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“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

jpUkfs;

,yq;ifad; vOjpa "tho;Tk; tLTk;' vd;w Ehy; ntspaPL fle;j Mf];l; 7 Mk; ehs;> nuhwd;Nuh mj;yhe;jh kz;lgj;jpy; mtuJ gts tpohtpd; NghJ ,lk;ngw;wJ.

,e;j Ehy; ,yq;ifad; mtHfsJ jd; tuyhwhFk;. jkpopdj;jpd; rhgf; Nflhd rhjpaj;jhy; jhd; gl;l Jd;gq;fisAk; Jauq;fisAk; fhaq;fisAk; ,e;j Ehy; rpj;jupf;fpwJ.

%d;W ghtyHfs; ghly; gbj;jhHfs;. mNefk; NgH ,yq;ifad; gw;wpAk; mtH vOjpa tho;Tk; tLTk; Ehy; gw;wpAk; thdshtg; Gfo;e;J NgrpdhHfs;.

Mdhy; Nrud; jtpu kw;wtHfs; Ehypd; ikaf; fUthd rhjpaj;ijg; gw;wp Neubahfg; Ngrhky; mijr; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp eHj;jdk; nra;jhHfs;. tpohTf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa mjpgH ngh. fdfrghgjp jiyikAiu vd;W vijAk; fdjpahfg; Ngrtpy;iy. mtH kl;Lk; ,yq;ifad; vOjpa EhYf;F vOjpa Kd;Diuia xl;b Nkilapy; NgrpapUe;jhy; kpfr; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. vOJjpaijg; NgRtjw;F vd;d kdg; G+l;L?

'vd; fij vd;fpwhNu> ,J mtH fijah? ,y;yNt ,y;iy! nghUshjhu> fy;tp mwpT Fd;wpa xU gFjp kf;fis xU NfLnfl;l r%fk;> Mo mKf;fp MHg;gupj;J> mgj;jkhd eltbf;iffs; %yk; Nknyo Kbahky; eRf;fp itj;j Jd;gpay; fij. ehk; ahtUk; $dpf; FWfp Ra gr;rhj;jhgg; glNtz;ba Nrhff; fij ,J! ,J mtH fijay;y. xU r%fj;jpd; fij. eatQ;rfj; jdkhf eRf;fg;gl;l xU rhuhupd; fij. 'ehDk; ,jw;F cle;ijahf epd;NwNd' vd ek;kpy; xt;nthUtUk; jk;ikj; jhNk Fw;wthspf; $z;by; epWj;jp fhyk; fle;J ePjp Nfl;Fk; fij."

cz;ikapy; ,J tPuh Ntrkhd trdq;fs;! Nfhgk; nfhg;gspf;Fk; thHj;ijfs;! ,jid mr;rbj;J rl;lk; Nghl;L tpohTf;F te;jtHfsplk; nfhLj;J mtutH tPl;Lr; Rtupy; khl;b itAq;fs; vd;W Nfl;L ,Uf;fyhk;!

Mdhy; mjpgH fdfrghgjpahH rup> kw;wtg; Ngr;rhsHfs; rup ,e;jf; nfhLikfspd; eatQ;rfj;Jf;F> rjpf;F ahH my;yJ vJ nghWg;G vd;gij ntspf; nfhzuNt ,y;iy! Gz;Zf;Fg; GDF G+RtJ Nghy mij %b kiwj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

gpNuk;[p xUtNu rhjpak; kD jHkj;jpd; (kD jHkk; vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L> gpd;dH jtiw czHe;J kD Vw;ghL vd;whH) Vw;ghL vd;whH.

xU kzpj;jpahyk; Ngrpa Nrud; rhjpfis cUthf;fpa 'Gdpj' Ntjq;fs; gw;wpNah> kD ];kpUjpfs; gw;wpNah> gftj;fPij gw;wpNah %r;Nr tpltpy;iy.

MWKf ehtyH xUtHjhd; mtUf;F trkhff; fpilj;jhH. jkpoPoj; njhiyf; fhl;rpapy; Njrpa milahsq;fisf; Fwpg;gjw;F ts;Stiuf; fhl;btpl;L mLj;J MWKf ehtyiuf; fhl;LfpwhHfshk;! rhjp ntwpauhd MWKf ehtyiu vg;gbj; jkpo;j; Njrpaj;jpd; milahsq;fspy; xd;whf fhl;l KbAk;? vd;W tpdh vOg;gpdhH.

,jpy; cs;s Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; MWKf ehtyiu ngupa jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahff; fhl;batHfs; rkTlik> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Ngrpa Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsHfs;jhd;! Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fj;jpd; nrayhsH gpNuk;[pjhd;!

njw;Nf rpq;fs Njrpathjpfs; mefhupf jHkghyiuj; rpq;fs Njrpaj;jpd; je;ij vd;W Njhspy; Jhf;fpg; gpbg;gijg; ghHj;J tpl;Lj;jhd; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; tl ,yq;ifapy; jkpOk; irtKk; tsHj;j MWKfehtyiu ngupa jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahfr; rpj;jupj;J mtUf;F tpoh vLj;J rpiyAk; itj;jhHfs;! Mdhy; ,tw;Wf;Fg; gpd;dhy; xU fij ,Uf;fpwJ.

1974 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ele;j jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;il elj;j tplhJ jLg;gjpy; md;iwa =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpg; gpujkH rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fh kpfTk; mf;fiw vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. nfhOk;gpy; jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;il itAq;fs; xj;Jiog;Gj; jUfpNwhk; Mdhy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; itj;jhy; MjuT ,y;iy vd;W rpwpkhNth gfpuq;fkhfTk; jpkpNuhLk; mwptpj;jhH.

mg;NghJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpapd; Kftuhf my;gpul; jq;fuhrh Jiuag;gh ,Ue;jhH. aho;g;ghz khefu rig Kjy;tUk; mtNu. aho;g;ghz =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp mikg;ghsUk; mtNu. aho;g;ghzf; $l;LWT rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiytUk; mtNu. vdNt jkpo; Muha;r;rp khehl;il jpwe;jntsp muq;fpy; elj;Jtjw;F Jiuag;gh mDkjp kWj;J tpl;lhH. MSk; fl;rpiaAk; mikr;rHfisAk; ej;jpg; gpioj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Jiuag;ghTf;F NtW topapUf;ftpy;iy.

jkpo; Muha;r;rp khehl;il vg;ghL gl;lhYk; vj;jid jilte;jhYk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elj;jpNa jPUtJ vd;gjpy; khehl;L Vw;ghl;lhsHfs; NguhrpupaH R.tpj;jpahde;jd; (jiytH) kwtd;GyT f. rr;rpjhde;jd; (nrayhsH) NguhrpupaH Nfhgd; kfhNjth> <oNte;jd; KjypNahH fq;fzk; fl;bf; nfhz;L ,uT gfy; fz; Jhq;fhJ gzpahw;wpdhHfs;. khehl;Lf;F Kjy; ehNs thio> fKF> Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fupf;fg;gl;L aho;g;ghzk; tpohf; Nfhyk; G+z;lJ.

jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;bd; ,Wjp ehsd;W (rdtjp 10> 1974) ,uT gj;J kzp mstpy; NguhrpupaH iedhH nkhfkJ jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gw;wp tPurpq;fk; kz;lgj;jpd; Kd;dhy; Nghlg; gl;bUe;j Nkilapy; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhH. me;j Ntisapy; ve;j Kd;dwptpj;jYk; ,d;wp rptG+irapy; fub GFe;jJ Nghy Ehw;Wf; fzf;fhd aho;g;ghzr; rpq;fs fhty;JiwapdH tz;bfspy; te;jpwq;fp NguhrpupaH Ngf;ir mikjpahff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j 50>000 mjpfkhd kf;fisg; nghy;Yfshy; mbj;Jk; Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rl;Lk; jhf;fj; njhlq;fpdH. ,e;jj; jhf;Fjypy; 9 jkpoHfs; capH ,oe;jhHfs;. khehL ele;j ikjhdk; NghHf;fskhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ aho;g;ghz fhty;Jiwapd; nghWg;G mjpfhupahf J.M.D. (Mitra) Muparpq;fh ,Ue;jhH.

fhty;Jiwapdupd; ,e;j kpUfj;jdkhd jhf;Fjiy NkaH Jiuag;ghNt gop thq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Jhz;btpl;ljhf kf;fs; gutyhfg; Ngrpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mJ cz;ikNah ngha;Nah Jiuag;ghthy; mLj;j rpy fpoikfSf;F tPl;il tpl;L ntspapy; jiy fhl;l Kbatpy;iy. mtH gf;fj;jpy; cs;s ,e;jpahTf;F Xbtpl;ljhff; $lr; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ.

,g;gb xspe;J tho;e;j Jiuag;gh kPz;Lk; ntspapy; tu vd;d nra;ayhk; vdj; jdJ MjuthsHfisf; $l;b ke;jpuyhNrhid nra;jhH. mtUf;F ifnfhLf;f Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; Kd; te;jJ.

jkpo; khehLjhd; Fok;gpg; Ngha;tpl;lNj? ,d;ndhU khehL itj;jhy; Nghr;R! ,Uf;fNt ,Uf;fpwhH MWKf ehtyH> mtUf;F ngupa tpoh vLg;Nghk; vd Jiuag;ghTf;F Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; Nahrid ey;fpaJ. mjid mLj;J ehtyUf;F tpoh vLg;gjw;F NguhrpupaH f. ifyhrgjp> NguhrpupaH f. rptj;jk;gp Nghd;Nwhiu Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fk; fsk; ,wf;fpaJ. mg;NghJ ,tHfs; aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. (tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;l ehtyH!

