; rhk;gd; (ee;jd;) gpwg;gpdhy; GiyaH  rhjp. mNj Nghy; fz;zg;gd; fhl;by; tpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahb tho;e;j  Ntld;> jpUePyfz;l aho;g;ghzH ghzH>  jpUePyfz;l ehadhH FatH> Re;ju%Hj;jp ehadhH guj;ijaH Fyj;jpy; gpwe;j guitahiuj; jpUkzk; nra;jtH. mjpgj;j ehadhH EisaH (kPd; gpbg;gtH) jpU%y ehadhH> Mdha ehadhH ,UtUk; ,ilaH> Vdhjp ehadhH rhd;whH> fypa ehadhH nrf;fhH. vQ;rpatHfs; murH> me;jzH> MjpirtH> NtshsH vd ntt;NtW tFg;gpduhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

 

,jpy; ee;jd; jpy;iytho; jPl;rfHfshy; capNuhL vupj;Jf; nfhy;yg;gl;ltH vd;gJ epidT nfhs;sj;jf;fJ. ee;jd; jpy;iyf; NfhapYf;Fs; cs; Eise;j 9tJ thry; ,d;Wk; G+l;lg;gl;Lf; fplf;fpwJ. Nfhapy; jPl;Lg;gl;L tpl;lNj fhuzkhFk;. xNunahU ee;jdhy; KOf; NfhapYNk jPl;Lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;gJ rupahdhy; jpy;iyf; Nfhapiy tpl ee;jd; ma;aUf;F (ngupaGuhzk; vOjpa Nrf;fpohH mg;gbj;jhd; ee;jid milnkhop nfhz;L miof;fpwhH) Mw;wy; mjpfk; cz;L vd;W nfhs;syhkh?

 

ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;aTk; ghuhazk; gz;zTk; topghbaw;wTk; kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; ehtyupd; fLk; fz;ldj;Jf;F MshdhHfs;.

 

“;,f;fhhyj;J ];khHj;jg; gpuhkzUs;Ns gyH mWgj;J%d;W ehad;khiu topglf; $Rfpd;whHfs;. mtHfSila cw;rtq;fspNy NtjghuhazQ; nra;ahJ kWf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfSila mUik ngUikfisr; rpwpJk; rpe;jpahJ mtHfis Ntz;bathW epe;jpf;fpd;whHfs;. ma;aa;Nah ,J vt;tsT mjpghjfk;? X irtrkapfNs> cq;fnsjpNu 63 ehad;khHfis epe;jpf;Fk; ];khHj;jHfisf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L> mtHfisj; jiyFdpa itj;J mtHfs; thia milAq;fs;” vd;W 5 tpdhf;fisg; ehtyH gl;bay; gLj;jpdhH.

 

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs; vd ehtyuhy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;NlhH ahtH? ( tsUk;)

 

 

 

 

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

 

ehy;Ntjj;jpd; rhuNk irtk;!

 

(4)

 

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs; vd;NghH Ntjj;jpd; fHkfhz;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;WgtHfs;. Ntjk; kl;LNk mtHfsJ gpukhzkhFk;.

 

];khHj;j vd;w tlnrhy; FU nrhd;dij epidtpy; itj;jpUg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;il cUthf;fpa Mjp rq;fuH (8 Mk; Ehw;whz;L) Nfusj;jpy; fyb vd;w Cupy; gpwe;j ek;G+jpupg; gpuhkzH MthH.

 

rq;fuupd; mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gpd;gw;WNthH ngUk;ghd;ik ];khHj;j gpuhkzuhf ,Ug;gjhy; ,uz;Lk; (mj;Jitjk;> ];khHj;jk;) ,d;W xNu nghUspy; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

 

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzupy; xU gpuptpdH itztH MthH. GNuhfpjk; nra;Ak; ];khHj;jH  jk; Fyj;jhHf;F kl;LNk GNuhfpjk; nra;tH. gpuhkzH my;yhjhUf;Fg; GNuhfpjk; nra;ahH. mjw;nfdj; jdpg; gpuptpdH csH. (jkpoH ehfupfKk; gz;ghLk; - gf;fk; 527)

 

rq;fuNu rptid topgLk; irtk;> jpUkhiy topgLk; itztk;> rf;jpia topgLk; rhf;jk;> fzgjpia topgLk; fhzhgj;ak;> #upaid topgLk; rTuk;> KUfid (];fe;jd;) topgLk; fTkhuk; Mfpa 6 rkaq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;jtH.

 

mj;Jitjk; nghUspay; cyfk; khia> gpuk;kk; cz;ik> gpukj;jpy; ,Ue;J Ntwhd Md;khf;fs; ,y;iy> gpukk;jhd; midj;Jkha;j; njupfpwJ> gpukKk; capHfSk; gpupg;gpd;wp cs;sd> mit ,uz;by;iy xd;Wjhd; (,Ujpwd; md;ik) vd;fpwJ.

 

rq;fuupd; mj;Jitjf; Nfhl;ghL "gpurd;d gTj;jk;" vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Gj;jH rkar; rlq;FfisAk; capHf; nfhiy nra;J elj;Jk; Nts;tpr; rlq;FfisAk; vjpHj;Jg; gug;Giu nra;jhH. capH nfhy;yhik tpujj;ijg; Nghjpj;jhH.

 

'Nts;tpapy; gypaplg;gLk; Fjpiu> khL Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs; RtHf;fj;Jf;Fg; Nghfpd;wd vd gpuhkzHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. mJ cz;ikahdhy; mtHfs; jq;fs; jha; je;ijaiu Nts;tpapy; gyp nfhLj;J RtHf;fj;Jf;F mDg;gyhNk' vdg; Gj;jH fhl;lkhff; flhtpdhH.

 

mjd; vjpnuhypahfNt gpuhkzHfs; Nts;tpfspy; tpyq;Ffisg; gypapLk; tof;fj;ijAk; GyhYzitAk; iftpl;ldH.

 

Ntjj;jpd; njhlf;f fhykhd fHk fhz;lj;jpy; Jitj nfhs;iff;fhd rlq;FfSk; Nts;tpfSNk typAWj;jg;gl;ld. cgepljq;fspy;jhd; Gwtag;gl;l 'fHk fhupaq;fs;' xJf;fpj; js;sg;gl;L> mftag;gl;l mj;Jitj rpe;jid rpwg;gpj;Jg; Ngrg; gLfpwJ.

 

rq;fuHjhd; ,e;J kjj;Jf;F Kiwahd jj;Jt ,ay; Njhd;whj fhyj;jpy; Gjikahd Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;fpatH. ehk; fhZk; cyfk; khia vd;whH. ,Uspy; gSij ghk;ghfj; njuptJ Nghyg; gpuk;kk; cyfkhfj; njupfpwJ. Mdhy; mJ cz;ikay;y. Jhf;fj;jpy; fdT fhz;fpNwhk;. fdTyfpy; tho;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; fz; tpopj;jJk; fdT fz;lJ nka; vd;whYk; fdtpy; ele;jit  ngha;ahfp tpLfpd;wd. mJ Nghy tpopg;gpy; kha cyfpy; tho;fpNwhk;. ,t;thW  rq;fuupd; rpf;fyhd khahthjj;Jf;F tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fpwhHfs;. 

 

ehtyH rq;fuupd; mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;il Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf xU flTs; Nfhl;ghl;il typAWj;Jk; Rj;jhj;Jtpj Nfhl;ghbid Kd;dpWj;jpdhH.

 

“mj;JtpjkhtJ Md;kNghjKk; fz;nzhspAk; Nghyr; rptKk; Md;khTk; jk;Ks; ,uz;lw xw;Wikg;gl;L epw;wy;. gpukKk; Md;khTnkdg; nghUspuz;by;iy xd;Nwnadf; $WtH khahthjpfs;. rptKk; Md;khTk; NtW nghUnsdTk; mt;tpU nghUNs ,uz;nld Ntw;Wg;glhJ mJtpJtha; xw;Wikg;gl;L xd;wha; epw;F nkdTq; $WtH irtrpj;jhe;jpfs;. mj;Jtpj nkd;DQ; nrhw;F ,uz;bd;ik nadg; nghUs; nfhs;tH khahthjpfs;. ,uz;ld;iknadg; nghUs; nfhs;tH irtrpj;jhe;jpfs;” vd vd Rj;jhj;Jtpj Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F ehtyH tiutpyf;fzk; $WfpwhH.

 

rq;fuH Njhw;Wtpj;j rq;fu klq;fspd; gPlhjpgjpfshd rq;fuhr;rhupahHfs; ];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs;. ];khHj;jHfs; cUt topghl;bw;F vjpuhdtHfs;. Mdhy;> eilKiwapy; mtHfs; cUt topghl;ilg; NgZfpwhHfs;.

 

,e;J rkaj;jpy; Ntjk; rhHe;j rka topghL> Ntjk; rhuhj rka topghL vd ,Utpj topghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Ntjk; rhHe;jJ MupaHfSf;Fk; Ntjk; rhuhjJ jpuhtplHfSf;Fk; cupaJ vd;fpwhHfs;. Ntjk; rhHe;j Nts;tpr; rlq;Ffis cs;slf;fpa topghL epfkk; vd;Wk; Ntjk; rhuhj G+ir topghL Mfkk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.

 

jw;NghJ ,e;J - irtf; Nfhapy;fspy; epfkk; Mfkk; ,uz;ilAk; xd;whf ,izj;J G+iriaAk; Nts;tpr; rlq;FfisAk; xd;whfr; nra;fpd;wdH.

 

jq;fs; nry;thf;if caHj;jpf; nfhs;sNt FUf;fs;khH jhq;fs; MupaNtjpaH (gpuhkzH) ,dj;ijr; NrHe;j irt me;jzH (gl;lH) vd;wdH. jkpo;nkhopiaj; js;sptpl;L kf;fs; mwpahj tlnkhopapy; vy;yhr; rlq;FfisAk; elj;jpdH. Nfhapy;fspy; nja;tq;fspd; jkpo;g; ngaHfis khw;wp tlnkhopg; ngaHfisr; #l;bdH. Co;tpidahy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fisj jf;f gupfhuj;jhy; Nghf;FNthk; vd;wdH. Md;khitg; gw;wpa Kk;kyq;fisAk; jPf;ifahy; jPHg;Nghk; vd;wdH.

 

irtk; vdpd;  rptj;ijj; jOtpaJ vd;gNj nghUshapDk; cyf tof;fpy; irtk; vd;why; Gyhy; cz;zhik vd;gNj nghUshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. (rpttopghL – gf;fk; 45)  

 

mbg;gilapy; ,e;J rkak; MupaUila Ntj rkaNkahFk;.  irtrkaj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; mjpy; NgusT Mupa Ntj rkaf; $WfSk; rpw;wsT jpuhtplf; $WfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ePUk; G+Tk; nfhz;L nra;ag;gLk; jpUkhy; topghLk; KUf topghLk; jpuhtplf; $Wfshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

 

gpw;fhyj;jpy; jpUkhy; topghLk; KUf topghLk; KiwNa MupauJ fhj;jy; flTs; tp\;ZNthLk; NghHf; flTs; ];fe;jNdhLk; ,izf;fg;gl;ld.

 

fe;jRthkpf;F ts;sp - nja;thid vd;w ,U NjtpaH tha;j;jjw;F ,e;j ,izg;Ng fhuzkhFk;.

 

irt rkak; Ntjk; rhHe;jJjhd; vd;gjw;F rka FutHfs; ghba Njthu jpUthrfj;jpNyNa rhd;Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

 

jkpofj;jpy; rkzk;> gTj;jk; ,uz;Lk; gutp Ml;rp nra;j fhyj;jpy; rptnewpia epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhf rk;ge;jH> mg;gH> M&uhH> khzpf;fthrfH Njhd;wpdhHfs;.

 

jkpo;ehl;by; rkzKk; gTj;jKk; fpgp 7 Mk; Ehw;whz;Ltiu ve;jtpj vjpHg;Ngh Nghuhl;lNkh ,d;wp ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. 

 

jpUQhdrk;ge;juJ tho;f;ifiag; gw;wpf; $Wk; ngupaGuhzk; mtH Ntjnewp gutTk; rptdbahHfspd; kuG nghypTwTk; mtjupj;jjhfr; nrg;GfpwJ.

 

Ntnewp jioj;Njhq;f kpFiritj;Jiw tpsq;fg;

G+jguk; giunghypa Gdpjtha; kyHe;jOj

rPjts tay;Gfypj; jpUQhdrk;ge;jH

ghjkyH jiyf;nfhz;L jpUj;njhz;L guTthk;  (ng. Guhzk; 34-1)

 

irtrkak; Ntjj;jpd; gad; vdg; ngupa Guhzg; ghly; 1219 kpfj; njspthfr; nrhy;fpwJ.

 

kz;zpd; gadhk; ey; ,irAk;

     ghypd; gadhk; ,d;RitAk;

fz;zpd; gadhk; ngUF xspAk;

     fUj;jpd; gadhk; vOj;JmQ;Rk;

tpz;zpd; gadhk; nghopkioAk;

     Ntjg; gadhk; irtKk; Nghy;

kz;zpd; gadhk; mg; gjpapd;

     tsj;jpd; ngUik tuk;G cilj;Njh!

 

irtk; Ntjj;jpd;  cs;Siw (cl;nghUs;) vd ,d;ndhU ghly; (ng. Guhzk; 1837) njuptpf;fpwJ.

 

Ntj cs;Siw Mad tpupGdy; Ntzp

ehjH jk;ikAk; mtHmb ahiuAk; eae;J

ghjk; mHr;rid GuptJk; gzptJk; vd;Nw

fhyhy; mit ,uz;LNk nra;fUj;J cilahH.

 

irtrka FutHfspy; xUtuhd rk;ge;jH "Ntj ehd;fpDk; nka;g;nghUshtJ ehjd; ehkk; ekr;rpthaNk” vd;W NeubahfNt ehy; Ntjj;Jf;Fk; irtj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpupf;f Kbah cwitr; nrhy;fpwhH.

 

rk;ge;jH NghyNt Vida FutHfSk; jk; ghly;fspy; Ntjj;jpy; cs;s Qhdghjj;ij vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. rk;ge;jH jd;id 'ehd;kiw ty;y Qhdrk;ge;jd;" vd;W $wpf;nfhs;fpwhH. Ntjk; vOjhf; fpotp> rk;ge;jH ghbaJ "vOJk; kiw" vd;W Nrf;fpohH ngupa Guhzj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

 

rka FutHfs; jpy;iytho; me;jzHfs; NtjNkhjp> moNyhk;gp ,iwtid topgl;lijf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;.  (irtrkaj; Njhw;wKk; tsHr;rpAk; - mjpfhuk; 3)

 

Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; jhNk Njhd;wpait> mjhtJ kdpjdhy; ,aw;wg;glhky; rptngUkhdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lit vd;W irt rpj;jhe;jk; $WfpwJ. mjidj; jpUKiwfs; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sd.