(2)

Ngrhg; nghUis Ngrehd; Jzpe;Njd;

Nfl;fh tuj;ij Nfl;f ehd; Jzpe;Njd;…

vdg; ghujpahH ghbaJf;F xg;g tho;Tk; tLTk; vd;w Ehy; jkpo; rKjhaj;jpd; Ngrhg; nghUshf ,Ue;j rhjpgw;wpa cw;gj;jpiaAk; mJ rKjhaj;Jf;F tpisj;j jPikfisAk; vLj;Jg; NgrTk; vOjTk; xU tha;g;ig ey;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.

jkpohuha;r;rp khehl;Lf;Fg; Nghl;bahf Jiuag;gh aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jkpo; tpoh xd;iw jlGlyhf elj;jpdhH. kUj;Jtkid tPjpapy; ts;StH> mt;itahH Nghd;w GytHfSf;Fr; rpiy itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; rpiyfis rpq;fs ,uhZtk; gpw;ghyj;jpy; cilj;njwpe;jJ. ts;StH rpiy jiy cilf;fg;gl;L njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j tpoh %yk; Jiuag;gh jhd; nra;j ghgj;jpw;Ff; fOtha; Njbf; nfhz;ljhf epidj;jhH.

gpd;dH 1979 Mk; Mz;L ehtyuJ Ehw;whz;L tpoh aho;g;ghzj;jpy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. tpohit =y= MWKf ehtyH rig xOq;F nra;jpUe;jJ. tpoh njhlHghf ehtyH Ehw;whz;L kyH ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; gjpg;ghrpupaH kw;Wk; kyHf;FOj; jiytH f.ifyhrgjp MthH. cWg;gpdHfs; fh.rptj;jk;gp> nghd;. G+Nyhfrpq;fk;> m.rz;Kfjh];> r.mk;gpidghfd;> eh.Rg;gpukzpad;> M.rptNerr;nry;td; MfpNahH.

khehl;bd; xU mk;rkhf MWkfehtyuJ rpiy nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J CHtykhff; nfhz;L tug;gl;L aho;g;ghzk; ey;YhH njw;F tPjpapy; epWtg;gl;lJ.

MWKfehtyH rigapd; jiytH Mf Kd;dhs; ePjpaurH .tP. rptRg;gpukzpak; ,Ue;jhH. nghJ mikg;Gr; nrayhsH Mf vd;. Nrhkfhe;jd; ,Ue;jhH.

MWKfehtyH rig ehtyH Ehw;whz;L tpohit elj;JfpwJ vd;W ntspAyFf;Fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhYk; mjid Kd;dpd;W elj;jpatHfs; jkpo; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsH rq;fj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfNs. Fwpg;ghf tpoh ntw;wpngw NrhK vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Nrhkfhe;jd; nkj;jg; ghLgl;lhH. mtNu ehtyH rigapd; gjpy; nghJr; nrayhsH MfTk; ,Ue;jhH.

MWKf ehtyuJ jkpo;j; njhz;ilAk; rkaj; njhz;ilAk; itj;J mtiu xU jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahff; fhl;LtJ Ehw;whz;L tpoh elj;jpatHfspd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;fhd rhd;Wfisj; jpul;LtJ mtHfsJ Ntiyahf ,Ue;jJ.

Kd;dH $wpaJ Nghy MWKf ehtyiu njd;dpyq;if rpq;fs – gTj;j Njrpathjpahd mefhupf jHkghyupd; tlapyq;ifg; gjpg;ghf fhl;l vLj;j Kaw;rp ntw;wpngwtpy;iy.

MWKf ehtyH msg;gupa jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; rkaj; njhz;Lk; Mw;wpdhH vd;gjpy; ve;j ma;aKk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; mjd; mbg;gilapy; mtiu xU jkpo;j; Njrpathjpahfg; ghHg;gJ> ghHf;f KidtJ nghUe;jhJ.

jkpo;j; Njrpaj;jpd; milahsk; nkhop> rkak; md;W. ehtyupd; jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; NgusT rkak; rhHe;jjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. vdNt mtiu xU Njrpathjp vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; mlf;f KbahJ.

NkYk; MWKfehtyH midj;Jj; jkpoiuAk; nkhopapd; mbg;gilapYk; rkaj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; xd;W jpul;batH my;yH.

MWKfehtyH jhd; fl;ba jkpo;g; gs;spf;$lf; fjTfis jkpo; kf;fspy; %d;wpy; xU gFjpapdUf;F milj;J itj;jhH. mNj Nghy; irtf; Nfhapy;fspd; fjTfis gQ;rkH vd ,e;J kjk; Kj;jpiu Fj;jpj; js;sp itj;j kf;fSf;Ff; nfl;bahfg; G+l;b itj;jhH.

jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l jPz;lhikiaf; fhuzk; fhl;bNa fpwpj;Jt ghjpupkhH ,e;Jj; jkpoHfis rkak; khw;wpdhHfs;. mg;gbr; rkak; khwpatHfis mtHfs; gs;spf;$lq;fspy; NrHj;jhHfs;. Njthyaf; fjTfisAk; jpwe;J itj;jhHfs;.

MWKfehtyUf;F jkpo; kf;fspy; xU rhuhH kjk; khWtjw;fhd fhuzpfs; njupe;jpUe;Jk; jPz;lhikia vd;w Nehia xopj;J irtj;ijf; fhg;ghw;w Kd;tutpy;iy. fy;tpf; $lq;fis jPz;lhjhUf;Fj; jpwe;J tpl;Lj; jkpio tsHf;f epidf;ftpy;iy.

irtj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fk; rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fk; rhjp mikg;Gg; ngupa Kl;Lf; fl;ilahf> jilahf> jlq;fyhf ,Ue;jij itjPf irtuhd MWKfehtyuhy; fz;L nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

MwKfehtyupd; irtg; gzpAk; jkpo;j; njhz;Lk; caHrhjp jkpoHfis ikag;gLj;jpNa ,Ue;jd. mtuJ Gwr; rka fz;ldq;fs;> cgNjrq;fs; caHrhjpapdiu ikakhf itj;Nj $wg;gl;ld. ehtyH caHrhjpapdupd; Vfg; gpujpepjpahf ,Ue;jhH vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. ,e;jg; ghj;jpuk; mtH xU rhjpntwpaH vd;w gl;lj;ijj; Njbf; nfhLj;jJ.

MWKf ehtyH vOjpa irttpdhtpilapy; “vtHfsplj;jpNy Nghrdk; gz;zyhfhJ?” vd;w tpdhTf;F tpil……….. jho;e;j rhjpahuplj;jpYk;… Nghrdk; gz;zf;$lhJ” vd;gjhFk;.

Kjyhk; ghy ghlj;jpy; “ey;nyhOf;fk;” vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jPz;lj; jfhj rhjpahiuAk; …. jPz;bdhYk;……cLj;j t];jpuj;JlNd ];dhdk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Njthya juprdk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jpUf;NfhapYs;Ns Nghtjw;F Nahf;fpaHfsy;yhj rhjpahHfs;…….” vd nkhj;j jkpo; kf;fspd; njhifapy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L tpOf;fhl;bdiu MWKfehtyH ‘md;Ng rptk;” vd;w rkaj;jpd; Nguhy; Nfhapy;fSf;Fk; gs;spf;$lq;fSf;Fk; ntspNa epWj;jptpl;lhH!

aho;g;ghz rka epiy vd;w ntspaPl;by; fpwpj;jt ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jkJ gps;isfis mDg;gpa caHrhjpapdiu Vsdk; nra;J fz;bf;Fk; tifapy;” jq;fs; gps;isfisg; ghjpupkhH tPl;bNy fPo;r;rhjpahNuhLk; NghrdQ; nra;tpj;Jr; rhjpahrhuj;ijAk; rkahrhuj;ijAk; ,og;gpj;J mtHfNshL jhq;fSk; fye;J> mt;tpuz;ilAk; ,of;fpd;whHfNs! ,tHfs; ,g;gbr; nra;Jk;> vjpupfnsjpNu jiyFdpahH> jhq;fs; irtrkapfnsd;Wk;> rpwpJk; ehzkpd;wp jiynaLg;GlNd ghuhl;lj; njhlq;Ffpd;whHfNs! rPr;rP! m/njd;d kjpkaf;fk;” vdf; $wpaJ rhjpahrhuj;ijf; filg;gpbg;gjpy; MWKfehtyH vt;tsT ,Wf;fkhf ,Ue;jhH vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

mz;il ehlhd ,e;jpahtpy; uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uhapd; gpuk;k rkh[k;> Mupa rkh[k; Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fs; ,e;J rkaj;ijf; fhyj;NjhL xg;g Nkw;nfhz;l rPHjpUj;jq;fis MWKfehtyH fz;L nfhs;stpy;iy. tpjit kWkzk;> Mz;-ngz; rkj;Jtk;> cld;fl;il VWjy;> jPz;lhik Nghd;w rKjhar; rpf;fy;fSf;F ,e;j mikg;Gf;fs; jPHTfhzg; Nghuhbd.

Mdhy; ehtyNuh rhjpf;F Cw;whd Ntjq;fs; irtj;Jf;F gpukhz EhyhfTk; Nahapy;fspy; XJtjw;F cupait vd;Wk; “Ntj ehd;fpYk; nka;g; nghUs; MtJ ehjd; ekr;rpthaNt” vd;Wk; tw;GWj;jpdhH.

NkNy RwpathW MwKfehtyH itjPf irtuhf (,e;Jthf) mjp jPtpur; rhjpg; gw;NwhL ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhNyNa mtH xU rhjpntwpaH vd;w gl;lk; mtH Nfl;fhkNy mtUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ.

MWKfehtyH irtHfspd; Ntj Ehyhd Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;Nl mtH rka - fy;tpg; gzpfis Mw;wpdhH. mjdhy; Ntjhfkq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j rhjp jPz;lhik ,uz;ilAk; mtuhy; Gwe;js;s Kbatpy;iy. Ntjk; Mfkk; ,uz;Lk; rptd; mUspjhapw;Nw!

irt rkaj;jpy; cs;s fiwfisf; fioe;J> Fiwfis ePf;fp GJikf; fUj;Jf;fisg; GFj;jp mjid etPdg; gLj;jpapUf;fyhk; Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;a mtuJ fz;%bj;jdkhd Ntjhfkg; gw;W ,lq;nfhLf;ftpy;iy.

MWKfehtyH irt Mfkq;fs; xg;ghj topghl;L Kiwfisf; fz;bj;jhH. rptNd KOKjw; flTs; vd;Wk; gyiug; guk; vd;W nfhz;L tzq;Ffpw rkak; irt rkak; MfhJ vd;gJk; mtuJ thjkhFk;.

Nfhapy;fs; Mfk Kiwg;gb mika Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; mq;F Ntj ghuhzKk; Njthu jpUthrfq;fSk; gbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehtyH tw;GWj;jpdhH.

irt rkaj;jpy; epytpa Rlikhld;> Kdpag;gH> fhl;Nlwp> fz;zfp Nghd;w rpW nja;t topghL> capHg;gyp> rjpH Ml;lk;> thz Ntbf;if> gpwH ftdj;ijf; ftu eifayq;fhuk;> tHzg;gl;lhil cLj;jy;> khkpr Nghrdk;> fs; Fbj;jy; Nghd;w Mrhuf; FiwTfis MWKfehtyH fLikahff; fz;bj;jhH.

ey;YhH fe;jrhkp Nfhapy; NjHj; jputpohtpd; NghJ NjH rpy;ypy; ML ntl;Lk; tof;fj;ij epWj;JkhW nrhd;dhH.

flTs; ngaupy; NrHf;fg;gl;l gzk; jdpg;gl;ltHfshw; ifahlg; gLtij> gzk; gpLq;Fk; Nkhrbfis ehtyH mk;gyg;gLj;jpdhH. Nfhapy; Coy;fis ehtyH mk;gyg;gLj;jpa tpjk; “Nfhapy; G+rhupiaj; jhf;fpNdd; Nfhapy; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfty;y> Nfhapy; nfhbatHfspd; $lhukhftplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhNt” vd;w fiyQH fUzhepjpapd; guhrf;jp trdj;ij epidT gLj;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ vd xU fl;Liu MrpupaH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

MWKf ehtyH fdlhtpy; ,d;W ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Mfktpjpfis Kw;whfg; Gwe;js;sp> %Hj;jp> jyk; jPHj;jj;ijf; FopNjhz;bg; Gijj;J rhuhaf; Fjq;fs;> fpl;lq;fpfs;> mq;fhbfs; tzpf Nehf;NfhL jdpahH Nfhapyhf cUkhwp gzk; gwpg;gijg; ghHj;J ve;jr; Rtupy; Ngha; Kl;LtJ vd;gJ njupahky; jpz;lhb ,Ug;ghH!

MWKfehtyupd; Nghgk; Kjypy; irtf; Nfhapy;fspy; Mfktpjpg;gb G+ir nra;aj; njupahj gpuhkzHfs; kPJ jpUk;gpaJ. irtrkaf; FUkhuplk; irthfk mwpTk;> ey;nyhOf;fKk;> rptjPl;irAk;> rptgf;jpAk; mUfpf; fhzg;gl;lik irtj;jpd; myq;Nfhyj;jpw;Fk; rPuopTf;Fk; fhuzk; vd mth Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH.

fpwpj;jt rkaj;jhH irtj;ijg; gw;wp vd;d epidg;ghHfs; vd;w ftiy rpwpJk; ,d;wp irtrkaj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l FiwghLfis ( rhjp ePq;fyhf) MWKfehtyH gfpuq;fkhf vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

irtf; FUkhH Nghyy;yhJ fpwpj;j kjj;ijg; gug;g te;j ghjpupkhHfs; Ntjj;ij ed;F fw;wtHfshfTk;> ey;nyhOf;fk; cilatuhfTk;> njhz;Ls;sk; gilj;jtHfshfTk; ,Ug;gij ehtyH Rl;bf; fhl;lj; jtwtpy;iy. tPPukhKdptH vOjpa ‘NtjpaH xOf;fk;’ vd;w Ehiyg; ghHj;jhNy NtjpaH kl;lj;jpy; ,U rkaj;jhUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; jhujk;kpak; vspjpy; tpsq;Fk;.

“irtrkapfNs! fpwpj;J rka FUkhuhfpa ghjpupkhHfs; jq;fs; ghi\fisAk; mjw;F %y ghi\fisAk; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa fzpj jUf;f G+Nfhs fhNfhshjpfisAk; jq;fs; rka Ehy;fisAk; gbj;Jj; njHe;J guPl;irapw; rpj;jpngw;w neLe;Jhuj;jpdpd;Wk; ,q;Fte;J> ek;Kila Njr ghi\fisAk; ePjp Ehy;fisAk; rpwpjhapDk; fw;Wg; gpurq;fpf;fpwhHfNs! cq;fs; rka FUkhUs;Ns rpynuhopa> kw;wtHfs; me;jpNal;bg; gl;NlhiyjhDk;> ,d;DQ; nrhy;ypd; me;jpNal;bnad;Dk; ngaHjhDk; gpioaw vOj mwpahHfNs! nfl;b! nfl;b!!

rpthfkj;jpy; xU RNyhfkhapDe; Njthu jpUthrfq;fspy; xU ghl;lhapDe; jpUts;Stupy; xU FwshapDk; mwpahj kdpjg; gjHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

rkzrkaj;Jr; nrl;br;rp (fz;zfpf;F) tpf;fpufj;jpd; ,Ugf;fj;jpYk; tpehaff; flTs; tpf;fpukKQ; Rg;gpukzpaf; flTs; tpf;fpuKQ; mQ;rhJ itj;Jg; G+ir cw;rt Kjypad nra;fpd;w mjpghjfHfSQ; FUkhuhk;! (,d;W Mfkj;Jf;Fk; irtj;Jf;Fk; Gwkhd ma;ag;gDf;F Nfhapy;fs; vOg;GtijAk;> ma;ag;g tpf;fpufj;Jf;Fg; gpuhkzHfs; G+ir nra;tijAk; MWKfehtyH fhz NeHe;jhy; jiyapy; mb mb vd;W mbj;Jf; nfhs;thH vd epr;rak; ek;gyhk;!)

rkzrkaf; flTshfpa mUfd; NkNy ghlg;gl;l jpUEhnwd;gjw;Fk; epUePnwd;gjw;Fk; Ngjk; njupahkYk; jpUEhw;we;jhjpapNy tpG+jpapd; kfpik nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ> mjpy; xU Gj;jfk; thq;fpj; jukhl;Buh vd;fpd;w mNrjdjpyfHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

“khzpf;fthrfH ghbd jpUthrk; xd;W thq;fpNdd;> mtH ghba Njthuk; xd;W thq;fpj; jukhl;Buh” vd;fpd;w %lrNde;jpuHfSQ; irtrka FUkhuhk;!

“gukrptDila ma;e;J Kfq;fSs;Ns <rhd Kfk; CHj;Jt Kfnkd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpd;wNj! CHj;Jt KfkhtJ mz;zhe;J fplf;fpd;w KfkhNk! mg;gbahdhy; mgpNrfk; gz;Zk;nghOJ jPHj;jk; %f;fpDs;Ns NghNk! Nghdhy; Rthkpf;Fr; ryNjh\k; nfhs;SNk! ahJ gz;zyhk;” vd;fpd;w mQ;Qhd rpNuhz;kzpfSQ; irtka FUkhuhk;!”

ePq;fs; tUj;jpr; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhLf;f mtHfs; vspjpy; thq;fp cz;LLj;Jf;nfhz;L ntl;fk; rpwpJkpy;yhky; khg;gps;is khLfs; Nghyj; jpupfpd;whHfNs” (MWKfehtyH gpuge;jj; jpul;L - aho;g;ghzr; rkaepiy)

nfhQ;rk; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L ,jid NtW ahNuh gbf;ff; Nfl;lhy; <.Nt.uh. ngupahHjhd; ,g;gb ,e;J FUkhHfisj; jpl;LfpwhNuh vd;w ma;ak; kdjpy; vOk;!

(tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

ehad;khHfSf;F G+ir nra;a kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs;!

(3)

rkaj;ijj; Jiwawf; fw;W mjid tsHf;fTk; ehY NgUf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;yTk; Nahf;fpaij ,y;yhJ ntWk; rlq;FfspYk; rk;gpuhjaq;fspYk; gpioj;Jf; fple;j gpuhkzf; FUkhH kPJ MWKfehtyH fhl;ba rpdk; kiyg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

kdpjg; gjH> mjpghjfHfs;> khg;gps;is khLfs;> %lmNrjdjpyfHfs;> mQ;Qhd rpNuhkzpfs; vdg; gOf;ff; fha;r;rpa nrhy; mk;Gfshy; MWKfehtyH irtFUkhiu mUr;rpj;jpUg;gJ mtiuj; Njhspy; Jhf;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;lhLk; irtHfSf;Nf njupahJ NghYk;!