 

irt rpe;jhj;Jf;F Kjy; Ehy; nka;fz;l NjtH vOjpa rptQhdNghjk; MFk;. Mdhy; ,e;j Ehy; tlnkhopapy; cs;s ,nust Mfkj;jpy; ght tpNkhrdg; glyj;jpy; rptQhd Nghjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; #j;jpuq;fSf;F Neupilahd tlnkhopr; #j;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

 

,jpy; vJ Ke;jpaJ vJ gpe;jpaJ vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpopy; nka;fz;l NjtH vOjpa rptQhd Nghjj;ijj;jhd; tlnkhopapy; nkhopngaHj;Jr; NrHj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;gJ irt rpj;jhe;jpfsJ thjkhFk;.

 

jkpopYs;s irtrpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuq;fs;> tlnkhopr; nrhw;fs;> fUj;Jf;fs;> jj;Jtq;fs; epiwa vLj;Jf; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd. rptQhdNghjk; vd;w nrhy;ypy; fhzg;gLk; rptd;> Qhdk;> Nghjk; tlnkhopr; nrhw;fshFk;. ,j;jpahjp fhuzq;fshy; irt  rpj;jhe;jKk; Vida> ,e;jpa jj;Jt Kiwfs; Nghy tlnkhop %yKila NghYk; vd;w fUj;J mwpQHfspilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. (jkpoH rka tuyhW- gf;fk; 205-206)

 

nka;fz;lupd; FUthf tpsq;fpa rfyhfk gz;bjNu (jpUj;JiwA+H rjhrpt rpthrhupahH) gpd; mtuJ khzhf;fuhfpwhH. mjd; gpd; mtuJ ngaH mUze;jp rpthrhupahH Mapw;W. ,tNu rptQhdrpj;jp> ,Ugh ,Ug/Jk; vd;w ,uz;L irt rpj;jhe;j jj;Jt Ehy;fis ,aw;wpatH.

 

mUze;jp rpthrhupahupd; khztH kiwQhdrk;ge;jH> mtUila khztH ckhgjp rpthrhupahH. ,tH gjpdhd;F nka;fz;l rhj;jpuq;fspy; 8 rhj;jpuq;fis vOjpatH. ,tNu rptQhd Nghjj;jpw;F ciu nra;jtH MthH. 'Ntjhe;jj; njspthk; irt rpj;jhe;jk;' vd;W $wp Ntjj;Jf;Fk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;Jf;Fk; cs;s njhlHigf; fhl;LfpwhH. ckhgjp rpthrhupahH jpy;iy jPl;rfHfspy; xUtH.

 

irtj;Jf;Fk; ,e;J rkaj;Jf;Fk; mjpf NtW ghL ,y;iynad;gijAk; Kd;dJ gpd;djpy; ,Ue;J Njhw;wk; ngw;wij vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt NkNy cs;s juTfis  vLj;Jr; nrhd;Ndd;.

 

nrd;w Ehw;whz;by; irtk; jkpoHfSila rkak; vd kiwkiy mbfshH epWt vLj;j Kaw;rp ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH Fd;wf;Fb mbfshH vLj;j Kaw;rpAk; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy.

 

xU ehs; ckhgjp rpthrhupahH Nfhapy; G+iria Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L gy;yf;fpy; tPL jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. murd; mspj;jpUe;j mjpfhug;gb Fil> nfhb> rhkuk;> jPtl;b Nghd;wtw;iw Ve;jp mtH gpd;dhy; gzpahl;fs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jdH.

 

mg;NghJ 'gl;l fl;ilapy; gfw;FUL VFJ ghuPH' vd;nwhU FUy; Nfl;lJ. jhk; gy;yf;fpy; Vwpr; nry;tijAk; Kd;dhy; jPtl;b Ve;jpr; nry;tijg; ghHj;Nj mt;thW $wg;gl;lij ckhgjp czHe;jhH. clNd gy;yf;if tpl;L ,wq;fp mf; FuYf;Fupatiuj; Njbr; nrd;whH. mt;thW $wpatH kiwQhd rk;ge;jH MthH.

 

ckhgjpiar; Nrhjpf;f vz;zpa rk;ge;jH nerthspfs; tho;e;J te;j xU njUtpy; GFe;J ghTf;F thHf;Fk; fQ;rpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jpf; Fbj;jhH. ckhgjp rpwpJk; jaq;fhky; mtUila Koq;if topNa xOfpa fQ;rpiaj; jk; ifahy; thq;fpg; gUfpdhH. rk;ge;jH mtiuj; jd; rPldhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH.

 

,jid mwpe;j jpy;iy %thaputH ckhgjpiag; gpuhkz r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; Cupdpd;Wk; tpyf;fp itj;jdH. ehad;khHfspy; xUtuhd ngj;jhd; rhk;gd; ckhgjp elj;jp te;j jpUklj;Jf;F tpwF ntl;bf; nfhz;L te;J nfhLj;jtd;. mtDf;F ckhgjp epHthz jPl;ir nra;a mtd; clNd Kf;jp ngw;whd;.

 

ckhgjp mtidf; nfhd;Wtpl;ljhf murDf;F Kiwaplg;gl;lJ. murd; me;j mw;Gjj;ij kPz;Lk; nra;J fhl;LkhW ckhgjpf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhd;.

 

Kf;jpf;Fj; jFe;jtH ahUk; mq;F ,y;yhikahy; xU Ks;spr; nrbf;F Kf;jp nfhLj;J mij kiwar; nra;jjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

 

,d;Wk; rhjp ghuhl;Ltjpy; jpy;iyj; jPl;rjHfs; tplhg;gpbahf epw;fpd;wdH. ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;aTk; ghuhazk; gz;zTk; topghbaw;wTk; kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; ehtyupd; fLk; fz;ldj;Jf;F MshdhHfs; vd;gij Vw;fdNt ghHj;Njhk;.

 

",f;fhyj;jhH jq;fs; jq;fs; fUj;Jf;fpira ele;j gpuhkzHfs; vj;Jizg; ghjfHfshapDk; mtHfisNa Nkd;kf;fnsd;W gpujpl;il G+ir jpUtpoh Kjypad nra;a epNahfpf;fpwhHfs.; ekJ irtrkapfs; xw;WikAilaHfsha;j; jpuz;L> Njthyaq;fnsq;Fk; irthfkq;fspy; tpjpj;j ,yf;fzq;fsike;j gpuhkzHfisf; nfhz;Nl gpujpl;lk; G+ir jpUtpoh Kjypatw;iw tOthJ ,aw;Wtpj;jYk;........."

 

ehtyiug; gop jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s ,uhkypq;f mbfshUf;Fk; MWKf ehtyUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ele;j mUl;gh - kUl;gh nrhw;Nghupy; jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; mbfshH gf;fk; epd;W ehtyiu tha;f;F te;jgb itjhHfs;. (tsUk;)   

 

 

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

 

Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!

 

(5)

 

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk; rpjk;guk; ,uhkypq;fg;gps;is (1823 – 1874) mtHfs; jpUtha; kyHe;jUspa ghly;fs; jpUtUl;gh vd miof;fg;gLk;. rpjk;guk; ,uhkypq;fg;gps;is vd;gij tpl tlYhH ,uhkypq;f mbfs; vd;w ngaNu gpd;dhy; gpugy;akhfptpl;lJ.

"mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp jdpg; ngUk; fUiz’ vd;dk;  ke;jpuk; Mz;ltd; mspj;jJ vd;W nrhd;d mbfshH rhjp> rkar; rof;FfSf; nfl;lhj Nrhjp newpahd Rj;j rkur rd;khHf;fj;ij topfhl;bdhH. rhjp mjd; kWgf;fkhd jPz;lhik ,Wf;fkhff; filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L (Mjpjpuhtpld; njUtpy; vjpupy; tuKbahJ) te;j mtuJ fhyj;jpy; ‘rhjp fpilahJ> jPz;lhik fpilahJ> gpwg;gpy; vy;NyhUk; rkNk” vd;W nrhy;ypr; rkge;jp czT nra;tpj;jhH. itjPf irtrkapfs; mjidg; ghHj;J mbfshH kPJ rpdk; nfhz;lhHfs;!

mbfshH rpj;Jf;fs; iftug; ngw;wtH vd;W nrhy;fpwhHfs;. jdJ rpj;Jf;fs; %yk; jPuhj Neha;fisj; jPHj;jhH vd;fpwhHfs;. mbfshH rpj;Jf;fs; nra;J cly; Nehiaj; jPHj;jhNuh ,y;iyNah grpj;j capHfSf;F cztspg;gJ vy;yhg; Gz;zpaq;fSf;Fk; NkyhdJ vd;W cgNjrpj;J te;jhH. gl;bdp fple;J grpahy; nkype;J gho;gLk; kf;fisg; ghHj;J mtH cs;sk; thba gapiug; Nghy; thbf; fiue;jJ.

thba gapiuf; fz;lNgh njy;yhk;
     thbNdd;> grpapdhy; ,isj;Nj
tPLNjh wpue;Jk; grpawh jaHe;j
     ntw;wiuf; fz;Lsk; gijj;Njd;
ePba gpzpahy; tUe;Jfpd;NwhHvd;
     NeH cwf; fz;Lse; Jbj;Njd;
<bd;kh dpfsha; Viofsha; neQ;
     rpisj;jtH jikf;fz;Nl ,isj;Njd;

vj;JizAk; NgjKwhJ vt;TapUk;
     jk; capHNghy; vz;zp cs;Ns
xj;Jupik cilatuha; ctf;fpd;whH
     ahtH mtH cse;jhd; Rj;j
rpj;Jtha; vk;ngUkhd; elk; GupAk;
     ,lk; vd ehd; njspe;Njd; me;j
tpj;jfHjk; mbf;Nfty; Gupe;jpl vd;
     rpe;ij kpf tpioe;j jhNyh!

,uhkypq;f mbfs;> md;djhd rhiy xd;iw mikj;J kf;fsJ grpg; gpzpiag; Nghf;fpdhH. me;j md;djhd rhiy tlYhUf;F tUfpw Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fsJ tapw;Wg; grp jPHf;f ,d;Wtiu njhlHe;J eilngw;W tUtij 1982 ,y; tlYhH nrd;w NghJ Neupy; ghHj;J kfpo;r;rp mile;Njd;.  

1865 Mk; Mz;L ,uhkypq;f mbfshH “rkur Ntj rd;khHf;f rq;fk;” vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fpdhH. gpw;fhyj;jpy; me;jg; ngaiu “rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;f rj;jpa rq;fk;” vd;W khw;wpakj;jhH. ,e;jg; Gjpa rq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ffshf mtH mwptpj;jit> kf;fs; gpd;gw;wf;$ba kpf vspa nfhs;iffshFk;.   

flTs; xUtNu!  

flTis cz;ikahd md;Gld;> xsp tbtpy; topgl Ntz;Lk;.  

rpW nja;tq;fspd; ngauhy; capHg;gyp nfhLf;ff;$lhJ. 

khkpr czt cz;zf;$lhJ. 

rhjp> kj NtWghL $lhJ. 

gpw capHfisAk; jd;DapH Nghy; fUj Ntz;Lk;. 

grpj;j capHfSf;F czT mspj;J Mjupg;gJk; capHf;nfhiy nra;ahj gz;Gkhfpa rPtfhUz;a xOf;fj;ijf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. 

rPtfhUz;a xOf;fNk Ngupd;g tPl;bd; jpwTNfhy;.

“gf;jp te;jhy; Gj;jp Ngha;tpLk;" vd;wtH je;ij ngupahH. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH Mo;e;j gf;jpapNy %o;fpj; jpisj;J> gpd; njspe;J ntspNawpa xUtH.  

tlY}Uk; <NuhLk; vd;w rpWE}y; xd;iwj; jpUf;Fws; KDrhkp mtHfs; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ntspapl;bUe;jhH. mjpy; ts;syhH $wpAs;sjhtJ:

“nja;tj;Jf;Ff;> if> fhy;> thfdk;> MAjk;> tbtk;> cUtk; ,Uf;Fkh? ,J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfNt Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; cs;s ngupatHfs; vd;W ngaupl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfSk; cz;ik mwpahJ> fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L mg;gbNa cswp ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.' (gf;fk; .21)

“ehd; Kjypy; irt rkaj;jpy; yl;rpak; itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ ,t;tsT vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. ehd; ghba KjyhtJ jpUKiwapy; ed;whfj; njupAk;. Vd; mg;gb mt;tsT mOj;jk; ,Ue;jJ vd;why;> mg;NghJ vdf;F mw;g mwpNt  ,Ue;jJ....... mjdhy; ,dpNky; rPtHfshfpa ehk;> tpiue;J tPz; Nghfhky; cz;ik mwpT> cz;ik md;G> cz;ik ,uf;fk; Kjypa Fzq;fisg; ngWNthk;' vd;W $wpAs;shH. (gf;fk; .14)

 

,uhkypq;f mbfSk; irtrkaj;jtH. MWKf ehtyUk; irt rkaj;jtH. Kd;dtH rhjp kj NtWghL #J vd;fpwhH. gpd;dtH jhk;  vOjpa irt tpdhtpilapy; “vtHfsplj;jpNy Nghrdk; gz;zyhfhJ?” vd;w tpdhTf;F tpilahf “……….. jho;e;j rhjpahuplj;jpYk;… Nghrdk; gz;zf;$lhJ” vd;fpwhH!

 

Kjyhk; ghy ghlj;jpy; “ey;nyhOf;fk;” vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jPz;lj; jfhj rhjpahiuAk; …. jPz;bdhYk;……cLj;j t];jpuj;JlNd ];dhdk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;” vdTk; Njthya juprdk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jpUf;NfhapYs;Ns Nghtjw;F Nahf;fpaHfsy;yhj rhjpahHfs;…….” vd;fpwhH!

 

,e;j ,Utupy; ahH cz;ikahd irtH (,e;J)? ,uhkypq;f mbfshuh? MWKf ehtyuh?

 

,uhkypq;f mbfshH NkYk; jkJ rkur rd;khHf;f newpia tpsf;Ffpd;whH.

 

“rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; ngha;nad Mjpapy; .czHj;jpa mUl; ngUQ;Nrhjp”

 

“rkak; FyKjw; rhHngyhk; tpLj;j> mkak; Njhd;wpa mUl;ngUQ; Nrhjp”

 

“capH vyhk; nghJtpd; csk;gl Nehf;Ff> nray; vyhk; tpLf vdr; nra;a rptNk!”

 

“kjj;jpNy mgpkhdk; nfhz;L coy;Ntd;> Fyj;jpNy ,op kyj;jpDk; filNad;!”

 

“khdk; Nkyplr; rhjpNa kjNk tho;f;ifNa vd thupf; nfhz;L miye;Njd;!”

 

“rhjp kjk; rkankDk; rq;flKk; tpl;lwpNad;> rhj;jpur; NrwhLfpd;w rQ;ryk; tpl;lwpNad;!” .

 

“$Wfpd;w rkankyhk;> kjq;fnsy;yhk; gpbj;Jf; $Wfpd;whH> gyd; xd;Wk; fz;lwpahH> tPNz ePWfpd;whH> kz;zhfp ehWfpd;whH mtHghy; ePLyfpy; mope;Jtpl epidj;NjNdh?”

 

“Ntjnewp Mfkj;jpd;newp ,itfs; vy;yhk; #J XJfpd;wd!”

 

“fiyAiuj;j fw;gidNa epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk; fz;%b tof;fnkyhk; kz; %bg;Nghf!”