MWKf ehtyH gd;Kf MSik nfhz;ltH vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghby;iy. Vl;Lr; Rtbfshf ,Ue;j goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz Ehy;fis mr;R thfdk; Vw;wpdhH. jhNd ciu eilapy; Ehy;fs; vOjpAk; gioa Ehy;fSf;F ciu vOjpAk; ntspapl;lhH. ngupa Guhzk;> fe;jGuhzk;> jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; Mfpatw;Wf;F trdk; vOjpj;; jahupj;jy;> ed;EhYf;F ciu nra;jy; (ed;Dhw; fhz;bifAiu) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilf;F ciu ,aw;wy; kw;wk; gupNkyofH ciu> njhy;fhg;gpak; NrdhtiuaH ciu> nrhy;fhg;gp #j;jpu tpUj;jp> ,yf;fzf;nfhj;J Kjypatw;iw gjpg;gpj;Jk; my;yJ gjpg;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dH gupNrhjpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH.

ehtyH tz;zhHgz;iz irtg; gpufhr tpjpahrhiy> rpjk;guk; irt tpj;jpahrhiy> rpjk;guk; Ntjhfk ghlrhiy> tz;iz irt Mq;fpy tpj;jpahrhiy> nfhOk;Gj;Jiw ehtyH tpj;jpahrhiy Kjypa gy irtg; ghlrhiyfis epWtpdhH.

ey;iyefH MWKf ehtyH gpwe;jpyNuy;

nrhy;Yjkp noq;Nf RUjpnaq;Nf – vy;ytUk;

Vj;JGuh zhfkq;fs; vq;Nfg;u rq;fnkq;Nf

Mj;jdwp ntq;Nf miw.

vd rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is Nghd;w gyH gygl ehtyiug; Nghw;wpdhYk; mtuJ rkag; gw;NwhL jkpo;g; gw;iw xg;gpLk; nghOJ rkag; gw;Nw tpQ;rp epw;fpwJ. ,jid “rpyH irt rkaj;ij jkpoH rkak; vd;fpwhHfs;> irtf; Nfhapy;fisj; jkpo;f; Nfhapy;fs; vd;fpwhHfs;. jkpo; xUnkhop. irtk; xU rkak;> ,uz;Lk; xd;wy;y” vd;w mtuJ $w;why; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

mbg;gilapy; ehtyH xU goikthjp. itjPf irtH. ehy; Ntjj;ijAk; gjpnzz; Mfkq;fisAk; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. rkar; rlq;Ffshfpa jPl;irfis Nkw;nfhz;L mtw;wpy; jtwhJ xOfpdhH. ,jid Vw;fdNt Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;Nsd;.

MWKfehtyH irtHfspd; Ntj Ehyhd Ntjhfkk; vd;w ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; epd;W nfhz;Nl mtH rka - fy;tpg; gzpfis Mw;wpdhH. mjdhy; rptd; mUspa Ntjhfkq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j rhjp jPz;lhik ,uz;ilAk; mtuhy; Gwe;js;s Kbatpy;iy.

MWKfehtyH irt Mfkq;fs; xg;ghj topghl;L Kiwfisf; fz;bj;jhH. rptNd KOKjw; flTs; vd;Wk; gyiug; guk; vd;W tzq;Ffpw rkak; irt rkak; MfhJ vd;gJk; mtuJ thjkhFk;.

ehtyH Ngzpf; fhj;j irtk; itjPf irtk; MFk;. rkak; gw;wp vOJk; nghOJ jd; fUj;jhf vijAk; vOJtjpy;iy. mbg;gilapy; gpuhkzpa Nkyhz;ikia ehtyH Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; rpthfkj;Jf;F khwhf elf;Fk; gpuhkzHfis mtH fz;bf;fj; jtwtpy;iy. jpUtpoh> G+ir> cUj;jpuhgpNrfk;> gypapLjy;> XJthHfs; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; Mfkq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpd;wdNth mtw;iwf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehtyH tw;GWj;jpdhH.

ehtyUf;F Nuhrhg; G+ ed;F gpbf;Fk;. jhd; nra;Ak; rptG+irapy; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpdhH. Mdhy; rpt G+rhtpjp vd;w Ehiy vOJk; NghJ G+irf;Fupa G+f;fspy; xd;whf Nuhrhitr; NrHf;ftpy;iy. ,J mtuJ itjPf irtrkag; Nghf;Ff;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhllhFk;.

vy;NyhUk; nfhz;lhLk; ey;YhHf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; Mfk newpg;gb mikatpy;iy vd;gjhy; ehtyH mjidAk; tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. ehtyH vjidAk; gr;irg;gb nrhy;gtH. mjw;F ,e;jf; fz;ldk; ey;y vLj;Jf; fhl;L.

“,f; Nfhapypd; ngaH ahJ? fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;! ,q;fpUf;fpd;w %Hj;jp fe;jRthkpah? ,y;iy! fe;jRthkpapd; tbtk; NtyhAjkh? mJ mtH ifg; gilf; fyk;. mtNuty; nra;Ak; mbik.”

tuyhw;W mbg;gilapy; fe;jRthkp topghL gpe;jpaJ. Nty; topghL Ke;jpaJ. njhy;fhg;gpak; ma;tif epyq;fSf;Fk; cupa nja;tq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

khNahd; Nka fhLiw cyfKk;
NrNahd; Nka iktiu cyfKk;
Nte;jd; Nka jPk;Gdy; cyfKk;
tUzd; Nka ngUkzy; cyfKk;
Ky;iy FwpQ;rp kUjk; nea;jy; vdr;
nrhy;ypa Kiwahy; nrhy;yTk; gLNk! (njhy;. nghUs; mfj;jpiz 951)

jpUkhy; tpUk;Gfpd;w fhLila Ky;iy epyKk;> KUfd; tpUk;Gfpd;w Nkfk; R+o;e;j kiyiaAila FwpQ;rp epyKk;> ,e;jpud; tpUk;Gfpd;w kpFjpahd ePiuAila kUj epyKk;> tUzd; tpUk;Gfpd;w kpFjpahd kziyAila nea;jy; epyKk; vd Kiwahfr; nrhy;yg; ngWk;.

Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; Ntdpy; ntk;ikahy; jpupe;j NghJ ghiy vdg;gl;L mjw;Fupa nja;tk; nfhw;wit my;yJ fd;dp vd njhy;fhg;gpa ,sk;G+uzhH ciuahy; mwpag;gLfpwJ. nfhw;wit topghL gpw;fhyj;jpy; JHf;if> fhspNjtp topghlhf khwpaJ.

njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; rpt topghNlh> rptkjNkh ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpYk; rptd; vd;w ngaupy; ahnjhU nja;tKk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpa filr;rq;f ,yf;fpf;fpaq;fspy; rptidg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. "Kf;fl; nry;tH efH" vdg; GwehDhw;wpd; 6 Mk; ghly; Fwpf;fpwJ. Ehw;wpj; njhz;Zhw;nwl;lhtJ ghly; jpUkhiy "My; mkH flTs;" vdf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyk;NghyNt rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspilNa Nt&d;wp ,Ue;j topghL eLfy; tzf;fkhFk;. Gwg;ghly; 265 CUf;Fg; Gwj;Nj ,Ue;j jplypy; Ntq;if kyHfis nts;spa gde;Njhl;NlhL tputpj; njhLj;J khiyia mzptpj;J NfhtyH xU tPuDf;F fy; el;lijf; $WfpwJ.

rq;f fhyj;jpy; FwpQ;rp epyj;jpy; eilngw;w NrNahd; topghL epynty;iyiaf; fle;J ehLKOJk; nrt;Nts; topghlhfg; gutpa fhyk; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpd; ,WjpahFk;. nghJthf ele;j nrt;Nts; topghL kJiuia mLj;Js;s jpUg;guq;Fd;wk;> Fkupf; flw;fiuia mLj;Js;s jpUr;nre;JhH> jpUthtpdd;Fb> jpUNtufk;> goKjpHNrhiy Kjypa CHfspy; rpwg;ghf topglg;gl;ld. ,jidf; filr;rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fshd jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> gupghly; top njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; ts;spapd; ehafdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;l nrt;Nts; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpud; kfshd nja;tahidapd; ehafdhfTk; rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

FwpQ;rp epy kf;fspd; Fy nja;tkhd nrt;Nts; topghl;by; Ntypidf; ifapy; Ve;jp MLk; Ntyidf; nfhz;L kwpapidg; gypapl;Lf; FUjpnahL tputpa gpuk;guprpapidAk; jpidapidAk; gilj;J topgLk; KiwapidAk; ke;jpu kugpy; gpuhkzH nra;Ak; topghl;L KiwAk; vd ,Utif topghl;L KiwAk; ,lk; ngw;wnjd;gij NkNy nrhd;d jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilAk; gupghly; ,uz;bdhYk; mwpayhk;.

nrt;Nts; topghL NghyNt khNahd; topghL Ky;iy epynty;iyiaf; fle;J ehLKOJk; jpUkhy; topghlhfg; gutpa fhyk; filr;rq;f fhyj;jpd; ,WjpahFk;.

MWKfehtyiug; nghWj;jstpy; Nty; fe;jRthkpapd; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; MAjk;> mJ fUtiw topghl;Lf;F cupajy;y vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; Ntiy mfw;Wk; mtuJ Kaw;rp ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. mJ NghyNt rpW nja;t topghL> fz;zfp topghL Mfpatw;Wf;F vjpuhf mtH vOg;gpa Fuy; vLglhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ehtyH fz;zfpia rkzr; nrl;br;rp vdj; jpl;bdhH.

gpuhkzH irtrpj;jhe;j newpf;F Vw;g rpt jPl;ir> Mr;rhupa jPl;ir cilatuhfTk; Ntjhfkk;> Njthu jpUthrfk; Xjp czHe;jtHfshfTk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.

MWKf ehtyH fhyj;jpy; jpy;iy jPl;rjHfs; 63 ehad;khUf;F G+ir nra;a kWj;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; rpthfkq;fis epe;jpj;J mtw;wpy; $wg;gLk; jPl;irfspdhy; vJtpj gyDk; ,y;iynad;Wk; mJ fhuzkhfNt jhq;fs; rpthfkj;ij gpukhzkhff; nfhs;shkYk; jPl;ir ngwhkYk; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;Wk; jpy;iy Nfhapy; fpupiffs; ahTk; Ntjj;Jf;F kl;Lk; cupajhd itjPff; fpupiffNs vd;Wk; nrhy;yhly; nra;jdH.

,Nj Nghd;w epiy aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tho;e;j Nfhapy; mUr;rfHfsplKk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhNyNa rptjPl;ir ,y;yhj itjPfg; gpuhkzH ifahNy tpG+jp re;jdk; thq;fpg; G+r ehtyH kWj;jhH. rptjPl;ir cilNahH mt;thW ,y;yhNjhiu tzq;FtjpYk;> mtHfisr; rpuhHj;jk; Kjypatw;wpNy tUtpj;jYk; rpthfktpNuhnkdj; Jzpe;J ehtyH mtw;iwj; jtpHj;jhH.

NkYk; mtH njhlf;fpa rpjk;gu irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyfspNy Ntjk; nghJ Mfkk; rpwg;G vd;Wk;> itjPf khHf;fj;jpy; xOFNthH Gz;zpaNyhfq;fis miltHfnsd;Wk;> irtkhHf;fj;jpy; xOFNthk; gjKj;jpfisAk;> guKj;jpapidAk; miltHfs; vd;Wk;> ,tw;iw miltjw;Fj; jiyahajhd rptjPl;irapidg; ngw;Nwahf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ehtyH gpurq;fpj;jhH.

rpthfk newpapidg; Ngzp irt rkaj;ij tsHf;f ehtyH ghLgl;lhH. NtjNk ahtw;Wf;Fk; gpukhzkhf nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Nthupd; fUj;Jf;fis mtH mbNahL kWj;Jiuj;jhH. ,jd; xU $whf irtHfs; ahH vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzk; tFj;jhH.

“Rj;j rhl;Fz;zpa gupG+uzuhfpa gukgjp rptngUkhNd vd;W Jzpe;jtHfsha;> nfhiy> fsT> fs;Szy;> GyhYzy;> gpwd;kid tpiojy;> tiutpd; kfspH tpiojy;> ngha;r;rhd;Wiuj;jy; Kjypa ghtq;fs; ,y;yhjtHfsha;> ,uf;fk;> tha;ik> nfhil> Kjypa Gz;zpaq;fis cilaHfsha;> FUyf;fpzk; Fiwtw mike;j irtrhupaiu mile;J rptjPl;ir ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfsha;> tpG+jp cUj;jpuhl;jhuzk;> re;jpahte;jdk;> =gQ;rhl;ru n[gk;> rptj;jpahdk;> rpthya Nrit> rptypq;fG+ir> FUthf;fpa gupghydk;> kNfRu G+ir Kjypatw;iwr; rpthfktpjpg;gb nka;ad; NghL nra;gtHfsha; cs;stHfNs irtHfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtH. (ngupaGuhz trdk;)

ehtyupd; tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;F mika xOFk; irtHfs; ahuhtJ ,d;W ,Uf;fpwhHfsh vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. rhjhuz irtHfs; Nghfl;Lk;. ehtyH itj;Js;s ,e;jj; NjHtpy; Nfhapy; mUr;rfH vtNuDk; fiuNaWthHfNsh njupahJ!

kfhftp ghujpahH ghba ghly; tupfs; “ghHg;gd Fyk; nfl;lopT va;jpa ghoile;j fypAfkhjyhy; NtHg;g NtHg;gg; nghUs; nra;tnjhd;iwNa Nkd;ik nfhz;l njhopnydf; nfhz;ldd;” ,d;Wk; nghUj;jkhfNt cs;sd.

,d;W irtupy; 99 tpOf;fhl;bdH rptjPl;ir ngwtpy;iy> cUj;jpuhl;rk; mzptjpy;iy> re;jpahte;jdk; nra;tjpy;iy. njhz;ZhW tpOf;fhl;bdH GyhYzT cz;;fpwhHfs;! Mz;fspy; 50 tpOf;fhl;bdH fs;Sz;ZfpwhHfs;!

jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; 63 ehad;khH G+ir nra;a kWj;jjw;F mtHfspy; rpyH fPo;r; rhjpapduhf ,Ue;jikNa fhuzkhFk;.

mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfspy; ngw;whd; rhk;gd; (ee;jd;) gpwg;gpdhy; GiyaH rhjp. mNj Nghy; fz;zg;gd; fhl;by; tpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahb tho;e;j Ntld;> jpUePyfz;l aho;g;ghzH ghzH> jpUePyfz;l ehadhH FatH> Re;ju%Hj;jp ehadhH guj;ijaH Fyj;jpy; gpwe;j guitahiuj; jpUkzk; nra;jtH. mjpgj;j ehadhH EisaH (kPd; gpbg;gtH) jpU%y ehadhH> Mdha ehadhH ,UtUk; ,ilaH> Vdhjp ehadhH rhd;whH> fypa ehadhH nrf;fhH. vQ;rpatHfs; murH> me;jzH> MjpirtH> NtshsH vd ntt;NtW tFg;gpduhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,jpy; ee;jd; jpy;iytho; jPl;rfHfshy; capNuhL vupj;Jf; nfhy;yg;gl;ltH vd;gJ epidT nfhs;sj;jf;fJ. ee;jd; jpy;iyf; NfhapYf;Fs; cs; Eise;j 9tJ thry; ,d;Wk; G+l;lg;gl;Lf; fplf;fpwJ. Nfhapy; jPl;Lg;gl;L tpl;lNj fhuzkhFk;. xNunahU ee;jdhy; KOf; NfhapYNk jPl;Lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;gJ rupahdhy; jpy;iyf; Nfhapiy tpl ee;jd; ma;aUf;F (ngupaGuhzk; vOjpa Nrf;fpohH mg;gbj;jhd; ee;jid milnkhop nfhz;L miof;fpwhH) Mw;wy; mjpfk; cz;L vd;W nfhs;syhkh?

ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;aTk; ghuhazk; gz;zTk; topghbaw;wTk; kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; ehtyupd; fLk; fz;ldj;Jf;F MshdhHfs;.

“;,f;fhhyj;J ];khHj;jg; gpuhkzUs;Ns gyH mWgj;J%d;W ehad;khiu topglf; $Rfpd;whHfs;. mtHfSila cw;rtq;fspNy NtjghuhazQ; nra;ahJ kWf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfSila mUik ngUikfisr; rpwpJk; rpe;jpahJ mtHfis Ntz;bathW epe;jpf;fpd;whHfs;. ma;aa;Nah ,J vt;tsT mjpghjfk;? X irtrkapfNs> cq;fnsjpNu 63 ehad;khHfis epe;jpf;Fk; ];khHj;jHfisf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L> mtHfisj; jiyFdpa itj;J mtHfs; thia milAq;fs;” vd;W 5 tpdhf;fisg; ehtyH gl;bay; gLj;jpdhH.

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs; vd ehtyuhy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;NlhH ahtH? ( tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;“ mjd; kW gf;fk;

ehy;Ntjj;jpd; rhuNk irtk;!

(4)

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs; vd;NghH Ntjj;jpd; fHkfhz;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;WgtHfs;. Ntjk; kl;LNk mtHfsJ gpukhzkhFk;.

];khHj;j vd;w tlnrhy; FU nrhd;dij epidtpy; itj;jpUg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;il cUthf;fpa Mjp rq;fuH (8 Mk; Ehw;whz;L) Nfusj;jpy; fyb vd;w Cupy; gpwe;j ek;G+jpupg; gpuhkzH MthH.

rq;fuupd; mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gpd;gw;WNthH ngUk;ghd;ik ];khHj;j gpuhkzuhf ,Ug;gjhy; ,uz;Lk; (mj;Jitjk;> ];khHj;jk;) ,d;W xNu nghUspy; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

];khHj;jg; gpuhkzupy; xU gpuptpdH itztH MthH. GNuhfpjk; nra;Ak; ];khHj;jH jk; Fyj;jhHf;F kl;LNk GNuhfpjk; nra;tH. gpuhkzH my;yhjhUf;Fg; GNuhfpjk; nra;ahH. mjw;nfdj; jdpg; gpuptpdH csH. (jkpoH ehfupfKk; gz;ghLk; - gf;fk; 527)

rq;fuNu rptid topgLk; irtk;> jpUkhiy topgLk; itztk;> rf;jpia topgLk; rhf;jk;> fzgjpia topgLk; fhzhgj;ak;> #upaid topgLk; rTuk;> KUfid (];fe;jd;) topgLk; fTkhuk; Mfpa 6 rkaq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;jtH.

mj;Jitjk; nghUspay; cyfk; khia> gpuk;kk; cz;ik> gpukj;jpy; ,Ue;J Ntwhd Md;khf;fs; ,y;iy> gpukk;jhd; midj;Jkha;j; njupfpwJ> gpukKk; capHfSk; gpupg;gpd;wp cs;sd> mit ,uz;by;iy xd;Wjhd; (,Ujpwd; md;ik) vd;fpwJ.

rq;fuupd; mj;Jitjf; Nfhl;ghL "gpurd;d gTj;jk;" vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Gj;jH rkar; rlq;FfisAk; capHf; nfhiy nra;J elj;Jk; Nts;tpr; rlq;FfisAk; vjpHj;Jg; gug;Giu nra;jhH. capH nfhy;yhik tpujj;ijg; Nghjpj;jhH.

'Nts;tpapy; gypaplg;gLk; Fjpiu> khL Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs; RtHf;fj;Jf;Fg; Nghfpd;wd vd gpuhkzHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. mJ cz;ikahdhy; mtHfs; jq;fs; jha; je;ijaiu Nts;tpapy; gyp nfhLj;J RtHf;fj;Jf;F mDg;gyhNk' vdg; Gj;jH fhl;lkhff; flhtpdhH.

mjd; vjpnuhypahfNt gpuhkzHfs; Nts;tpfspy; tpyq;Ffisg; gypapLk; tof;fj;ijAk; GyhYzitAk; iftpl;ldH.