 

“rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; jtpHj;Njd;> rhj;jpuf;Fg;ig Ae;jzpe;Njd;!”

 

“mwptpNyd; vy;yhk; mwpe;jtd;Nghw; gpwHf;F ciuj;Njd; kiyAW rkatiy mfg;gl;Nl kaq;fpa kjpapNdd;....... “

 

“kUshd gw;gy khHf;fq;fs; vy;yhk; topJiw njupakhky; kz;%bg;Nghr;R.....”

 

“kjnkd;Wk;> rkankd;Wk;> rhj;jpuq;fnsd;Wk;> kd;Dfpd;w NjtH vd;Wk;  gw;gytpj kha; tpupe;j tpjk; xd;Wk; njupahJ kaq;fpatd; jdf;Nf......> mUspiwNa> rjk; vd;Dk;.........rhw;Wk;!”

 

“nfhs;istpidf; $l;Lwtha;f; $l;ba gy; rkaf; $l;lKk;> mf;$l;lj;Nj $Lfpd;w fiyAk;> fs;sKWk; mf;fiyfs; fhl;ba gy; fjpAk;> fhl;rpfSk; fhl;rpjU flTsUk; vy;yhk;> gps;is tpisahl;L vd ed;F mwptpj;J!”

 

“rhjpapNy kjq;fspNy> rkaq;fspNy rhj;jpur; re;jbfspNy Nfhj;jpur; rz;ilapNy MjpapNy mgpkhdpj;J miyfpd;w cyfPH!”

 

“ehy;tUzk; M];ukk; Mrhuk; Kjyhk;> etpd;w fiyr;rupjk; vyhk; gps;is tpisahl;Nl> Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!”

 

“,ay; Ntjhfkq;fs;> Guhzq;fs;> ,jpfhrk; ,it Kjyh ,e;jpu[hyk; filaha; ciug;ghH> kaYW E}y; khj;jpue;jhd; rhynkd mwpe;jhH kfNd eP E}yidj;Jk; rhynkd mwpf!”

 

“kjj;jpNy kaq;fh kjpapNy tpise;j> kUe;ij.. “

 

“rkaKk;> kjKk; fle;NjhH Qhdrig eldk; Gupfpd;w jdpia...”

 

“gbg;glf;fp> rhjp kjk; rkak; vDk; rof;ifAk; tpl;llf;fp....... “

 

“,e;jr; rhjp ,e;j kjk; vDk; tha;r; rof;ifnayhk; jtpHj;j> cj;jkNd....”

 

“gpj;JWk; rkag; gpzf;FWk; mtHf;Fg; ngupJk; mupjhfpa NgNw!”

 

“kjk; gpbj;jtnuy;yhk; tha;g;gpbg; Gz;L te;J epw;fpd;wdH tha;jpwg;gpg;ghd;

fjk; gpbj;jtnuy;yhk; fLk; gpzpahNy> fyq;fpdH Mo;e;jdH cyk;GWfpd;whH va;te;jJd; nghopj;j tHf;fwptUs;tPH!”

 

“nja;tq;fs; gy gy rpe;ij nra;thUk;> NrH fjp gy gy nrg;Gfpd;whUk;      

nka;te;j jpUtUs; tpsf;fk; xd;wpy;yhH> Nky;tpistwpfpyhH tPz; fopf;fpd;whH!”

 

“ntwpf;Fk; rkaf; Fopapy; tpo> tpiue;Njd; jd;id tpohjtif>                

kwpf;Fk; xU NgH mwpT mspj;jha;!”

 

“kjj;jpNy rka tof;fpNy> khia kUl;bNy> ,Ul;bNy                       

kwthf;fjj;jpNy kdj;ij itj;J tPz; nghOJ fopf;fpd;wPH!”

 

“kjk; vd;Dk; Nga;gpbj;jhl;l MLfpd;whH rhfhj fy;tp fw;Fk; juk; ,tHf;Fk; csNjh? rhjprkaq;fspNy tPjp gy tFj;j> rh];jpuf; Fg;igfs; vy;yhk; ghj;jpuk; md;nwdNt Mjpapy;...mwptpj;jgbNa'

 

“,Ul;rhjpj; jj;Jtr; rhj;jpuf; Fg;ig> ,Utha; Gd;nrapy; vUthf;fpg; Nghl;L> ,Ul;rhjpr; rkaq;fs; kjq;fs; Mr;rpuk tof;nfy;yhk; Fopf;; nfhl;;b kz; %bg; Nghl;L...... mUl;Nrhjp tPjpapy; Mlr; nra;jPNu!

 

cz;ik mwpT> Mokhd md;G> mUs;> fz;Nzhl;lk; Kjypad kf;fsplj;jpy; ve;jg; NgjKk; ,d;wp epyt Ntz;Lk; vd;WjhNd je;ij ngupahH Kjw;nfhz;L gFj;jwpTthjp  ,yq;ifad;tiu nrhy;fpwhHfs;. ,itjhd; xU rkaj;jpd; Nfhl;ghL vd;why;> Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;why;> nfhs;if vd;why; me;jr; rkak; vd;Nghd;NwhUf;Fk; Kw;wpYk; rk;kjNk!

 

“fiyQH fUzhepjpapy; ,Ue;J ez;gH ,yq;ifad; tiuapyhd> jk;ikg; gFj;jwpTthjpfs; vdg; gpufldg; gLj;Jfpd;wtHfs;………. (,jpy; cs;s vs;sy; xU Gwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. m/jhtJ ,tHfs; cz;ikahd gFj;jwpTthjpfs; my;yH ntWkNd jq;fis mg;gbr; nrhy;ypf;; nfhs;gtHfs;)  Vd;  irtrkaj;ij khj;jpuk; jdpj;njLj;Jj; jhf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;Fk; mjpgH fdfrghgjp mtHfs; vijr; irt rkak; vd;fpwhH? mbfshupd; rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;fkh? my;yJ ehtyupd; Nky;tUzk; Njhy;tUzk; ghHf;Fk; itjPf Ntjhfkkh?

 

,jw;F tpil nrhd;dhy;jhd; irtrkaj;ij khj;jpuk; jdpj;njLj;J Vd; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfs;tpf;F gjpy; nrhy;tJ Rygkhf ,Uf;Fk;. (tsUk;)

 

 

 

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

mUl;gh kUl;;gh nrhw;NghH

(6) 

MWKf ehtyH ( 1822-1879) mtHfSk; ,uhkypq;f mbfshUk; ( 1823-1874)  rkfhyj;jtH vd;gJ njupe;jNj. ,UtUk;  irt rkaj;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; rpe;jidapy; ,U JUtq;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldH.

Vw;fdNt $wpathW ehtyH Ntjhfkq;fs; rptdhy; mUsg; ngw;wit vd kdjhu ek;gpdhH. mjdhy; Ntjhfkq;fs; mtuJ gpukhz Ehy;fshf mike;jd. me;j Ehy;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s rhjp tUz Ngjj;ijj; Njt thf;fhf epidj;J mjd;gb ehtyH NgrpAk; vOjpAk; xOfpAk; te;jhH.

,uhkypq;f mbfshH ve;jr; jj;Jtr; rpf;fy;fSf;Fs;Sk; rpf;fpl kWj;jhH. “Ntjnewp Mfkj;jpd;newp ,itfs; vy;yhk; #J XJfpd;wd!” vdf; Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH. “rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; ngha;nad Mjpapy; .czHj;jpa mUl; ngUQ;Nrhjp” vdg; fiue;JUfpdhH.  

“ehy;tUzk; M];ukk; Mrhuk; Kjyhk;> etpd;w fiyr;rupjk; vyhk; gps;is tpisahl;Nl Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!”

“fiyAiuj;j fw;gidia epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk; fz;%bg; gof;fnkyhk; kz;%bg; Nghf”

vd;nwy;yhk; mbfshH Koq;fpdhH.

vdNt rkak; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;by; tl JUtk; njd; JUtk; Mf tpsq;fpa ,UtUk; Nkhjpf; nfhz;ljpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy. capHg;gyp ,LtJ gw;wp kl;LNk ,UtUk; xj;j fUj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdH.

irt rkak; gd;dpU jpUKiwfisNa mUl;gh vdg; Nghw;wp te;jJ. mg;gbapUf;f rpy Myaq;fs; Njthu jpUthrfq;fis epWj;jp tpl;L ,uhkypq;f mbfshH ghba mUl;ghf;fisg; ghl Vw;ghL nra;jd. Mdhy;> MwKf ehtyuhy; mjidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. mtw;Wf;F vjpuhfg; NghypaUl;gh kWg;G vd;w fz;ld mwpf;ifia ntspapl;lhH. mjpy; rkahr;rhupahHfSila ngUikfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L ,uhkypq;fk;gps;is me;j mbahHfNshL vt;thW rkj;Jtg;gLthH vdf; flhtpdhH.

ehtiyiug; nghWj;jstpy; rHtNyhf ehafuhfpa rptngUkhdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSf;F khwhf elg;gtHfs; ahuhapUe;jhYk; mtHfisj; jdJ vjpupfshfg; gHHf;Fk; kdg;Nghf;F mtuplk; ,Ue;jJ.  

MWKfehtyH gpuge;jj; jpul;L vd;w Ehiy vOjpa Nt. fdfuj;jpd cghj;jpahaH ehtyiug;gw;wpg; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhH.   

“aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s gpuGf;fisahtJ kw;iwr; rhkhdpa rdq;fisahtJ NkthJ ,g;ngUe; njhlf;fq;fisj; njhlq;fpdhuhjdhYk;> rHtNyhf ehafuhfpa rptngUkhdhNy tpjpf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSf;F khwhf elg;gtHfs; gpuhkzuhfpapUe;jhYk; irtFUkhuhapUe;jhYk; gpuGf;fshapUe;jhYk; Rw;wj;jhuhfapUe;jhYk; kpj;jpuuhapUe;jhYk; vtiuAk; jhl;rzpakpd;wp mt;tg;NghJ fz;bj;jjdhYk; vj;jpwj;jhUk; mtHkPJ nghwhikAq; NfhgKq;nfhz;L mtUf;Fk; mtuJ njhlf;fq;fSf;Fk; tpNuhjkhf mNdf ,ilA+Wfir; nra;jhHfs.;”

,uhkypq;f mbfs; gw;wpAk; mtuJ jpUtUl;gh vd;w Ehy; gw;wpAk; ehtyH gpd;tUkhW fz;bj;J vOjpdhH.

“jw;fhyj;jpy; fUq;Fop ,uhkypq;fgps;is nad;gH jhk; rpthEG+jp (mDgt Qhdk;) ngw;wtnud;W cyfj;jhH ek;gpj; jk;ik topgLk; nghUl;Lr; rpy ghly;fisg; ghb mitfSf;Fj; jpUtl;ghntd;Wk;> jkf;Fj; jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhnud;Wk; jhNk ngaupl;Lf; nfhz;Lk; jk;Kila khzhf;fUs; xUtuhNy jkf;Fj; jpUtUl;gh tuyhnwd xU GuhzQ; nra;tpj;J ,Wjpapw; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;Lk; mr;rpw; gjpg;gpj;J tpf;fpuaQ; nra;tpf;fpd;wdH. rkahrhupaHfNshL rkj;Jt Kilanud;Wk; mtH ghliyj; Njthu jpUthrfq;fNshL rkj;Jt Kilanjd;Wk; ghuhl;bf; nfhz;Lk;  mEl;lhdk; G+ir rptjuprd Kjypad nra;Aq;fhyq;fspy; Xjpf; nfhz;Lk; tUfpd;whHfs;. rpyNghJ nrd;id gl;lzj;Js;s rpthyaq;fspy; cw;rtj;jpNy Njthu Kjypa mUl;ghf;fis epWj;jptpl;L ,uhkypq;fgps;is ghliyNa XJtpf;fpd;whHfs;.

,t; Viofs; ,g;gb kaq;fpf; nfLjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,uhkypq;fgps;is jpUtUs; ngw;wtnud;W mtH ghlypYk; mtH khzhf;fH ghlypYQ; nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jYk; ,uhkypq;fgps;isf;F ,urthje; njupAnkd;Wk; mtH gy mw;Gjq;fisr; nra;fpd;whnud;Wk; mtUk; mtH khzhf;fHfSk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L jpupjYNkad;wp Ntwpy;iy.   (NghypaUl;gh kWg;G)

ehtyiu Mjupj;Jg; gy irtg; ngupahHfs; fz;ld Ehy;fis vOjp ntspapl;lhHfs;. md;iwa irt MjPdq;fs; ehtyUf;F NguhjuT mspj;jd vd;gij ,q;F Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; rptngUkhdhNyNa mUsg; ngw;wd vd;gJ irtrpj;jhe;jpfsJ mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahFk;. MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yhj irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cs; nghUl;fs; MW. mitahtd-

    gjp (rptd;)

    gR (capHfs;)

    ghrk; (Nghfg; nghUl;fs;)

    Mztk; (mwpahik)

khia (mz;lg; gilg;Gf;fhd xU %yg; nghUs;. xd;iw Ntnwhd;whff; fhl;Lk; xU kaf;fk; vd;W khiaf;F Ntjhe;jk; $Wk; nfhs;ifiar; irtrpj;jhe;jk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy)

fd;kk; (Kd;tpidg; gad;)

Mdhy; gd;dpUjpUKiw mg;gbay;y. mJ nkhj;jk; 29 rka MrpupaHfshy; ,aw;wg; ngw;wit my;yJ ghlg;ngw;wit MFk;.

vdNt ,uhkypq;f mbfshH ghba jpUtUl;ghit gd;dpU jpUKiwfNshL rkj;Jtkhfg; ghHg;gjpy; ve;j tpy;yq;fKk; ,y;iy. mg;gbr; nra;tjhy; vJTk; Fb KOfpg; NghfhJ. Mdhy; itjPf irtuhd ehtyUf;F me;jg; ngUe;jd;ik ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhy; Gwr;rkakhd fpwpj;jtj;ij vjpHj;Jg; Nghupl;l ehtyH> ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; “rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;fk;”  vd;w mfr; rkaj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; NghHKid xd;iwj; jpwe;J NghuhbdhH!

rhjp cl;gl gytw;wpy; rkaFutHfSk; re;jhdFutHfSk; kw;Wk; jpUKiw MrpupaHfSk; xU nkd;Nghf;ifNa filg;gpbj;jhHfs;. mjdhy;jhd; Ntldhd  fz;zg;gd;> tiyQuhd mjpgf;jH> Fatuhd jpUePyfz;lH> giwauhd jpUehisg;NghthH (ee;jd;) tz;zuhd jpUf;Fwpg;Gj; njhz;lH KjypNahH 63 ehad;khH tupirapy; NrHf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.  

,e;j nkd;ikg; Nghf;iff; $l  ehtyuplk; fhz Kbatpy;iy. mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;a jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfs; (,tHfSk; ehad;khH gl;baypy; NrHf;fgl;Ls;shHfs;) $RfpwhHfs; vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;ba ehtyNu ehad;khHfs; topte;jtHfisj; jPz;lg;glhjtH vd;W fUjp ele;jJjhd; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.

ehtyH kPJ ntWg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;j jpy;iyj;; jPl;rfHfs; vjpupf;F vjpup ez;gd; vd;w tpjpg;gb ,uhkypq;f mbfisj; jk;NkhL NrHj;Jf; nfhz;L rpjk;guj;jpy; xU $l;lj;ijf; $l;bdH. $l;lj;jpy; ,uhkypq;f mbfs; cl;gl vy;NyhUk; ehtyiu ehtpy; te;jgb fLikahf itjhHfs;.

“ehtyH vd;why; eh ,y;yhjtH> ehtpdhy; myH cz;lhf;FNthH> ehtpdhy; Jd;gg; gLtH” vd ,uhkypq;fs mbfs; ehtyH vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhnud;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfspy; rpyH ehtyiu mbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPHkhdpj;Jf; nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;lhHfs;.

,d;W $l jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfspd; Nghf;F khwtpy;iy. jq;fSf;Fg; gpbf;fhjtHfis> mtHfs; irt gf;jHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; mbf;fpw gof;fk; mtHfsplk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,d;iwa ,e;J kjk; ghHg;gdpa Nkyhz;ikiaAk; Ruz;liyAk; ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. rhjp ntwp nfhz;lJ. njhl;lhy; jPl;L ghHj;jhy; jPl;L vd;w jPz;lhikia mbehjfkhff; nfhz;lJ> ehtyH cl;gl jkpoHfisr; #j;jpuH (mbikfs;)  vdg; gl;lk; #l;b itj;Js;sJ. mtw;iw Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mwpTk; khdKk; ,oe;j ,dk; cyfpy; jkpopdk; Nghy; Ntnwe;j ,dKk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

rpjk;guk; eluhrH Nfhtpypy; Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;> rptGuhzk; ghl mDkjp ,y;iy. mg;gbg; ghLtjhf ,Ue;jhy; fPNo epd;Wjhd; ghl Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ,y;iy NkNy epd;Wjhd; jpUKiw XJNtd; vd;W Nghuhba rpjk;guj;ijr; NrHe;j Md;kPfg; ghlfH tp. MWKfrhkp jPl;rfHfshy; ieag;Gilf;fg;gl;L kUj;Jtkidf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhH. fhaq;fSf;Fg; Nghl;l gj;Jf;fNshL mtuJ Gifg;glq;fs; VLfspy; ntspte;jd.  

jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfs; MWKfrhkpia mbj;J kUj;Jtkidf;F mDg;gpaNjhL epw;ftpy;iy. NfhtpYf;Fs; EioaTk; jil tpjpj;J tpl;ldH. NtW topapd;wp MWKfrhkp ePjp Nfl;Lr; nrd;id caH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Fj; njhLj;jhH. ,e;j tof;F ePjpgjp b. KUNfrd; Kd;dpiyapy; tprhuizf;F te;j NghJ vy;yhf; Fbkf;fisg; Nghy MWKfrhkp NfhtpYf;Fs; nry;yyhk; vd;W ePjpgjp cj;jutpl;lhH.

Nfhtpypy; mtH ghLtJ Fwpj;J mspj;j kDit ,e;J rka mw epiyaj;Jiw MizaH ghprPypj;J 2 khjj;jpy; Kbitj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtH Mizapl;lhH.     

irtHfs; Njthu jpUthrfq;fis jiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;WfpwhHfs;. mit irtj;jpd; gpukhzq;fs; vd;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; me;jj; Njthu jpUthrfq;fisj; jpy;iyf; Nfhapypy; ghlj; jPl;rfHfs; jil NghLfpwhHfs;. ,/J ,e;J kjk; gpuhkzHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ jkpoHfSf;F me;epakhdJ vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

jkpio ePr nkhopnad;Wk; jkpoHfis ePr ,dk; vd;Wk; jkpo;ehL gpuhkzH rq;fk; ntspapl;l “mUe;njhz;lhw;wpa jkpof me;jzHfs;” vd;Dk; EhYk; fhQ;rp rq;fu klj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l “jkpof me;jzH tuyhW” vd;Dk; EhYk; gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;sd.

jdpj;jdpahf ,e;j Ehy;fs; ntspte;jhYk; mtw;wpd; Kjd;ik MrpupaH> MrpupaH FO ,uz;Lk; xd;Nw!

,d;iwa etPd ,e;Jj;Jth nfhs;iff;F muz; NrHg;gJ Nghy; jkpof me;jzH tuyhW vd;w Ehypd; Nky; ml;ilapy; gpd;tUk; ehd;F thf;fpaq;fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.

    1)  MupaH vdg;gLNthH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jhHfs; vd;w $w;W Rj;jg; ngha; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epWTfpwJ.

    2)    jkpo; ehL cs;spl;l ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzHfs; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epWTfpwJ.

    3)   MupaH-jpuhtplH Ntw;Wik vd;w thjk; ntWk; fw;gid vd;W ,e;j Ehy; njuptpf;fpwJ.

    4)    Ntj fhy ehfupfkhfpa gz;ila gpuhkzH ehfupfNk> cyfNk GfOk; ,e;jpatpd; ehfupfk; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epiy epWj;JfpwJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; FbNawp> jkpo;ehl;bd; fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;J> jkpo;ehl;bd; jz;zPiuf; Fbj;J thOk; gpuhkzHfs; jkpoHfsJ nkhop ePr nkhop vd;Wk; jkpoHfs; ePr ,dk; vd;Wk; ,opT gLj;Jtijapl;Lk; tuyhW jpupf;fg;gLtijapl;Lk; nfhQ;rk; $lf; ftiyg;glhJ jd;khdj;ijj; njhiyj;J tpl;l mbikfs; Nghy; jkpoHfs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. (tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

Ntjq;fs; Gdpjkhditah? my;yJ fhl;Lkpuz;bfspd; cswy;fsh?  

(7) 

MupaH vdg;gLNthH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jhHfs; vd;w $w;W Rj;jg; ngha;> jkpo;ehL cs;spl;l ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzHfs;> MupaH-jpuhtplH Ntw;Wik vd;w thjk; ntWk; fw;gid> Ntj fhy ehfupfkhfpa gz;ila gpuhkzH ehfupfNk> cyfNk GfOk; ,e;jpahtpd; ehfupfk; vd;W fhQ;rp rq;fu klj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l jkpof me;jzH tuyhW vd;Dk; Ehy; epiy epWj;JfpwJ vd;w tuyhw;Wj; jpupG thjj;ijg; ghHj;Njhk;.

MupaHfs; te;NjW Fbfs; vd;gij kiwf;fNt mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; vd tuyhw;iwj; jpupf;fg; gpuhkzHfs; jPtpu Kaw;rp nra;J tUfpwhHfs;. jkpo;ehL cl;gl ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzH (MupaH) vd;gJ ey;y gfpbahFk;. mjpYk; jkpo;ehl;bd; Mjpf; Fbkf;fs; gpuhkzH vd;gJ jpwikahd Mdhy; ey;y eifr;Rit MFk;.  gpuhkzHfsJ caHit epWTtjw;F tuyhw;iwj; jpupj;J vOj KidtJ Njitaw;w jpUg;gzpahFk;.

MupaH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jtHfs; vd;gNj ngUk;ghd;ik tuyhw;W MrpupaHfsJ epiyg;ghlhFk;. mg;gb ,y;iy mtHfs; ML khL Fjpiufis Nka;j;Jf; nfhz;L ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;jtHfs; vdf; fUJNthUk; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.  

MupaHfs; ntspapy; ,Ue;J Eioatpy;iy: mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; G+HtPfkf;fs; vd;w vjpHkiw thjk; mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ,e;Jj;Jt rf;jpfshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;Jj;Jt rf;fjpfs; vd;W ehd; Fwpg;gpLtJ MH.v];.v];. (,uh\;jpupa RaNrtf; rkh[k; - 1925;) tpvr;gp (tp];t ,e;J gup\j; - 1964) kw;Wk;  g[;wq; jhy; (Bajrang Dal) Nghd;w ,e;J mikg;Gf;fisNa. ,tw;Wf;F Kd;Ndhb mikg;Gf;fNs gpukrkh[k; (1828) MHa rkh[k; (1875)  gQ;rhg; ,e;J rig (1907-1909) kw;Wk; ,e;J kfhrig Mfpa mikg;Gf;fshFk;.

,e;jf; fhtp mikg;Gf;fspd; murpay; KfNk ghujpa [djh fl;rpahFk;. ghujpa [djhf; fl;rp jpuhtplf; fl;rpfspd; MjuNthL Ml;rpf;F te;j gpd;dNu MupaHfs; te;NjW Fbfs; my;y mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs;> MupaHfs; ,e;J ru];tjp ejpg; gs;sj;jhf;F ehfupfj;jpd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; vd tuyhw;iwj; jpupj;J vOJk; gzp KLf;fp tplg;gl;lJ. gs;spf;$lg; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fs; jpUj;jp vOjg;gl;ld. rk];fpUj Mz;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lk;> gy;fiyf; fofq;fspy; Nrhjplg; gl;lg; gbg;G MfpaitAk; gh.[. fl;rpapd; jpUg;gzpfNs!

MupaHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fs; FbNawpa tuyhw;iw vOjg; GFe;jhy; ,e;jf; fl;Liu jpir jpUg;gg;gl;L tpLNkh vd;w mr;rk; vOe;jhYk; ,e;J kjj;ijAk; mjd; Jhz;fshd ehy; Ntjj;ijAk; ehy; tUzj;ijAk; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; ghHg;gJ tho;T Vd; vg;gb vg;NghJ tLthdJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpaj; Jizahf ,Uf;Fk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.

Ntj ehd;fpDk; nka;g;nghUshtJ ehjd; ehkk; ekr;rpthaNk vd;W rk;ge;jH njhlq;fp vy;NyhUk; mjid cr;rp kPJ itj;J nkr;RfpwhHfNs mg;gb vd;djhd; mtw;wpy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij myrp Muha;e;J ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;J rkaj;jtH nfhz;lhLtJ Nghy Ntjq;fs; Gdpj Ehy;fsh? my;yJ mit fhl;Lkpuhz;bfs; Nrhkr; rhw;iwf; Fbj;J tpl;L ntwpapy; jq;fs; vjpupfis mlf;F! rpd;dh gpd;dg;gLj;J! kilaHfis mf;fpdpr; Rthiyahy; Rl;Lg; nghRf;F! rpj;jputij nra;! ehH ehuhff; fpopj;njwp! Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;L! nfhy;Y vd cswpa cswy;fsh vd;gij cq;fs; KbTf;F tpl;L tpLfpNwd;.  

cz;ikapy; jq;fis ,e;Jf;fs; vd;Wk; irtHfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;gtHfSf;F ,e;jr; rkaq;fs; gw;wpa tuyhw;W mwpT kpfr; nrhw;gNk.   mtw;wpd; mbg;gilj; jj;Jtq;fs gw;wpa mwpT mijtpl kpfr; nrhw;gNk.

rupif fpupif Nghd;w rlq;FfisNa ,e;Jf;fs; rka newpfshff; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. mbg;gil jj;Jtq;fis mwpahj ,iwgw;Wg; gadw;w ntWk; Mlk;guNk vd;fpwhH ‘rpttopghL’ vd;w Ehiy vOjpa jpU. fp. goepag;gdhH. ,tH jpU. go. neLkhwdpd; je;ij MthH. vdNt ,e;j rkaq;fsJ tuyhW kw;Wk; jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tiuayhk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.

MupaHfs; .fpK 1500-1000 Mz;lstpy;  kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; ,Ue;J  ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; ifgH fztha; (Khyber Pass) top Eioe;jhHfs; vd;gNj nghJthf tuyhw;W MrpupaHfshy; xj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l fUj;jhFk;. Mdhy; kj;jpa Mrpahtpd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jhHfs; vd;gjpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd.

1) kj;jpa Mrpahf; fz;lj;jpy; thy;fh ejpf;fiuapYk; ,d;iwa fUq;fly; kw;Wk; f];gpad; fly; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapYk; tho;e;j  Mupa G+Ht FbapdH ma;Nuhg;gh kw;Wk; Mrpah ehLfspy; FbNawpdhHfs;. mtHfspy; xU gFjpapdH Nkw;F Nehf;fpr; nrd;W ma;Nuhg;ghtpy; FbNawpdhHfs;. mt;thW FbNawpatHfs; cNuhkHfs; MfTk; fpNuf;fHfs; MfTk; cUg;ngw;whHfs;. rpyH JUf;fpapy; FbNawp Hittites vd;w ngaNuhL tho;e;jhHfs;. NkYk; rpyH njw;F-fpof;Fj; jpirfspy; nrd;W FbNawpdhHfs;. ,tHfspy; rpyH ,uhdpy; (ghurPfk;) jq;fpdhHfs;.

2) ,e;Njh-<uhdpa vy;iyg; gFjpfspYk;> fhe;jhuk; (,d;iwa Mg;fhdp];jhd;) `huhtjp (ruRtjp) gFjpapYk; tho;e;j ,e;Njh – Mupa nkhop NgrpatHfs; gbg;gbahf ,e;J rkntspf;Fr; nrd;W FbNawpdhHfs;.

3) Ntj Muha;r;rpapy; rpwe;jtHfspy; xUtuhd ghyfq;fhju jpyfH tlJUtg; gpuNjrkhd MHbf; kfhrKj;jpuj;ij aLj;j xU ehl;bypUe;J MupaHfs; ma;Nuhg;gh KOtJk; gutpf; filrpapy; ,e;jpahTf;F te;jjhff; $WfpwhH.

,t;thW ,e;jpahtpy; FbNawpatHfs; MupaHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH.

fpK 1500 ,y; ghurPfk; vd;w ehL ,Uf;ftpy;iy. kf;fs; njhifAk; fhy; eilfSk; ngUfp tpl;ljhy; epyj;jpd; Njit mjpfupj;j fhuzj;jhy; <uhdpy; ,Ue;J n`g;jh `pe;J (rg;j rpe;J) gFjpfSf;Ff; FbNawpdhHfs;. ,e;jf; FbNaw;wk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; mnt];jh vd;w mtHfsJ rka Ehypy; cs;sd.   

KfkJ egp (fpgp 570-632) ,we;j xU Ehw;whz;L fhyj;Jf;Fs; mtUf;Fg; gpd; Ml;rpf;F te;jtHfs; gilnaLg;gpd; %yk; ,];yhk; kjj;ij ntF Ntfkhfg; gug;gpdhHfs;. rpupah> N[hlhd;> ghy];jPdk;> vfpg;J> ,ypgpah> ,uhf;> my;[Pupah> nkhwf;Nfh> ,Rg;ghdpah> rPdh> ,e;jpahtpd; tlNkw;Fg; gpuNjrk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Nghupy; Njhw;w ehl;L kf;fs; ,];yhk; kjj;ijf;  jOtf; fl;lhag; gLj;jg;gl;lhHfs;. kjk; khw kWj;jtHfs; ]hfj; (Zakat) vd;w tup fl;lf; fl;lhag;gLj;jg; gl;lhHfs;.  

“my;yhit tpl NtW flTs; ,y;iy> KfkJ egp mtuJ JhJtH> ,e;j ,uz;ilAk; xg;Gf; nfhs;shjtHfs; kPJ NghH elj;JkhW jdf;Ff; flTs; fl;lis ,l;bUg;gjhf” KfkJ egp nrhd;dhH.   