Ntjj;jpd; njhlf;f fhykhd fHk fhz;lj;jpy; Jitj nfhs;iff;fhd rlq;FfSk; Nts;tpfSNk typAWj;jg;gl;ld. cgepljq;fspy;jhd; Gwtag;gl;l 'fHk fhupaq;fs;' xJf;fpj; js;sg;gl;L> mftag;gl;l mj;Jitj rpe;jid rpwg;gpj;Jg; Ngrg; gLfpwJ.

rq;fuHjhd; ,e;J kjj;Jf;F Kiwahd jj;Jt ,ay; Njhd;whj fhyj;jpy; Gjikahd Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;fpatH. ehk; fhZk; cyfk; khia vd;whH. ,Uspy; gSij ghk;ghfj; njuptJ Nghyg; gpuk;kk; cyfkhfj; njupfpwJ. Mdhy; mJ cz;ikay;y. Jhf;fj;jpy; fdT fhz;fpNwhk;. fdTyfpy; tho;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; fz; tpopj;jJk; fdT fz;lJ nka; vd;whYk; fdtpy; ele;jit ngha;ahfp tpLfpd;wd. mJ Nghy tpopg;gpy; kha cyfpy; tho;fpNwhk;. ,t;thW rq;fuupd; rpf;fyhd khahthjj;Jf;F tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fpwhHfs;.

ehtyH rq;fuupd; mj;Jitj Nfhl;ghl;il Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf xU flTs; Nfhl;ghl;il typAWj;Jk; Rj;jhj;Jtpj Nfhl;ghbid Kd;dpWj;jpdhH.

“mj;JtpjkhtJ Md;kNghjKk; fz;nzhspAk; Nghyr; rptKk; Md;khTk; jk;Ks; ,uz;lw xw;Wikg;gl;L epw;wy;. gpukKk; Md;khTnkdg; nghUspuz;by;iy xd;Nwnadf; $WtH khahthjpfs;. rptKk; Md;khTk; NtW nghUnsdTk; mt;tpU nghUNs ,uz;nld Ntw;Wg;glhJ mJtpJtha; xw;Wikg;gl;L xd;wha; epw;F nkdTq; $WtH irtrpj;jhe;jpfs;. mj;Jtpj nkd;DQ; nrhw;F ,uz;bd;ik nadg; nghUs; nfhs;tH khahthjpfs;. ,uz;ld;iknadg; nghUs; nfhs;tH irtrpj;jhe;jpfs;” vd vd Rj;jhj;Jtpj Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F ehtyH tiutpyf;fzk; $WfpwhH.

rq;fuH Njhw;Wtpj;j rq;fu klq;fspd; gPlhjpgjpfshd rq;fuhr;rhupahHfs; ];khHj;jg; gpuhkzHfs;. ];khHj;jHfs; cUt topghl;bw;F vjpuhdtHfs;. Mdhy;> eilKiwapy; mtHfs; cUt topghl;ilg; NgZfpwhHfs;.

,e;J rkaj;jpy; Ntjk; rhHe;j rka topghL> Ntjk; rhuhj rka topghL vd ,Utpj topghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Ntjk; rhHe;jJ MupaHfSf;Fk; Ntjk; rhuhjJ jpuhtplHfSf;Fk; cupaJ vd;fpwhHfs;. Ntjk; rhHe;j Nts;tpr; rlq;Ffis cs;slf;fpa topghL epfkk; vd;Wk; Ntjk; rhuhj G+ir topghL Mfkk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.

jw;NghJ ,e;J - irtf; Nfhapy;fspy; epfkk; Mfkk; ,uz;ilAk; xd;whf ,izj;J G+iriaAk; Nts;tpr; rlq;FfisAk; xd;whfr; nra;fpd;wdH.

jq;fs; nry;thf;if caHj;jpf; nfhs;sNt FUf;fs;khH jhq;fs; MupaNtjpaH (gpuhkzH) ,dj;ijr; NrHe;j irt me;jzH (gl;lH) vd;wdH. jkpo;nkhopiaj; js;sptpl;L kf;fs; mwpahj tlnkhopapy; vy;yhr; rlq;FfisAk; elj;jpdH. Nfhapy;fspy; nja;tq;fspd; jkpo;g; ngaHfis khw;wp tlnkhopg; ngaHfisr; #l;bdH. Co;tpidahy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fisj jf;f gupfhuj;jhy; Nghf;FNthk; vd;wdH. Md;khitg; gw;wpa Kk;kyq;fisAk; jPf;ifahy; jPHg;Nghk; vd;wdH.

irtk; vdpd; rptj;ijj; jOtpaJ vd;gNj nghUshapDk; cyf tof;fpy; irtk; vd;why; Gyhy; cz;zhik vd;gNj nghUshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. (rpttopghL – gf;fk; 45)

mbg;gilapy; ,e;J rkak; MupaUila Ntj rkaNkahFk;. irtrkaj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; mjpy; NgusT Mupa Ntj rkaf; $WfSk; rpw;wsT jpuhtplf; $WfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ePUk; G+Tk; nfhz;L nra;ag;gLk; jpUkhy; topghLk; KUf topghLk; jpuhtplf; $Wfshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; jpUkhy; topghLk; KUf topghLk; KiwNa MupauJ fhj;jy; flTs; tp\;ZNthLk; NghHf; flTs; ];fe;jNdhLk; ,izf;fg;gl;ld.

fe;jRthkpf;F ts;sp - nja;thid vd;w ,U NjtpaH tha;j;jjw;F ,e;j ,izg;Ng fhuzkhFk;.

irt rkak; Ntjk; rhHe;jJjhd; vd;gjw;F rka FutHfs; ghba Njthu jpUthrfj;jpNyNa rhd;Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jkpofj;jpy; rkzk;> gTj;jk; ,uz;Lk; gutp Ml;rp nra;j fhyj;jpy; rptnewpia epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhf rk;ge;jH> mg;gH> M&uhH> khzpf;fthrfH Njhd;wpdhHfs;.

jkpo;ehl;by; rkzKk; gTj;jKk; fpgp 7 Mk; Ehw;whz;Ltiu ve;jtpj vjpHg;Ngh Nghuhl;lNkh ,d;wp ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd.

jpUQhdrk;ge;juJ tho;f;ifiag; gw;wpf; $Wk; ngupaGuhzk; mtH Ntjnewp gutTk; rptdbahHfspd; kuG nghypTwTk; mtjupj;jjhfr; nrg;GfpwJ.

Ntnewp jioj;Njhq;f kpFiritj;Jiw tpsq;fg;

G+jguk; giunghypa Gdpjtha; kyHe;jOj

rPjts tay;Gfypj; jpUQhdrk;ge;jH

ghjkyH jiyf;nfhz;L jpUj;njhz;L guTthk; (ng. Guhzk; 34-1)

irtrkak; Ntjj;jpd; gad; vdg; ngupa Guhzg; ghly; 1219 kpfj; njspthfr; nrhy;fpwJ.

kz;zpd; gadhk; ey; ,irAk;

ghypd; gadhk; ,d;RitAk;

fz;zpd; gadhk; ngUF xspAk;

fUj;jpd; gadhk; vOj;JmQ;Rk;

tpz;zpd; gadhk; nghopkioAk;

Ntjg; gadhk; irtKk; Nghy;

kz;zpd; gadhk; mg; gjpapd;

tsj;jpd; ngUik tuk;G cilj;Njh!

irtk; Ntjj;jpd; cs;Siw (cl;nghUs;) vd ,d;ndhU ghly; (ng. Guhzk; 1837) njuptpf;fpwJ.

Ntj cs;Siw Mad tpupGdy; Ntzp

ehjH jk;ikAk; mtHmb ahiuAk; eae;J

ghjk; mHr;rid GuptJk; gzptJk; vd;Nw

fhyhy; mit ,uz;LNk nra;fUj;J cilahH.

irtrka FutHfspy; xUtuhd rk;ge;jH "Ntj ehd;fpDk; nka;g;nghUshtJ ehjd; ehkk; ekr;rpthaNk” vd;W NeubahfNt ehy; Ntjj;Jf;Fk; irtj;Jf;Fk; cs;s gpupf;f Kbah cwitr; nrhy;fpwhH.

rk;ge;jH NghyNt Vida FutHfSk; jk; ghly;fspy; Ntjj;jpy; cs;s Qhdghjj;ij vLj;Jf; $wpdhHfs;. rk;ge;jH jd;id 'ehd;kiw ty;y Qhdrk;ge;jd;" vd;W $wpf;nfhs;fpwhH. Ntjk; vOjhf; fpotp> rk;ge;jH ghbaJ "vOJk; kiw" vd;W Nrf;fpohH ngupa Guhzj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

rka FutHfs; jpy;iytho; me;jzHfs; NtjNkhjp> moNyhk;gp ,iwtid topgl;lijf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;. (irtrkaj; Njhw;wKk; tsHr;rpAk; - mjpfhuk; 3)

Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; jhNk Njhd;wpait> mjhtJ kdpjdhy; ,aw;wg;glhky; rptngUkhdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lit vd;W irt rpj;jhe;jk; $WfpwJ. mjidj; jpUKiwfs; mg;gbNa Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sd.

irt rpe;jhj;Jf;F Kjy; Ehy; nka;fz;l NjtH vOjpa rptQhdNghjk; MFk;. Mdhy; ,e;j Ehy; tlnkhopapy; cs;s ,nust Mfkj;jpy; ght tpNkhrdg; glyj;jpy; rptQhd Nghjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; #j;jpuq;fSf;F Neupilahd tlnkhopr; #j;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,jpy; vJ Ke;jpaJ vJ gpe;jpaJ vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpopy; nka;fz;l NjtH vOjpa rptQhd Nghjj;ijj;jhd; tlnkhopapy; nkhopngaHj;Jr; NrHj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;gJ irt rpj;jhe;jpfsJ thjkhFk;.