,uhid K];ypk; gil ntd;W jq;fsJ gpbf;Fs; nfhz;L te;j NghJ ,];yhk; kjj;ijj; jOt kWj;j Nrhu];jPdpa kjj;jtH (Zoroastrians),e;jpahTf;F (7 Mk; Ehw;whz;by;)  Xbj; jg;gpdhHfs;. mtHfs;jhd; ,d;iwa ghHrpfs; MtH. Nrhu];jPdpaHfs; mf;fpdpia topgl;ltHfs;. ,t;thW ,e;jpahTf;F Xbj; jg;gpajw;F 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; mtHfsJ %jhijaH mNj ,e;jpahty; FbNawpaJ xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

Nrhu];jPdpa kjj;jpd; Gdpj Ehyhd mnt];jhtpd; nkhopAk;> ,e;jpa MupaHfspd; nkhopAk; xNu gz;ila nkhopapy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpait MFk;.   nrhw;fshy; kl;Lky;yhky;> Nfhl;ghLfspYk; cwT fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,U nkhopfspYk; ‘`’ vOj;Jk; ‘r’ vOj;Jk; ,lkhw;wk; nra;a ,ay;tjhf ,Ue;jJ mtw;wpdpilNa epytpa NtWghLfspy; xd;whFk;. Mdhy; ,e;j ,lkhw;wj;jpYk; xU njhlH epiy ,Ue;jJ. mnt];jh nkhopapy; N`hkh> j`h. n`g;jh> `pe;J> m`{uh vd;w nrhw;fSf;Fk; upf;Ntj fhy rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ,Ue;j Nrhkh> jrh> rg;jh> rpe;J> mRuh vd;w nrhw;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa xw;Wik ,Uf;fpwJ.

Mdhy; flTs;fSf;F ,Ug;gjhff; fw;gpf;fg;gl;litfs; jiyfPohf khw;wp mikf;fg;glJjhd; fle;j fhyg; Nghuhl;lq;fisr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lgtiahf cs;sd. ,e;jpud; mnt];jh nkhopay; xU jPatdhthd;. NjtHfSk; mj;jifa jPatHfNs. Mdhy; m`{uh vd;Dk; mRud; tzq;fj; jFe;j flTshf kjpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. upf; Ntjj;jpy; ,e;jpuDk; NjtHfSk; flTsHfshfTk; mRuHfs; jPatHfshfTk; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. (‘Deccan Chronicle -17-10-2005)

MupaHfs; kj;jpa Mrpahit mz;bAs;s gFjpfspy; ,Ue;Nj ,e;jpahTf;Ff; FbngaHe;jhHfs; vd;gij rhd;WfNshL vz;gpf;fNt mnt];jh nkhopf;Fk; upf;Ntj fhy rk];fpUj nkhopf;Fk; cs;s xw;Wikia vLj;Jf; fhl;bNdd;.

mt];jh nkhopNahL kl;Lky;y fpNuf;fk; ,yj;jPd; nkhopfNshLk; rk];;fpUj nkhopf;F neUq;fpa xw;Wik fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt rk];fpUjk; ,e;Njh-ma;Nuhg;gh nkhopf; FLk;gj;NjhL ,izj;Jg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ!

mJ kl;Lky;yhky; mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; elj;jg; ngw;w kugZr; Nrhjidfs; MupaHfSf;Fk; ma;Nuhg;gpaHfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwit epWTtjhf cs;sd.

.,uz;lhtJ cyf kfhAj;jk; ele;jNghJ n[Hkd; ehl;Lr; rHthjpfhup ,l;yH n[HkhdpaH  Mupa ,dj;jtH vd khHjz;bf; nfhz;lhH. mNj Nghy; ,e;jpag; gpuhkzHfspy; xU gFjpapdH ,d mbg;gilapy; ,l;yH jq;fSila ,dj;jtd; vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L mtid Mjupj;jhHfs; vd;gij ,q;F Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

gy;NtW fhuzq;fspdhy; `ug;gh- nkh`Q;rjhNuh ehfupfk; (rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;) mope;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpNyjhd; (fpK 1500) MupaHfs; ,e;jpahtpy; FbNawpdhHfs;.

,kakiyiaj; jhz;b ,e;jpahTf;Fs; Eioe;j MupaHfs; Kjypy; jpuhtplHfs; tho;e;j rpe;J ejpf;fiu rkntspapy;jhd; jQ;rk; GFe;Js;sdH.

MupaHfs; ,e;jpahit te;J mile;jNghJ mtHfs; gpuhkzHfshf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mtHfSf;F cUt topghL ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mtHfsplk; ehy;tUz Kiw ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

,e;jpah ntq;Fk; jkpoH ehfupfk; gutpapUe;jJ. 'jkpo;” vd;D nrhy;Ny Mupag; gpuhkzH thapy; ehsiltpy; jpupe;J jkpo;> jkps> j;ukpl;> j;uhtpl vd;W Mfpg; gpw;fhyj;jpy; jpuhtpl vd;W MfpaJ.

MupaHfs; xNu rPuhd Kiwapy; my;yhJ gy fhykhf gy fl;lq;fshf gy Nfhj;jpuq;fshf ,e;jpah te;jdH. aKid. fq;if ejpf;fiuapy;> Fwpg;ghf fq;if ejpf;fiuapy;; FbNawpdhH.fs;. MfNtjhd; Mupa ehfupfk; fq;if ejpf;fiu ehfupfk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

NghHf;fiyapy; NjHr;rp ngw;wpUe;j MupaH tl- ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;Jg; G+HtFbkf;fis (jpuhtpl ,dj;jtiu) Nghupd; %yk; mbikg; gLj;jpAk; ,zf;fkhd Kiwapy; cld;gl;Lk; gbg;gbahf Nkyhjpf;fk; ngw;wdH. MupaHfshy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;l G+HtFbkf;fs; #j;jpuH> jhrH> ataPjdH> fpk;jpd;fs; Nghd;w ,op ngaHfshy; miof;fg;gl;ldH. ,tHfs;jhd; cw;gj;jpapy; <Lgl;l cly; ciog;ghspfs; MtH.

MupaUf;Ff; fPo;g; gzpe;J tho kWj;jtHfs; kiyg; gFjpfspYk; fhLfspYk; FbGFe;J thoj; njhlq;fpdH.  mt;thW XbatHfSf;F MupaHfs; uh\]Hfs;> mRuH> ,af;fH> Fuq;Ffs; vdg; ngaH #l;bdhHfs;.

MupaHfspy; xU rhuhH Ntjk; XJjy;> Nts;tp nra;jy;> rlq;Ffs; nra;jy;> ey;y Neuk; ghHj;jy; Kjypa njhopiy Nkw; nfhz;ldH. ,tHfs; gpuhkzHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. ,d;ndhU rhuhH ghJfhg;gpy; <Lgl;lhHfs;. mtHfs;  rj;jpupfHfs; (murHfs;) vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis thq;fp tpw;wtHfs; itrpaHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH.

cly; ciog;gpy; <Lgl;ltHfs; ehd;fhtJ tUzkhd #j;jpuHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. ,jpy; cOJ Ntshz;ik nra;J thOk; NtshsUk; mlq;FtH. Ntjk; coTj; njhopiy ,opthff; fUjpaJ. ,d;Wk; coTj; njhopypy; <LgLk; gpuhkzHfisg; ghHf;f KbahJ. ,t;thW ,e;J rKjhaj;jpy; ehy; tUzg; gpupTk;  rhjpg; gpupTk; My;Nghy; jioj;J mWF Nghy; NtNuhbj; jioj;jd.  

ehtyH fhyj;jpy; Ntshsupy; xU gFjpapdH jq;fisr; rw;#j;jpuH vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L %d;whtJ tUzj;jpy; Nru Kaw;rpj;jhHfs;. mJ Kbatpy;iy. ehtyUk; mtHfis ehd;fhtJ tUzj;jpy; itj;J tpl;lhH.

GZhiyg; Nghl;lhy; tUzj;jpYk; rhjpapYk; xU gb cauyhk; vd epidj;Jg; G+Zhy; mzpe;J nfhz;l #j;jpuHfSk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;!

njhopy; mbg;gilapyhd ehy;tUz Kiw gpd;dH gpwg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; ehyhapuk; rhjpfshfg; gy;fpg; ngUfpaJ. jPz;lhik Njhd;wpaJ> jPz;lhik ma;e;jhtJ gpupthd gQ;rkiu cUthf;fpaJ.

tpag;G ahnjdpy; Ntjf; flTsH khwptpl;lhHfs;> topghLfs; khwptpl;ld. Mdhy; khwhky;  ,Ug;gJ ,e;J kjj;jpy; GiuNahbg; Ngha;tpl;l tUzrhjp mLf;FKiw mikg;Gj;jhd;.  

,d;Wk; ,e;j xU Fyj;Jf;F xU ePjp nrhy;Yk; nfhLik ePbf;fpwJ. mjw;Fr; rhl;rpahfNt tho;Tk; tLTk; MrpupaH ,yq;ifad; ,Uf;fpwhH. tUzhrhjp mikg;G NrkfukhdJ vd;Wk; mJ cyfpy; cs;s NtW ve;j kjq;fspYk; fhzg;glhJ ,e;Jkjj;Jf;F kl;LNk cupa jdpj;jd;ik vd;W gr;irahfNt> ve;jr; rg;igf;fl;Lk; ,y;yhky;> fhQ;rpg; ngupaths; = re;j;uNrfNue;j;u ru];tjp rq;fuhr;rhupahH Nkil NjhWk; jpUtha; kyHe;Js;shH! (nja;tj;jpd; Fuy;- gf;fk; 188)  (tsUk;) 

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

Guhzq;fs; MupaH jpuhtplH ,ilahd NghHfisr; rpj;jupf;fpd;wd

jpUkfs;

(8)

goik goik vd;W ghtid Ngr yd;wpg;
     goik ,Ue;j epiy – fpspNa
     ghkuH VjwpthH!

vd;W ghujpahH gr;irah xU cz;ikiar; nrhd;dhH.

ehy; Ntjk; ehy; Ntjk; vd;W $tpg; gpjw;wypd;wp me;j Ntjj;jpy; vd;d nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijj; jkpoHfs; gbj;Jg; ghHf;ftpy;iy.

Ntjj;ij #j;jpuH Xjf; $lhJ> gbf;ff; $lhJ> Nfl;ff; $lhJ> Nfl;lhy; mtd; fhjpy; ,Uk;igg; gOf;ff; fha;r;rp Cw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W kE ePjp rhj;jpuq;fs; nrhd;dJ xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

Ntjq;fs; ML khL Nka;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fhl;Lkpuz;bfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;j MupaH jq;fs; vjpupfis mopf;FkhW jq;fs; flTsplk; nra;j gpuhHj;jidr; nra;jpfisf; Fwpg;gpLtjhFk;. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fs; ngUk;ghyhdit Nrhkr;rhW vd;Dk; Nghijg; nghUisg; ngUikg;gLj;jg; ghba ghly;fshFk;. Nrhkr;rhW mgpidg; Nghd;W gy;NtW kaf;f vz;zq;fisj; je;J ntwpa+l;l ty;yJ. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; hallucination  vd miog;ghHfs;. me;jr; Nrhkr;rhW ‘Amanita Musa’ vd;Dk; fhshdpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;W MH. fhHld; thrd; vd;w mwpQH “Soma, Divine mushroom of immortality (New York Harcourt, Brace and World inc 1969). vd;Dk; E}ypy; $wpAs;shH.

,Uf;F Ntjk; neLq;fhyk; tha;nkhopahf mjhtJ ehNlhbg; ghly;fshf rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ghlg;gl;L te;jd. mjpy; fhzg;gLk; ghly;fs; xUtH my;yJ ,Utuhy; ghlg;gl;lit my;y> mit gyuhy; gy Mz;L fhyk; ghlg; ngw;W te;jit MFk;. mJ fp.K 500 ma; xl;bj; njhFf;fg; ngw;wJ vdpDk; mjpy; MupaHfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;j fhyj;Jr; nra;jpfSk; fpK 1200 ma; xl;b ,aw;wg; ngw;w ghly;fSk; NrHf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd flTs; topghl;bw;fhf #upaidAk;> ,e;jpuidAk; topglr; rk];fpUjj;jpy; ghbdH. ,e;j rk];fpUjk; ngUk;ghYk; <uhdpad; my;yJ mt];jh vd;w nkhopNahL neUf;fkhdJ! gpuhfpUj nkhopapDila fyg;gpdhYk; Gj;jH Ngrpa ghyp nkhopapDila fyg;gpdhYk; MupaHfSila rk];fpUjk; tsk; ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ!

,j;jifa fyg;G nkhopahd rk];fpUjj;jpy;jhd; upf;Ntjk; ghly; tbtj;jpy; tha; nkhopahfg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ! gpd;dH tha;nkhopahfr; nrhy;yg;gl;L te;j upf; Ntjk; gpuhkp tuptbtj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp vOj;JUtk; ngw;wJ.

MupaHfspd; ciueil nad;gJ aRHNtjj;jpy; jhd; Kjd; Kjy; ifahsg; gl;lJ.

,Uf;F (upf;)  Ntjj;ijj; njhFj;jtH tpahrH MthH. vdNtjhd; mtH Ntj tpahrH vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhH. ,tuJ je;ijahH guhruH MthH. ghl;ldhH trpl;lH MthH. tpahrupd; jhahH kPdtg; ngz;zhd kr;rfe;jp my;yJ rj;jpatjp MthH.

xUKiw gurhuH Xlj;jpy; vjpNuAs;s jPTf;F Xlj;jpy; nryT (gazk;) nra;Ak; NghJ me;j Xlj;ij typj;Jr; nrd;w kr;rfe;jpapd; mofpy; kaq;fp mtNshL $bajhy; tpahrH gpwe;jhH. ,e;j kr;rfe;jpiaj;jhd; gpd;dH ghz;ltUila ghl;ldhH Md re;jD fhjypj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhH.

gurhuHjhd; Ntj Nrhjpl Ehyhd gpup`j; gurhu Ehiy vOjpatH. guhruiutpl mtuJ gps;isahd tpahrHjhd; Ntj rkaj;jpy; kpfTk; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhH.

tp\;Ztpd; mtjhuk; vdf; fUjg;gLk; tpahrNu ,Uf;F Ntjj;ijg; aRH> rhkk;> mjHtzk; vd ehd;fhf tFj;jtH. NkYk;  ghujf; fijiag; ghbaJ> Ntjhe;jr; #j;jpuj;ij (gpuk #j;jpuj;ij) vOjpaJ> gjpnzz; Guhzq;fis ahj;jJ vy;yhk;  tpahrNu vdr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. fe;jGuhzk; cl;gl jkpopy; cs;s Guhzq;fs; vy;yhk; tlnkhopapy; vOjg;gl;ltw;wpd; nkhopngaHg;ghFk;.