jkpopYs;s irtrpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuq;fs;> tlnkhopr; nrhw;fs;> fUj;Jf;fs;> jj;Jtq;fs; epiwa vLj;Jf; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd. rptQhdNghjk; vd;w nrhy;ypy; fhzg;gLk; rptd;> Qhdk;> Nghjk; tlnkhopr; nrhw;fshFk;. ,j;jpahjp fhuzq;fshy; irt rpj;jhe;jKk; Vida> ,e;jpa jj;Jt Kiwfs; Nghy tlnkhop %yKila NghYk; vd;w fUj;J mwpQHfspilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. (jkpoH rka tuyhW- gf;fk; 205-206)

nka;fz;lupd; FUthf tpsq;fpa rfyhfk gz;bjNu (jpUj;JiwA+H rjhrpt rpthrhupahH) gpd; mtuJ khzhf;fuhfpwhH. mjd; gpd; mtuJ ngaH mUze;jp rpthrhupahH Mapw;W. ,tNu rptQhdrpj;jp> ,Ugh ,Ug/Jk; vd;w ,uz;L irt rpj;jhe;j jj;Jt Ehy;fis ,aw;wpatH.

mUze;jp rpthrhupahupd; khztH kiwQhdrk;ge;jH> mtUila khztH ckhgjp rpthrhupahH. ,tH gjpdhd;F nka;fz;l rhj;jpuq;fspy; 8 rhj;jpuq;fis vOjpatH. ,tNu rptQhd Nghjj;jpw;F ciu nra;jtH MthH. 'Ntjhe;jj; njspthk; irt rpj;jhe;jk;' vd;W $wp Ntjj;Jf;Fk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;Jf;Fk; cs;s njhlHigf; fhl;LfpwhH. ckhgjp rpthrhupahH jpy;iy jPl;rfHfspy; xUtH.

irtj;Jf;Fk; ,e;J rkaj;Jf;Fk; mjpf NtW ghL ,y;iynad;gijAk; Kd;dJ gpd;djpy; ,Ue;J Njhw;wk; ngw;wij vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt NkNy cs;s juTfis vLj;Jr; nrhd;Ndd;.

nrd;w Ehw;whz;by; irtk; jkpoHfSila rkak; vd kiwkiy mbfshH epWt vLj;j Kaw;rp ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH Fd;wf;Fb mbfshH vLj;j Kaw;rpAk; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy.

xU ehs; ckhgjp rpthrhupahH Nfhapy; G+iria Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L gy;yf;fpy; tPL jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. murd; mspj;jpUe;j mjpfhug;gb Fil> nfhb> rhkuk;> jPtl;b Nghd;wtw;iw Ve;jp mtH gpd;dhy; gzpahl;fs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jdH.

mg;NghJ 'gl;l fl;ilapy; gfw;FUL VFJ ghuPH' vd;nwhU FUy; Nfl;lJ. jhk; gy;yf;fpy; Vwpr; nry;tijAk; Kd;dhy; jPtl;b Ve;jpr; nry;tijg; ghHj;Nj mt;thW $wg;gl;lij ckhgjp czHe;jhH. clNd gy;yf;if tpl;L ,wq;fp mf; FuYf;Fupatiuj; Njbr; nrd;whH. mt;thW $wpatH kiwQhd rk;ge;jH MthH.

ckhgjpiar; Nrhjpf;f vz;zpa rk;ge;jH nerthspfs; tho;e;J te;j xU njUtpy; GFe;J ghTf;F thHf;Fk; fQ;rpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jpf; Fbj;jhH. ckhgjp rpwpJk; jaq;fhky; mtUila Koq;if topNa xOfpa fQ;rpiaj; jk; ifahy; thq;fpg; gUfpdhH. rk;ge;jH mtiuj; jd; rPldhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH.

,jid mwpe;j jpy;iy %thaputH ckhgjpiag; gpuhkz r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; Cupdpd;Wk; tpyf;fp itj;jdH. ehad;khHfspy; xUtuhd ngj;jhd; rhk;gd; ckhgjp elj;jp te;j jpUklj;Jf;F tpwF ntl;bf; nfhz;L te;J nfhLj;jtd;. mtDf;F ckhgjp epHthz jPl;ir nra;a mtd; clNd Kf;jp ngw;whd;.

ckhgjp mtidf; nfhd;Wtpl;ljhf murDf;F Kiwaplg;gl;lJ. murd; me;j mw;Gjj;ij kPz;Lk; nra;J fhl;LkhW ckhgjpf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhd;.

Kf;jpf;Fj; jFe;jtH ahUk; mq;F ,y;yhikahy; xU Ks;spr; nrbf;F Kf;jp nfhLj;J mij kiwar; nra;jjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

,d;Wk; rhjp ghuhl;Ltjpy; jpy;iyj; jPl;rjHfs; tplhg;gpbahf epw;fpd;wdH. ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;aTk; ghuhazk; gz;zTk; topghbaw;wTk; kWj;j jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; ehtyupd; fLk; fz;ldj;Jf;F MshdhHfs; vd;gij Vw;fdNt ghHj;Njhk;.

",f;fhyj;jhH jq;fs; jq;fs; fUj;Jf;fpira ele;j gpuhkzHfs; vj;Jizg; ghjfHfshapDk; mtHfisNa Nkd;kf;fnsd;W gpujpl;il G+ir jpUtpoh Kjypad nra;a epNahfpf;fpwhHfs.; ekJ irtrkapfs; xw;WikAilaHfsha;j; jpuz;L> Njthyaq;fnsq;Fk; irthfkq;fspy; tpjpj;j ,yf;fzq;fsike;j gpuhkzHfisf; nfhz;Nl gpujpl;lk; G+ir jpUtpoh Kjypatw;iw tOthJ ,aw;Wtpj;jYk;........."

ehtyiug; gop jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s ,uhkypq;f mbfshUf;Fk; MWKf ehtyUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ele;j mUl;gh - kUl;gh nrhw;Nghupy; jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfs; mbfshH gf;fk; epd;W ehtyiu tha;f;F te;jgb itjhHfs;. (tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!

(5)

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk; rpjk;guk; ,uhkypq;fg;gps;is (1823 – 1874) mtHfs; jpUtha; kyHe;jUspa ghly;fs; jpUtUl;gh vd miof;fg;gLk;. rpjk;guk; ,uhkypq;fg;gps;is vd;gij tpl tlYhH ,uhkypq;f mbfs; vd;w ngaNu gpd;dhy; gpugy;akhfptpl;lJ.

"mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp jdpg; ngUk; fUiz’ vd;dk; ke;jpuk; Mz;ltd; mspj;jJ vd;W nrhd;d mbfshH rhjp> rkar; rof;FfSf; nfl;lhj Nrhjp newpahd Rj;j rkur rd;khHf;fj;ij topfhl;bdhH. rhjp mjd; kWgf;fkhd jPz;lhik ,Wf;fkhff; filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L (Mjpjpuhtpld; njUtpy; vjpupy; tuKbahJ) te;j mtuJ fhyj;jpy; ‘rhjp fpilahJ> jPz;lhik fpilahJ> gpwg;gpy; vy;NyhUk; rkNk” vd;W nrhy;ypr; rkge;jp czT nra;tpj;jhH. itjPf irtrkapfs; mjidg; ghHj;J mbfshH kPJ rpdk; nfhz;lhHfs;!

mbfshH rpj;Jf;fs; iftug; ngw;wtH vd;W nrhy;fpwhHfs;. jdJ rpj;Jf;fs; %yk; jPuhj Neha;fisj; jPHj;jhH vd;fpwhHfs;. mbfshH rpj;Jf;fs; nra;J cly; Nehiaj; jPHj;jhNuh ,y;iyNah grpj;j capHfSf;F cztspg;gJ vy;yhg; Gz;zpaq;fSf;Fk; NkyhdJ vd;W cgNjrpj;J te;jhH. gl;bdp fple;J grpahy; nkype;J gho;gLk; kf;fisg; ghHj;J mtH cs;sk; thba gapiug; Nghy; thbf; fiue;jJ.

thba gapiuf; fz;lNgh njy;yhk;
     thbNdd;> grpapdhy; ,isj;Nj
tPLNjh wpue;Jk; grpawh jaHe;j
     ntw;wiuf; fz;Lsk; gijj;Njd;
ePba gpzpahy; tUe;Jfpd;NwhHvd;
     NeH cwf; fz;Lse; Jbj;Njd;
<bd;kh dpfsha; Viofsha; neQ;
     rpisj;jtH jikf;fz;Nl ,isj;Njd;

vj;JizAk; NgjKwhJ vt;TapUk;
     jk; capHNghy; vz;zp cs;Ns
xj;Jupik cilatuha; ctf;fpd;whH
     ahtH mtH cse;jhd; Rj;j
rpj;Jtha; vk;ngUkhd; elk; GupAk;
     ,lk; vd ehd; njspe;Njd; me;j
tpj;jfHjk; mbf;Nfty; Gupe;jpl vd;
     rpe;ij kpf tpioe;j jhNyh!

,uhkypq;f mbfs;> md;djhd rhiy xd;iw mikj;J kf;fsJ grpg; gpzpiag; Nghf;fpdhH. me;j md;djhd rhiy tlYhUf;F tUfpw Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fsJ tapw;Wg; grp jPHf;f ,d;Wtiu njhlHe;J eilngw;W tUtij 1982 ,y; tlYhH nrd;w NghJ Neupy; ghHj;J kfpo;r;rp mile;Njd;.