,e;jg; Guhzq;fs; Mupa – jpuhtpl ,dj;jtHfSf;F ,ilapy; XahJ ,lk;ngw;w NghHfisr; rpj;jupg;gdthFk;.

fe;jGuhzk; jkpo;f; flTs; KUfDf;Fk; jpuhtpl #uDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,lk;ngw;w Nghiu rpj;jupj;jhYk; me;j KUfd; Mupaf; flTshd ];fe;jidNa Fwpf;fpwJ. 

m];jpdGuj;ij Mz;l re;jD murd; ,we;jNghJ mtdJ ,uz;L gps;isfspy; xUtdhd rpe;jpuhq;fjd; ,sikapy; ,we;J Nghdhd;. kw;wtd; mk;gpif> mk;ghypif vd;w ngz;fis kze;J Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhJ ,we;J Nghdhd;. re;jDtpd; cld;gpwg;G gP\;kH jpUkzk; nra;ahJ gpukr;rhupahf ,Ue;J tpl;lhH.

,jdhy; kr;rfe;jp (rj;jpatjp) ftiyapy; Mo;e;jhs;. muR thupR ,y;yhky; kiwe;J NghFk; mghak; Njhd;wpaJ. vdNt jdf;Fk;  guhruUf;Fk; gpwe;j tpahrUf;Fr; nra;jp mDg;gp mtiu muz;kidf;F tutioj;jhs;. tpahrUf;F muRf;F thupR ,y;yhJ Nghff; $ba mghak; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. KbT? tpahrH mk;gpif> mk;ghypif ,UtUld; $b kfpo;e;J  gps;is tuk; nfhLj;jhH! mk;gpiff;Fj; jpUjuhl;bidg; ngw;nwLj;jhs;. mk;ghypif ghz;Lit <d;nwLj;jhs;. 

jpupjuhl;bud; kidtp fhe;jhup. ,ts; xU khkpr Jz;lj;ijg; ngw;nwLj;jhs;. mjid tpahrH 100 rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b xU ghidf;Fs; itj;J %bdhH.  me;jj; Jz;Lfs; xt;nthU gps;isahfg; gpwe;jd. mtHfs;jhd; fTutH MthH. (kfhghujk;> MjpgHtk;> mj;jpahak; 114> RNyhfk; 17)

,t;thwhd mUtUg;ghd Mghrf; fijfis GuhzpfHfs; epiwa vOjp itj;Js;shHfs;. ,e;J rkak; Nghw;Wk; gy ,Ubfs; tpgrhuj;jpy; gpwe;jtHfs;jhd;. ghz;ltH $l tpgrhuj;jpy; gpwe;jtHfs;jhd;.

rptDk; tp\;ZTk; NrHe;J gps;is ngWtJk; ehujDk; fpU\;zDk; NrHe;J gps;is ngWtJk;> fpU\;zDk; G+khNjtpAk; GzHe;J gps;is ngWtJk; mtHfisf; flTsuhff; Fk;gpLtJk; ,e;J rkaj;jpy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpw myq;NfhykhFk;.

nrd;w thuk; ,e;Jf;fs; jPghtsp nfhz;lhbdhHfs;. ,e;j jPghtsp gw;wpg; Guhzk; vd;d nrhy;fpwJ?

xU fhyj;jpy; ,uzpahl;rd; vd;w xU mRud; cyfj;ijg; ghahfr; RUl;bf; nfhz;L Ngha; flYf;Fs; xspe;J nfhz;lhd;.

NjtHfspd; KiwaPl;bd;kPJ kfhtp\;Z gd;wp mtjhuk; (cU) vLj;J flYf;Fs; GFe;J mtidf; nfhd;W cyfj;ij kPl;L te;J tpupj;jhH.

tpupj;j cyfk; (g+kp) mg; gd;wpAld; fytp nra;a Mirg;gl;lJ.

Mirf;F ,zq;fpa gd;wp (tp\;Z) g+kpAld; fytp nra;jJ.

mjd; gadha; g+kp fHg;gKw;W eufh#ud; vd;w gps;isiag; ngw;wJ.

me;jg; gps;is NjtHfis tUj;jpdhd;.

NjtHfSf;fhf tp\;Z eufh#uDld; NghH Jtq;fpdhH.

tp\;Zthy; mtid nty;y Kbatpy;iy. fhuzk; eufh#ud; jdJ jhapd; ifahy; my;yhJ NtWahuhYk; nfhy;y Kbahjgb Vw;fdNt gpukhtplk; tuk; thq;fp tpl;lhd;.

clNd fhj;jy; flTshd tp\;Z ngupa rjpj; jpl;lk; jPl;bdhH. jdJ NjHr;rhujpahf ,uz;lhtJ kidtpahd rj;jpaghkhit (G+khNjtpapd; kW mtjhuk;) mkHj;JfpwhH. eufh#uNdhL elf;Fk; rz;ilapd; eLtpy; mk;G xd;W mtiuj; Jisf;fpwJ. clNd tp\;Z %Hr;ir Nghl;L tpOe;J tpLfpwhH.

cz;ikapy; mtH %Hr;irNghl;L tpotpy;iy. mg;gb ebj;jhH. ,jid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;shj rj;jpaghkh jdJ fztd;  cz;ikapNyNa %Hr;irahfp ,we;J tpl;lhH vd epidj;J tpl;LZtpd;  tpy;iy vLj;J eufhRud; kPJ mk;G va;jp mtidf; nfhd;W tpLfpwhs;.

,jdhy; NjtHfs; kfpo;r;rp mile;jhHfs;.

capH NghFk; jUthapy; eufh#dplk; ‘cdJ filrp Mir vd;d? vd;W rj;jpaghkh Nfl;fpwhs;.

'vdJ kiwe;j ehis kf;fs; vy;NyhUk; nfhz;lhl Ntz;Lk;" vd Ntz;LNfhis tpLf;fpwhd; eufh#ud;.

jkpoHfs; ,d;ndhU jkpodpd; ,we;j ehisf; nfhz;lhlyhkh? mJ jkpoHfspd; jd;khdj;Jf;F ,Of;fpy;iyah?

jdJ vjpupiaf; nfhy;tjw;Ff; FWf;F topapy; R+o;r;rp nra;fpd;w xUtiu flTs; vd;W miof;f KbAkh? Mdhy; GuhzpfHfs; mg;gbj;jhd; 'guk;nghUis' rpj;jupj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

ve;j Ntjj;ijg; gbj;Jg; ghHj;jhYk; ve;jg; Guhzj;ij vLj;Jg; ghHj;jhYk;  mRuHfs; NjtHfisf; nfhLik nra;jjhfTk;;> NjtHfisf; fhf;f flTs; mtjhuk; vLj;J ‘J\;lepf;fpufk;’ nra;jjhfTk; nrhy;fpd;wd.

cz;ikapy; ,itnay;yhk; md;iwa Mupa jpuhtpl ,dq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd NghiuNa Fwpf;fpd;wd.

,e;J rkaj;Jf; nrhe;jkhd Ntjq;fs; ,jpfhrq;fs;> Guhzq;fs; MupaH ehfupfk; milahJ fhl;Lkpuhz;bfshf thoe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lit vd;gij kdq;nfhz;lhy; ,g;gbahd fijfs; vOjg;gl;ljw;Fupa fhuzj;ijg; Gupe;J nfhs;syhk;.  

,tw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhy; “fiyQH fUzhepjpapy; ,Ue;J ez;gH ,yq;ifad; tiuapyhd> jk;ikg; gFj;jwpTthjpfs; vdg; gpufldg; gLj;Jfpd;wtHfs;> vLj;jjw;nfy;yhk; ,e;J kjj;ijNa Fiw $Wk; Nghf;fpid vd;dhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJs;sJ. ve;j  kjj;jpy;jhd; %l ek;gpf;iffSk; ,aw;iff;F xt;thj Nfhl;ghLfSk; nfhs;iffSk; ,y;iy? ,tHfs; Vd; irt rkaj;ij khj;jpuk; jdpj;njLj;Jj; jhf;f Ntz;Lk;” (Kd;Diu gf;fk; 21-22) vd mjpgH fdfrghgjp mtHfs; Nfl;fpwhHfs;.

,e;jf; Nfs;tpia MWKf ehtyupd; guk;giuapy; te;jtHfs; my;yJ mtuhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xOf;fyhWfis (ghfk; 3 – ahH irtH) filg;gpbj;J xOFgtHfs; Nfl;bUe;jhy; mjpy; nghUs; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

NkYk; ehNlhWk; R+upad; cjpf;f ma;e;J ehopiff;F Kd;Nd epj;jpiu tpl;nlOe;J tpG+jp jupj;Jr; rptngUkhidj; Njhj;jpuQ; nra;J nfhz;L ghlq;fisg; gbj;jy;> mjw;Fg; gpd; jpUf;NfhapYf;Fj; J}ukha; cs;s jdp ,lj;jpy; gfypNy tlf;F KfkhfTk;> ,utpNy njw;F KfkhfTk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L kyryq; fopj;jy;>  jiyaAq; fhJfisAk; t];jpuj;jpdhNy Rw;wp> %f;F Edpiag; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;L nksdkhf ,Ue;J kyryq; fopj;jy;> nfhiy> fsT> fs;Sf; Fbj;jy;> khkprk; Grpj;jy;> ngha; NgRjy;> tpagprhuk;> R+jhLjy; Kjyhditfs; ePf;fp nts;is epw tpG+jp tlf;F KfkhfNtDk;> fpof;F KfkhfNtDk; ,Ue;J nfhz;L epyj;jpNy rpe;jh tz;zk; mz;zhe;J 'rptrpt' vd;W nrhy;yp> tyf;ifapd; eLtpuy; %d;wpdhYk; new;wpapNy jupj;jy;> kJ ghdKk;> khkpr NghrdKk; ,y;yhjtuha;> Mrhuk; cilatuha;> rptjP¨f;\ ngw;wtuha; cs;stu; ];uPgQ;rhf;\uj;jpNy E}w;nwl;L cUthapDk;> gj;J cUthapDk; epakkhf Koe;jhs; ,uz;ilAk; klf;fp> fhNyhL fhiy mlf;fp> ,lj;njhilapd; cs;Ns tyGwq;fhiy itj;J> ,uz;L fz;fSk; %f;F Edpiag; nghUe;j> epkpu;e;jpUe;J nfhz;L nrgpj;jy;> cUj;jpuhf;\ kzpia nghd;dhapDk;> nts;spahapDk;> jhkpukhapDk; Kj;jhapDk;> gtskhapDk;> gspq;fhapDk; ,ilapilNa ,l;L> Kfj;NjhL KfKk;> mbNahL mbAk; nghUe;jf; Nfhu;j;Jj; FLkp> jiy> fhJfs;> fOj;J> khu;G> Gaq;fs;> iffs;> G+Z}y; jupj;jy;> FLkpapYk; G+Z}ypYk; xt;nthU kzpAk;> jiyapNy ,Ugj;jpuz;L kzpAk;> fhJfspNy xt;nthU kzp my;yJ mt;thW kzpAk;> fOj;jpNy Kg;gj;jpuz;L kzpAk;> Gaq;fspNy jdpj;jdp gjpdhW kzpAk;> khu;gpNy E}w;nwl;L kzpAk; jupj;jy;> FLkpAk; G+Z}Yk; xopj;j kw;iwj; jhdq;fspNy mt;tj;jhdq; nfhz;l msT kzp jupj;jy; MfpadNt irt rkaj;jtHfSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s epj;jpa xOf;fkhFk;.  (irt tpdhtpil)

Mdhy; mjpgH fdfrghgjp mtHfs; MWKf ehtyH tpjpj;j md;whl topghl;L tpjpfisNah my;yJ tUzjUkj;ij epiyehl;Lk; Ntjfhkq;fisNah Kw;whfg; gpd;gw;WgtH my;yH. VidatHfisg; Nghy; my;yhJ mtH w;Nghf;Fr; rpe;jid gilj;jtH. rhj;jpuq;fs; $Wk; rhjp Ngjk; rjpnad vjpHg;gtH. jPz;lhik ghuhl;ljtH. Nfhapy; Fsk; vd miyahjtH. kfhrdf; fy;Yhup mjpguhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jho;j;jg;gl;ltH (jho;e;jtH my;y) jPz;lg;glhjtH vd ,e;J kjk; Kj;jpiu Fj;jpj; jpUf;Nfhapy;fSf;Fk; fy;tpf;$lq;fSf;Fk; ntspNa epw;f itj;j kf;fsJ gps;isfisj; jdJ fy;Yhupapy; Jzpe;J NrHj;Jf; nfhz;ltH. mg;gbr; NrHj;j fhuzj;jhy; rhjp ,e;Jf;fspd; fLk; Nfhgj;Jf;Fk; rhgj;Jf;Fk; MshdtH!  MfNtjhd; mtH ,e;J my;yJ irt rkaj;ijf; fhg;ghw;Wk; Nehf;NfhL Nfs;tp vOg;gGtJ tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. (tsUk;)

 

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;  

Nrhkf; FbaNd vq;fisj; jhrHfsplk; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;W!  

jpUkfs;

(9)

MupaHfs; jq;fsJ nkhopia kl;Lky;yhJ jq;fs; flTsiuAk; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; flTsHfsJ CH NgH vy;yhk; ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Fjpiufisf; nfhz;L te;J NrHj;jtHfSk; ,tHfNs MtH.

MupaHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; gy gFjpfspy; FbNawpg; gutpa fhyj;jpy; G+HtPf Fbfshd jpuhtpluJ gz;ghl;ilAk;> ehfupfj;ijAk; gfpHe;J nfhz;ldH. mt;thW fye;j NghJk; Mjpf;f epiyapy; MupaHfSk; mtHfspd; jj;Jtkhd Ntjq;fSNk ,Ue;jd. ,e;j Ntjq;fSk; Ntj ehfupfKk; ,e;jpahtpy; MupaHfs; FbNawpa gpd;dH Njhd;wpait MFk;.

MupaHfsJ Kjy; Ntjk; ,Uf;F NtjkhFk;. ,jd; fhyk; fpK 1200 - 1000 Mz;lhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,aw;wg;gl;l ,lk; fpof;Fg; gQ;rhg;gpy; cs;s mk;ghyh khtl;lk;> ,uh[e;jhdpy; cs;s fq;if aKid gs;sj;jhf;F> myfghj; Mfpait vd Muha;r;rpahsH $Wfpd;wdH. (,e;jpahTk; ,e;J kjKk; - gf;fk; 20) 

,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; Mupa Nfhj;jpuq;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwfs;> Mirfs;> mgpyhirfs;> mtHfsJ gazq;fs;> mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;l ,ilA+Wfs;> ,ju Nfhj;jpuq;fs;> G+HtPf kf;fSld; mtHfs; elj;jpa ,iltplhj NghHfspy; ntw;wp ngw;wjw;F ed;wp njuptpf;Fk; gpuhHj;jidg; ghly;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ‘upf;’ vd;why; Njhj;jpug; ghly; vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;. kz;lyk; 2-7 kpfg; gioikahdJ. ,tw;iw ,UbfSk; (up\pfSk;) mtHfsJ re;jjpAk; ghbdhHfs;. kz;lyk; 3 tpRthkpj;jpuUk; mtuJ re;jjpAk; ghbaJ. kz;lyk; 4 thkNjtUk; 5 trpl;lUk; mtHfsJ re;jjpfSk; ghbait MFk;.

,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s ahfq;fs;. rlq;Ffs;; nra;a Ntz;ba Kiwfs;> cr;rupf;f Ntz;ba ke;jpuq;fs; Mfpatw;iw kl;Lk; jdpahfj; njhFj;jJjhd;  aRH NtjkhFk;. ahff; fpupiffspd; NghJ ,irAld; nrhy;yf; $ba ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng rhk NtjkhFk;. rpW nja;tq;fisAk;> nfl;l NjtijfisAk; trpag;gLj;j ke;jpu> je;jpu> ae;jpu  Kiwfs; mlq;fpaJjhd; mjHtz NtjkhFk;. ke;jpu rf;jp tha;j;jtHfs; khe;jpuPfHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. mtHfspd; nray; Kiwfis  khe;jpuPfk; vd mioj;jdH.

MupaHfs; ,e;jpahtpy; FbNaWtjw;F Kd;dH ,aw;ifj; nja;tq;fisNa topgl;ldH. ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> thA> mf;fpdp KjypNahHjhd; mtHfsJ Kjd;ikf; flTsH MtH. jq;fSf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;fTk; czTg; nghUs;fisg; ngw;Wj; juTk;> vjpupapd; Nfhl;il nfhj;jsq;fis mopf;fTk;  ,e;jpud; kpj;jpud; Mfpa fw;gidf; flTs;fis topgl;ldH. cUt topghL> Nfhapy;> g+ir vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ahfk;> af;Qk; vd;fpw ngaHfspy; xNu tpjkhd rlq;Ffs; elj;jp flTsiug; gpuhHj;jid nra;J te;jdH. Ntjfhy kjk;jhd; ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; kjkhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

xU Njtid kfpo;tpg;gjw;fhf xU nghUisg; gilg;gNj Nts;tpr; rlq;F – mjhtJ aF;Qk; vd;gJ. mf; fhyj;jpy; MupaHfs; vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; ahfq;fisNa ek;gp ,Ue;jdH. ahf Fz;lq;fis mikj;J> ke;jpuq;fisr; nrgpj;J> jP tsHj;J> mjpy; khL> Fjpiu> khd;> gd;wp Nghd;w tpyq;Ffisg; gyp nfhLj;J mf;fpdp Njtid jpUg;jp nra;J gpd;dH mtd; %yk; ,ju NjtHfshd ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> kpUj;A+ Kjypa NjtHfisAk; mioj;J mtHfisAk; kfpo;tpj;J jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd vy;yh tuq;fisAk; ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w %lek;gpf;if me;jf; fhyj;jpy; epytp te;jJ. mJ ,d;Wk; ePbg;gJjhd; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.

,Uf;F Ntjk; gy Ehw;whz;L fhykhf tha;nkhopahf mjhtJ ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fshfNt ,Ue;J te;jd. MupaH gy jpirfspy; nrd;W FbNawpa NghJ mtHfs; midtUf;Fk; nghJthd nkhop VJk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. G+HtPf kf;fspd; nkhopiaAk; jhq;fs; Ngrp te;j nfhr;irahd nkhopiaAk; fye;J xt;nthU Mupag; gpupTk; mtutHfspd; nkhopfis cUthf;fpf; nfhz;ldH. mg;gb xU gpuptpdH cUthf;fpa nkhopNa rk];fpUjk; MFk;. mJ tuptbtk; ngw;w fhyk; fpK 1000 Mz;lsthf ,Uf;fyhk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. rk];fpUjk; <uhdpad; my;yJ mt];jh vd;w nkhopNahL neUf;fkhdJ! gpuhfpUj nkhopapDila fyg;gpdhYk; Gj;jH Ngrpa ghyp nkhopapDila fyg;gpdhYk; MupaHfSila rk];fpUjk; tsk; ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ!

,Uf;F Ntjk; Kjypy; gpuhkp vOj;jpYk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; NjtefupapYk; vOjg;gl;lJ. 

,e;jpahtpy; vOj;jhf;fk; fpK 2500 mstpy; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. `ug;gh-nkhn`Q;rjhNuh kf;fs;jhd; Xtpa vOj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. Mdhy; vfpg;gjpa Xtpa vOj;Jf;fis xj;j ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; ,Jtiu ahuhYk; jpUj;jkhf thrpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

guj;jd;ik> kJ mUe;Jjy;> khkprk; cz;zy;> MupaH my;yhjtHfis ,opthf itjy;> mtHfis mbNahL mopf;FkhW Ntz;Ljy;> mtHfisg; Nghupy;  ntd;W Vty; nfhs;sj; jq;fSf;F typik jUkhW ,e;jpuid Ntz;bf; nfhs;Sk; ghly;fNs ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; NgusT fhzg;gLfpd;wd. flTs;> gilg;G Mfpait gw;wpa jj;Jt Cfq;fs; (speculations) rpw;wsNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd.      

,Uf;F Ntjj;ijj; Kjd; Kiwahfj; jkpopy; nkhop ngaHj;J mr;R tbtpy; Ehyhf ntspf; nfhzHe;jtH  vk;.MH. [k;Gehjd; MthH.  ,tH – 

rhk Ntjj;ij 1935 Yk;  

aRHNtjj;ij  1938 Yk;  

mjHtz Ntjj;ij  1940 Yk;  

,Uf;F Ntjj;ij 1977 Yk;  

Njtghi\ vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpw rk];fpUjj;jpypUe;J jkpopy; nkhop ngaHj;jhH. ,t;thW ePr ghi\ahd jkpopy; ,Uf;F Ntjj;ij nkhopngaHg;Gr; nra;jjw;Ff; fLikahd vjpHg;G ,tUf;F ,Ue;jjhk;.

,Uf;F Ntjk; 10 kz;lyq;fisAk; 1028 ghly;fisAk; nfhz;lJ. NkNy $wpathW Kjy; kz;lyKk; filrp kz;lyKk; fhyj;jhy; gpe;jpait. vQ;rpait fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpait. mJ Ntj rk];fpUjj;jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; ghly;fs; Nts;tpapd; NghJ nrgpf;fg;gl;ld. tuyhW gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fSk; Mq;fhq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf MupaHfSf;Fk; mtHfsJ vjpupfshd jpuhtplHfs; my;yJ jhR];fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ele;j Nkhjy;fs;s gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,Uf;F Ntjj;jpd; Kjd;ikf; flTsH ,e;jpud; (,b)  kw;Wk; mf;fpdp (jP) MtH.  Vwj;jho 500 ghly;fs; ,e;jpud; mf;fpdp gw;wpa ghly;fshFk;. ,e;jpud; MupaHfspd; vjpupfsJ Nfhl;ilfis mopj;J mtHfisf; nfhd;w tPudhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwhd;. mf;fpdp (jP) tsHj;Nj Nts;tpfs; nra;ag;gl;ld.. Vida flTs;fs; Nrhkd; (Nrhkr;nrb) kpUj;A+> tUzd; (fly;)  tp\;Z> Uj;jpud;> gpuf];gjp> thA (fhw;W) Mfhrk;> gpUJtp (Gtp) #upad;> tp\;tNjtHfs;> m];tpd;fs; kw;Wk; gy rpW nja;tq;fs; MtH. 

,Uf;F Ntjj;jj;Jf; flTs;fs; ,e;jpa-ma;Nuhg;gpa kf;fsplKk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jpahR]; (Dyaus) fpNuf;fHfspd; rPaR];> cNuhkHfsJ A+gpl;lH (tpahod;) n[HkdpauJ ijH ( Tyr) MfpNahUf;F epfuhdtH. MupaHfsJ kpj;jpud; ghurPaf; flTshd kpj;jpuh cNuhkHfsJ kpj;jpuh]; MdhH. mJ NghyNt c\h fpNuf;fHfsJ Eos,  cNuhkHfsJ XNwhwh (Aurora) MfpNahUf;F xg;ghdtH. Mupaupd; akd; ghurPfupd; nakh (Yima) MdhH. mf;fpdp ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; ,f;dp]; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhH.

,Uf;F Ntjk; 10 kz;lyq;fisAk; 1028 ghly;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.

kz;lyk; 1   - 191 ghly;fs;. mNdf ghly;fs; mf;fpdp vd;w nrhy;iy Kjyhff; nfhz;L mf;fpdpiag; Nghw;wpg; ghbaitahFk;.

kz;lyk; 2    -  43 ghly;fs;. mf;fpdpiaAk; ,e;jpuidAk; tpspj;Jg; ghbaitahFk;.

kz;lyk; 3  - 62 ghly;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik mf;fpdpiaAk; ,e;jpuidAk; Nghw;wpg; ghbadthFk;.

kz;lyk; 4   - 58 ghly;fs;. ngUk;ghd;ik mf;fpdpiaAk; ,e;jpuidAk; tpspj;Jg; ghbadthFk;.

kz;lyk; 5  - 87 ghly;fs;. mf;fpdp> ,e;jpud;> tp\;tNjtH> kpUj;A+>  tUzd;> m];tpdpfs; MfpNahiug; Nghw;wpg; ghbaitahFk;.

kz;lyk; 6  - 75 ghly;fs;. ngUk;ghYk; mf;fpdpiaAk; ,e;jpuidAk; tpspj;Jg; ghbadthFk;.

kz;lyk; 7   - 104 ghly;fs;. ngUk;ghYk; mf;fpdp> ,e;jpud;> tp\;tNjtH> kpj;jpud;> tUzd;> m];tpdpfs;> thA> ru];tjp (2) tp\;Z (2) MfpNahiug; Nghw;wpg; ghbaitahFk;.

kz;lyk; 8    -  103 ghly;fs;. ngUk;ghd;ik ,e;jpuidg; Nghw;wpg; ghbajhFk;.

kz;lyk; 9    -  114 ghly;fs;. KOJk; Nrhk ghdk; (Nrhkr; nrb) gw;wpa ghly;fshFk;.

kz;lyk; 10 - 191 ghly;fs;. ngUk;ghYk; mf;fpdp kw;Wk; flTs;fs; gw;wpg; ghlg;ngw;wit MFk;.

Ntjq;fis n[Hkd; nkhopapy; nkhopngaHj;j kf;]; KyH (Max Muller, Friedrich (1823-1900)  ,Uf;F Ntjk; kl;LNk Ntjk; vd;Wk; Vida aRH> rhkk;> mjHtzk; Mfpait ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpd; nghopg;Giu ( paraphrase) vdf; $wpAs;shH.  

,Uf;F Ntjk; ,d;iwa ,e;J kjj;jpd; njhlf;f fhy Ntj kjk; my;yJ Mupa kjj;jpd;  gbepiy tsHr;rpiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. Ntj kjKk; Nrhu];jPdpa kjKk; xU nghJthd rkag; gz;ghl;by; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpajhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;lthW ,Uf;F Ntjg; ghly;fs; ghbKbf;f gy Ehw;whz;L fhyk; gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ.  gjpdhd;fhk; Ehw;whz;by; tho;e;j rhadH ,Uf;F Ntjj;Jf;F tpupthd ciu vOjpdhH.  

,Uf;F Ntj fhyj;jpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;j flTsHfshd  ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> mf;fpdp> Nrhkd; MfpNahH gpw;fhyj;jpy; gjtp ,wf;fk; nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,e;jpuDf;Fr; rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpy; tpoh vLf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dH mJ tof;nfhope;J NghdJ. ,e;jpud; kl;Lky;y rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpy; Nfhl;lq;fs; (Nfhapy;fs;) fl;b topgl;l kd;kjd;> gyNjtd;> nfhw;wit MfpNahH gpw;fhyj;jpy; topghL ,oe;jdH. Ntj fhyf; flTs;fspy; ,d;iwa KOKjy; flTshd rptd; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy. Ntjfhy Uj;jpud; vd;w gaq;fuf; flTNs gpd;dhspy; rptNdhL nghUj;jpf; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lhH.  

NkNy nfhLj;j juTfs; kdpjNd fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk;  flTsiug; gilj;Jg; gpd;dH mtHfspy; rpyiu Xuq;fl;b tpLtijf; fhl;LfpwJ. mJ kl;Lky;y GJf; flTs;fisak; gilj;Jf; nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. rgupkiy ma;ag;gd; topghL ,jw;Fj; jf;f rhd;whFk;.     

,g;NghJ jpuhtpl kf;fspd; nghUshjhuKk;> tho;tpaYk; vt;thW rpijf;fg; gl;ld vd;gij ,Uf;F Ntj ghly;fspy; ,Ue;J njupe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

‘,e;jpud; mfp vd;w jhridf; nfhd;W MWfis tpLjiy nra;jhd;’ - (hpf;Ntjk;-RNyhfk; 2-12-3) 

,jd; %yk; jhru;fs; fl;bitj;j mizf;fl;Lfs;> ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs; cilf;fg; gl;ld vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

~eP Ik;gjhapuk; fWg;gh;fis nfhd;wha; rk;gudpd; efuq;fis mopj;jha;!| - (hpf; Ntjk;-RNyhfk;-1-53-13)

,q;Nf fWg;gh;fs; vd;gJ jhrh;fis - jpuhtplh;fis!

Mhpah;fs; kJitf; Fbj;jhh;fs;. gR> Fjpiu Nghd;w tpyq;Ffspd; khkprj;ijAk; cz;lhh;fs;.

,e;jpuNd! ,q;Nf th! ,e;jg; Gjpa Nrhkghdj;ijf; Fb! Nrhkf;FbaNd! Fjpiuf;fwpia cz;L fspj;jpU. vq;fisj; jhrh;fsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;W!| (hpf; Ntjk;-RNyhfk; 1-162-2-13) (tsUk;)

tho;Tk; tLTk; mjd; kW gf;fk;  

mRuHfs; xopf! gps;is Fl;bfs; erpf;f! gpw;fhy re;jjpfs; mopf!  

(10)

Fbfhuf; fhl;Lkpuhz;bfspd; gpuhHj;jidfis Gdpj Ntjq;fs; vd;Wk; flTs; mUspait vd;Wk; mjpgH fdfrghgjp Nghd;w ,e;Jf;fs; Vd;jhd; jiyapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L nfhz;lhLfpwhHfNsh njupatpy;iy. mtUk; mtH Nghd;NwhUk; Ntjj;ijg; gbf;ftpy;iy. Ntjk; rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ,Ue;jJ xU fhuzk;. ,d;ndhU fhuzk; #j;jpuHfs; mjidg; gbf;ff; $lhJ vd;W gpuhkzpak; Nghl;l jil!

 

thd;Kfpy; thohJ nga;f kyptsQ; Ruf;f kd;dd;

Nfhd;Kiw muRnra;f Fiwtpyh JapHfs; tho;f

ehd;kiw mwq;fs; Xq;f ew;wtk; Nts;tp ky;f

Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;.   (ngupaGuhzk;)

 

ehd;kiw $Wk; mwq;fs; vit vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. ,jidg; ghba Nrf;fpohUk; Ntj ehd;fpidAk; gbf;ftpy;iy Nghy; njupfpwJ. gbj;jpUe;jhy; cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghf ,t;thW ghbapUf;f khl;lhH!

 

rpy irt rpe;jhj;jpfs; “ehd;kiw mwq;fs; Xq;f” vd;wpUg;gij “ehd; Kiw mwq;fs; Xq;f” vd khw;wpg; gbf;fpwhHfs;. ehd;Kiw vd;gJ rupif> fpupif> Nahfk;> Qhdk; vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J Ntjj;ij xg;Gf;nfhs;s kdj;jlq;fy; ,Ug;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

 

,g;NghJ aRH Ntjk; gw;wp jkpoUk; ,e;J kuGfSk; vd;w Ehypy; (gf;fk; 10-11) vOjpapUg;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;.

 

“Ntjq;fspy; Kjy; Ntjkhff; fhzg;gLtJ ,Uf;F Ntjk; MFk;. ,Uf;F Ntjk; ,iwtDila Gwj;Njhw;wj;ijAk; rpwg;gpay;GfisAk; tpsf;Ftdthff; fhzg;gLfpd;;wd. ,Uf;F Ntjk; fUj;jhoKk; Mw;wYk; nfhz;l ghly;fisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sJ.. ,Uf;F Ntj fhyj;j;py; rptd; vd;w ehkk; gad;gLj;Jg;glhJ Uj;jpud; vd;w ehkNk tpje;J $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Uj;jpud; kz;izAk;> tpz;izAk; CLUtpr; nry;Yk; mk;Gfis cilatd;. Uj;jpuid> Neha;fisf; nfhLg;gtdhfTk;> Neha;fisj; jPHg;gtdhfTk; ,Uf;F Ntjk; rpj;jupj;Js;sJ.

 

nja;tj;ij tpspj;J> “ghy;> nea;> Njd; Kjyptw;iw MFjpahfj; jUfpNwd;> gjpyhfg; ngUk; tPuHfshd Gj;jpuHfisAk;> nry;tq;fisAk;> ePz;l tho;itAk; jh” vd Ntz;Lk; ,Uf;F Ntjg;ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd.”

 

jkpoUk; ,e;J kuGfSk; Ehy; MrpupaH Ntjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; mOf;Ffis kiwf;f vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpNa ,JthFk;. mtH rk];fpUjj;jpy; Ntjq;fisg; gbj;Jtpl;L vOjpapUf;fpwhH vd ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. mjd; nkhopngaHg;igAk; mtH gbj;jpUg;gjhfj; njupatpy;iy. kw;wtHfs; nrhd;dij Ma;e;J ghHf;fhky; mg;gbNa fpspg;gps;is Nghy; xg;Gtpf;fpwhH vd epidf;fpNwd;.

 

Ntj fhy Nts;tpapy; khd;> kiu> cLk;G> khL> Fjpiu ,tw;iwg; gyp nfhLj;jij EhyhrpupaH nky;y kiwj;J tpl;lhH. Nghij jUk; Nrhkghdk; Nts;tpapy; gilf;fg;gl;lijAk; mJ gUfg;gl;lijAk; Kw;whf ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;J tpl;lhH.

 

Ntjq;fs; fhl;Lkpuhz;bfs; Fbntwpapy; cswpa cswy;fs; vd;gjw;F me;j Ntjg; ghly;fNs rhd;W gfUfpd;wd.

 

    1) mf;fpdpNa! md;gw;w muf;fHfsplkpUe;J vq;fisg; ghypf;fTk;! fUkpaplkpUe;Jk;> ghtk; tpUk;GgtdplkpUe;Jk;> Jd;gg;gLj;Jgtdplk; ,Ue;Jk; vq;fisg; ghypf;fTk;. ehq;fs; ez;gdhd cd;NdhL NrHe;J giftHfis n[apg;Nghkhf! (upf;-514 51  MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    2) mwpQHfNs> kdpjHfspd; eLNt epj;jpakha; epiyj;jpUg;gtDk; rj;jpaj;ijg;  ghypg;gtDk; Rthiyf; fpuPlKs;stDk; Rj;jg;gLj;JgtDk; nea;ia czthf cz;gtDk; NjtDk; NtW mdy;fNshL NrHe;jpUg;gtDkhd mf;fpdpiaj; Jhjdhf epakpAq;fs;! (upf; 517 519 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

   3) NtnwhU Gjy;tidr; RtPfupg;gJ tpUk;gj;jf;fjpy;iy> Vnddpy; mtd; kw;wtDila Gjy;td; vd epidf;f Ntz;Lk;! kw;wtDila Gjy;tid Vw;gJ vd;gij kdj;jpdhYk; epidf;fyhfhJ. (520 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

Rdhkp vd;w Mopg; NguopT miyfshy; ngw;NwhH> cw;whH> cwTfs;> tPLfs;  mj;jidAk; ,oe;J my;yy;gl;l kf;fSf;F cyfk; XNlhbr; nrd;W cjtpf; if ePl;baJ. Gyk; ngaHe;j jkpoHfs; jq;fs; cld;gpwg;Gf;fSf;Ff; fps;spf; nfhLf;fhky; ms;spf; nfhLj;jhHfs;. ,e;j kdpjhgpkhdk; Ntjj;jpy; ,y;iy vd;gjw;F NkNy $wpa 520 MtJ #f;jk;  rhd;W gfUfpwJ!

 

   4) nry;tq;fspd; jiytDk;> jhohjtDk;> giftHfisj; jho;j;JgtDkhd mf;fpdpia ehd; Nghw;WfpNwd;. (522 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    5) ,e;jpuh N]hkHfNs> muf;fHfisj; jhgg;gLj;Jq;fs;>  mopAq;fs;> tH\pg;gtH fNs jkj;jpy; ,d;GWgtHfisf; fPNo tPo;j;Jq;fs;> Gydw;w Gy;yHfisg; Gwg; gLj;Jq;fs;> gw;gg;gLj;Jq;fs;> nfhy;Yq;fs; eukhkprk; Grpg;gtHfis ehrg; gLj;Jq;fs;! Juj;Jq;fs;! (620 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    6) ,e;jpuNd> cd;Dila tr;rpuhAjj;ij NrhjpapypUe;J fPNo nrYj;jTk;  gfthNd N]hkj;jhy; cw;rhfkile;j jiytid Cf;fg;gLj;jTk;! eP cd;D ila tr;rpuhAjj;jhy; fpof;fpNy> Nkw;fpNy> tlf;fpNy> njw;fpNy cs;s muf;fHfis mopf;fTk;! (620 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

   7) N]hkk; nghopag; gLq;fhy; tH\pf;Fk; ,e;jpuidNa ePq;fs; ngUikAld; Nghw;Wq;fs;! mtDf;fhf mbf;fb ghLq;fs;! (621 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    8) ,e;jpudhy; gw;wg;gLk; N]hkurk; gha;e;jJ! ePAk; cd;Dila Mz;ikiag; Gyg;gLj;jpdha;. (623 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    9) ,e;jpuNd! cdf;fhf ,e;j N]hkk; gpopag;gl;bUf;fpwJ> cdf;fhfr; Rj;jk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ.  eP ,ijg; gUfTk;! cd;dhy; fw;gpf;fg;gl;lJ kjj;Jf;fhf tpUk;gg;gLtJ ,e;Jthk; N]hkNk ,J. (811 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    10) tpRthRNt ,q;fpUe;J vOe;jpUf;fTk;! ehq;fs; cd;id tzf;fj;NjhL Jjpf; fpNwhk!; ngupa epjgq;fSs;s NtW ngz;iz tpUk;gTk; kidtpiaf; fztNdhL tplTk;! (922 MtJ #f;jk;)

 

    11) ePH Ntl;if nfhz;lkhidg; Nghy ,q;F Xbte;J Fb! Ntz;L kl;Lk; Nrhkr; rhw;iwf; Fb! rpwe;jtNd> xt;nthU ehSk; Nrhkr; rhwhfNt eP kfpOk;gb Fb! eP kpfr; rpwe;j typikiag; ngw;Ws;sha;! (upf;Ntjk; 8 Mk; kz;lyk; 4-1 tupfspy; Nrhkr;rhw;iwf; Fbf;Fk;gb ,e;jpuid Ntz;Lk; ghly;)

 

   12) X! cyfk; Nghw;Wk; ,e;jpuNd! ]{\;&tid vjpHj;j ,UgJ fWg;G murHfisAk; mtHfsJ mWgjpdhapuj;Jj; njhz;Z}w;wpnahd;gJ gilfisAk; eP cd; NjHr; rf;fuj;Jf;F ,iuahf;fp eRf;fpf; nfhd;W MupaHfSf;F cjtpGupe;jha;! (upf; Ntjk; kz;lyk; I ke;jpuk; 53 ];Nyhfk; 9 mjHtzNtj fhz;lk; XX ke;jpuk; 21 ];Nyhfk; 9)

 

    13) X! ,e;jpuNd! gpg;&> kpURa mRu murHfis Mupa kd;ddhd tpjhjpd; Gj;jpud; up[P\;tDf;F mbikg;gLj;jpdha;! ma;k;gjhapuk; fWg;Gg;gilfis nrapj;jha;. KJik capiu kha;g;gJNghy; mNdf Nfhl;ilfisAk; ghohf;fpdha;!

(upf;Ntjk; kz;lyk; IV ke;jpuk; 16 ];Nyhfk; 13)

 

    14) Mupa murd; jhgpjpapd; ed;ikf;fhf Kg;gjhapuk; jhrHfis cd; ke;jpu rf;jpapdhy;> X ,e;jpuNd! akDyFf;F mDg;gpdha;! (upf;Ntjk; kz;lyk; IV ke;jpuk; 30 ];Nyhfk; 21)

 

    15)  X jPudhd ,e;jpuNd! cd;tiy gpuk;khz;lkhdJ> k`h gyhl;bakhdJ> Mapuf;fzf;fhdtHfisr; rpf;f itf;Fk; Mw;wYilaJ. xd;W> gj;J> E}W> Mapukhfg; ngUFk; rf;jpAilaJ. mj;jifa tiyapy; jhrg;giliar; rpf;fitj;J E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Mapuf;fzf;fhd y\fzf;fhdtHfisf; nfhd;whNa! (mjHtz Ntjk; fhz;lk; VIII ke;jpuk; 8 ];Nyhfk; 7)

 

NkNy $wpa ghly;fs; Mjp ,e;jpaHfs; ,yf;ff; fzf;fpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lijAk; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;lijAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. vQ;rpa Mjp ,e;jpaHfs;kPJ MupaHfs; nfhz;bUe;j ntWg;igAk;  tQ;rj;ijAk; ,r; rNyhfq;fs; njspthfr; rpj;jupf;fpfpwJ!

 

fPo;tUtd upf;Ntjk; V11 tJ kz;lyk; 104 tJ ke;jpuj;jpYk; mjHtzNtjk; fhz;lk; VIII 4 tJ ];Nyhfj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

 

];Nyhfk; 1

 

X ,e;jpuNd! N]hkNd! uh\;rfHfis vup! vup!! eRf;F! eRf;F!! ,Uz;l tdhe;jpuq;fspy; xd;W gj;J E}wha;g; ngUfptUk; me;j mRuf;$l;lq;fis mlf;F! mlf;F!! rpd;dh gpd;dg;gLj;J! kilaHfis mf;fpdpr;Rthiyahy; Rl;Lg;nghRf;F! rpj;jputij nra;! ehH ehuhff; fpopj;njwp! Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;L!

 

];Nyhfk; 2

 

X! ,e;jpuNd! N]hkNd! me;j mRuf; $l;lj;ij> JNuhfpfis> jPikNa cU thdtHfis mf;fpdp Fz;lj;jpy; itj;J ePHg;ghidapy; Ntf itj;jJ Nghy; mtpj;Jf;nfhy;! gpuhkzj; JNuhfpfshd me;jg; gr;ir khkprk; jpd;Dk; muf;fHfis kPsh eufj;jpy; js;sp ,k;rpg;ghahf!

 

];Nyhfk; 3

 

FiffspYk; tdhe;jpuq;fspYk; gJq;fpf; fplf;Fk; me;jr; rz;lhsHfisf; fPwpg;  gpse;J> mupe;J> rpj;jputij nra;! ,Uz;l fhLfspy; kiwe;J fplf;Fk; mtHfSf;F xU cjtpAk; nra;ahNj! me;j tdhe;jpuq;fspYk; mtHfs; kPshky; NghthHfshf! cq;fs; gaq;fu gyj;jhy; mtHfis mlf;fp xLf;FtPHfshf!

 

];Nyhfk; 4

 

X! ,e;jpuNd! X! N]hkNd! thdkz;lyj;jpypUe;J nfhba MAjq;fisf; fPNo nrhuptPHfshf! g+kpapypUe;J Mapuf;fzf; fhd MAjq;fs; fpsk;GkhW fUiz GuptPHfshf! gpujpjpdKk; ngUfptUk; uh\;]f; $l;lq;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhf kiyfsp ypUe;Jk; y\f;fzf;fhd mf;fpdpah];jpuq;fs; Njhd;Wk;gb mUs;GuptPHfshf!

 

];Nyhfk; 11

 

mRuHfs; xopf! gps;is Fl;bfs; erpf;f! gpw;fhy re;jjpfs; mopf! g+kpNjtp

mRuf; $l;lq;fis tpOq; tpll;Lk;! ,uT gfYk; vq;fis ,k;rpf;Fk; mRuf; $l;lk; ehrkhfl;Lk;!

 

];Nyhfk; 27

 

gfw;fhyq;fspy; xspj;Jf; nfhz;L ,uhf;fhyq;fspy; gprhRNghy; elkhLk; mts; (xU fhy; ,ts; xUMjp ,e;jpa murpahf ,Uf;fyhk;) mopf! gLghjhsj;jpy; tpOe;J kbf! Nfhukhd kiyfs; ntbj;J mRuf;$l;lq;fis tpOq;Ff!

 

];Nyhfk; - 24

 

X! ,e;jpuNd! ke;jpu je;jpuq;fspy; NjHe;jtHfshd aJhdHfs; ngz;L gps;isfSld; mope; njhopaf;fltH! fs;sj; nja;tq;fis tzq;Fk; nfhbaHfs; ghoha;g; Nghf! #upad; NkNywpr; nry;tij mtHfs; fhzhJ Nghff;fltH. fPo;tUtd upf;Ntjj;jpYk; mjHtz Ntjj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd mtw;wpd; tupirf;fpukj;jpy; kl;Lk; rpy khw;wq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

 

];Nyhfk; 2

 

Qhd];t&gpahd mf;fpdp NjtNd! cd; Rthiyf; fuq;fis tpupj;J aJhjdH fis vupg;ghahf! rpd;dj; nja;tq;fis tzq;FNthiu cd; ehthy; gpbj;J tpOq;Fthahf! gr;ir khkprk; jpd;W muf;fHfis tpOq;Fthahf!

 

];Nyhfk; 4

 

X! mf;fpdpNjtNd! ajPjdHfspd; Njhiyf;fpopg;ghahf! ,b tpOe;J mtHfs; rhk;gyhfl;Lk;! mtHfSila kzpf;fl;Lfis Kwpj;J tpL! khkprk; jpd;Dk; me;jf; fhl;LkpUfq;fs; ehrkhfl;Lk;!

 

];Nyhfk; 10

 

X mf;dp NjtNd! gJq;fpapUe;J nghJ [dq;fspy; muf;fuhapUg;gtHfisj; Njbg; gpbg;ghahf! mtHfSila Koq;fhy;fisAk;> KOq;iffisAk;> fOj;JfisAk; Kwpg;ghahf! mtHfsJ tpyh vYk;Gfis vupg;ghahf! atpjdf; $l;lj;ij Mzp NtH mWk;gb mopg;ghahf!  (tsUk;)