1865 Mk; Mz;L ,uhkypq;f mbfshH “rkur Ntj rd;khHf;f rq;fk;” vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fpdhH. gpw;fhyj;jpy; me;jg; ngaiu “rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;f rj;jpa rq;fk;” vd;W khw;wpakj;jhH. ,e;jg; Gjpa rq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ffshf mtH mwptpj;jit> kf;fs; gpd;gw;wf;$ba kpf vspa nfhs;iffshFk;.

flTs; xUtNu!

flTis cz;ikahd md;Gld;> xsp tbtpy; topgl Ntz;Lk;.

rpW nja;tq;fspd; ngauhy; capHg;gyp nfhLf;ff;$lhJ.

khkpr czt cz;zf;$lhJ.

rhjp> kj NtWghL $lhJ.

gpw capHfisAk; jd;DapH Nghy; fUj Ntz;Lk;.

grpj;j capHfSf;F czT mspj;J Mjupg;gJk; capHf;nfhiy nra;ahj gz;Gkhfpa rPtfhUz;a xOf;fj;ijf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

rPtfhUz;a xOf;fNk Ngupd;g tPl;bd; jpwTNfhy;.

“gf;jp te;jhy; Gj;jp Ngha;tpLk;" vd;wtH je;ij ngupahH. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH Mo;e;j gf;jpapNy %o;fpj; jpisj;J> gpd; njspe;J ntspNawpa xUtH.

tlY}Uk; <NuhLk; vd;w rpWE}y; xd;iwj; jpUf;Fws; KDrhkp mtHfs; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ntspapl;bUe;jhH. mjpy; ts;syhH $wpAs;sjhtJ:

“nja;tj;Jf;Ff;> if> fhy;> thfdk;> MAjk;> tbtk;> cUtk; ,Uf;Fkh? ,J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfNt Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; cs;s ngupatHfs; vd;W ngaupl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfSk; cz;ik mwpahJ> fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L mg;gbNa cswp ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.' (gf;fk; .21)

“ehd; Kjypy; irt rkaj;jpy; yl;rpak; itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ ,t;tsT vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. ehd; ghba KjyhtJ jpUKiwapy; ed;whfj; njupAk;. Vd; mg;gb mt;tsT mOj;jk; ,Ue;jJ vd;why;> mg;NghJ vdf;F mw;g mwpNt ,Ue;jJ....... mjdhy; ,dpNky; rPtHfshfpa ehk;> tpiue;J tPz; Nghfhky; cz;ik mwpT> cz;ik md;G> cz;ik ,uf;fk; Kjypa Fzq;fisg; ngWNthk;' vd;W $wpAs;shH. (gf;fk; .14)

,uhkypq;f mbfSk; irtrkaj;jtH. MWKf ehtyUk; irt rkaj;jtH. Kd;dtH rhjp kj NtWghL #J vd;fpwhH. gpd;dtH jhk; vOjpa irt tpdhtpilapy; “vtHfsplj;jpNy Nghrdk; gz;zyhfhJ?” vd;w tpdhTf;F tpilahf “……….. jho;e;j rhjpahuplj;jpYk;… Nghrdk; gz;zf;$lhJ” vd;fpwhH!

Kjyhk; ghy ghlj;jpy; “ey;nyhOf;fk;” vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jPz;lj; jfhj rhjpahiuAk; …. jPz;bdhYk;……cLj;j t];jpuj;JlNd ];dhdk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;” vdTk; Njthya juprdk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuapNy “jpUf;NfhapYs;Ns Nghtjw;F Nahf;fpaHfsy;yhj rhjpahHfs;…….” vd;fpwhH!

,e;j ,Utupy; ahH cz;ikahd irtH (,e;J)? ,uhkypq;f mbfshuh? MWKf ehtyuh?

,uhkypq;f mbfshH NkYk; jkJ rkur rd;khHf;f newpia tpsf;Ffpd;whH.

“rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; ngha;nad Mjpapy; .czHj;jpa mUl; ngUQ;Nrhjp”

“rkak; FyKjw; rhHngyhk; tpLj;j> mkak; Njhd;wpa mUl;ngUQ; Nrhjp”

“capH vyhk; nghJtpd; csk;gl Nehf;Ff> nray; vyhk; tpLf vdr; nra;a rptNk!”

“kjj;jpNy mgpkhdk; nfhz;L coy;Ntd;> Fyj;jpNy ,op kyj;jpDk; filNad;!”

“khdk; Nkyplr; rhjpNa kjNk tho;f;ifNa vd thupf; nfhz;L miye;Njd;!”

“rhjp kjk; rkankDk; rq;flKk; tpl;lwpNad;> rhj;jpur; NrwhLfpd;w rQ;ryk; tpl;lwpNad;!” .

“$Wfpd;w rkankyhk;> kjq;fnsy;yhk; gpbj;Jf; $Wfpd;whH> gyd; xd;Wk; fz;lwpahH> tPNz ePWfpd;whH> kz;zhfp ehWfpd;whH mtHghy; ePLyfpy; mope;Jtpl epidj;NjNdh?”

“Ntjnewp Mfkj;jpd;newp ,itfs; vy;yhk; #J XJfpd;wd!”

“fiyAiuj;j fw;gidNa epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk; fz;%b tof;fnkyhk; kz; %bg;Nghf!”

“rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; jtpHj;Njd;> rhj;jpuf;Fg;ig Ae;jzpe;Njd;!”

“mwptpNyd; vy;yhk; mwpe;jtd;Nghw; gpwHf;F ciuj;Njd; kiyAW rkatiy mfg;gl;Nl kaq;fpa kjpapNdd;....... “

“kUshd gw;gy khHf;fq;fs; vy;yhk; topJiw njupakhky; kz;%bg;Nghr;R.....”

“kjnkd;Wk;> rkankd;Wk;> rhj;jpuq;fnsd;Wk;> kd;Dfpd;w NjtH vd;Wk; gw;gytpj kha; tpupe;j tpjk; xd;Wk; njupahJ kaq;fpatd; jdf;Nf......> mUspiwNa> rjk; vd;Dk;.........rhw;Wk;!”

“nfhs;istpidf; $l;Lwtha;f; $l;ba gy; rkaf; $l;lKk;> mf;$l;lj;Nj $Lfpd;w fiyAk;> fs;sKWk; mf;fiyfs; fhl;ba gy; fjpAk;> fhl;rpfSk; fhl;rpjU flTsUk; vy;yhk;> gps;is tpisahl;L vd ed;F mwptpj;J!”

“rhjpapNy kjq;fspNy> rkaq;fspNy rhj;jpur; re;jbfspNy Nfhj;jpur; rz;ilapNy MjpapNy mgpkhdpj;J miyfpd;w cyfPH!”

“ehy;tUzk; M];ukk; Mrhuk; Kjyhk;> etpd;w fiyr;rupjk; vyhk; gps;is tpisahl;Nl> Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!”

“,ay; Ntjhfkq;fs;> Guhzq;fs;> ,jpfhrk; ,it Kjyh ,e;jpu[hyk; filaha; ciug;ghH> kaYW E}y; khj;jpue;jhd; rhynkd mwpe;jhH kfNd eP E}yidj;Jk; rhynkd mwpf!”

“kjj;jpNy kaq;fh kjpapNy tpise;j> kUe;ij.. “

“rkaKk;> kjKk; fle;NjhH Qhdrig eldk; Gupfpd;w jdpia...”

“gbg;glf;fp> rhjp kjk; rkak; vDk; rof;ifAk; tpl;llf;fp....... “

“,e;jr; rhjp ,e;j kjk; vDk; tha;r; rof;ifnayhk; jtpHj;j> cj;jkNd....”

“gpj;JWk; rkag; gpzf;FWk; mtHf;Fg; ngupJk; mupjhfpa NgNw!”

“kjk; gpbj;jtnuy;yhk; tha;g;gpbg; Gz;L te;J epw;fpd;wdH tha;jpwg;gpg;ghd;

fjk; gpbj;jtnuy;yhk; fLk; gpzpahNy> fyq;fpdH Mo;e;jdH cyk;GWfpd;whH va;te;jJd; nghopj;j tHf;fwptUs;tPH!”

“nja;tq;fs; gy gy rpe;ij nra;thUk;> NrH fjp gy gy nrg;Gfpd;whUk;

nka;te;j jpUtUs; tpsf;fk; xd;wpy;yhH> Nky;tpistwpfpyhH tPz; fopf;fpd;whH!”

“ntwpf;Fk; rkaf; Fopapy; tpo> tpiue;Njd; jd;id tpohjtif>

kwpf;Fk; xU NgH mwpT mspj;jha;!”

“kjj;jpNy rka tof;fpNy> khia kUl;bNy> ,Ul;bNy

kwthf;fjj;jpNy kdj;ij itj;J tPz; nghOJ fopf;fpd;wPH!”

“kjk; vd;Dk; Nga;gpbj;jhl;l MLfpd;whH rhfhj fy;tp fw;Fk; juk; ,tHf;Fk; csNjh? rhjprkaq;fspNy tPjp gy tFj;j> rh];jpuf; Fg;igfs; vy;yhk; ghj;jpuk; md;nwdNt Mjpapy;...mwptpj;jgbNa'

“,Ul;rhjpj; jj;Jtr; rhj;jpuf; Fg;ig> ,Utha; Gd;nrapy; vUthf;fpg; Nghl;L> ,Ul;rhjpr; rkaq;fs; kjq;fs; Mr;rpuk tof;nfy;yhk; Fopf;; nfhl;;b kz; %bg; Nghl;L...... mUl;Nrhjp tPjpapy; Mlr; nra;jPNu!

cz;ik mwpT> Mokhd md;G> mUs;> fz;Nzhl;lk; Kjypad kf;fsplj;jpy; ve;jg; NgjKk; ,d;wp epyt Ntz;Lk; vd;WjhNd je;ij ngupahH Kjw;nfhz;L gFj;jwpTthjp ,yq;ifad;tiu nrhy;fpwhHfs;. ,itjhd; xU rkaj;jpd; Nfhl;ghL vd;why;> Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;why;> nfhs;if vd;why; me;jr; rkak; vd;Nghd;NwhUf;Fk; Kw;wpYk; rk;kjNk!

“fiyQH fUzhepjpapy; ,Ue;J ez;gH ,yq;ifad; tiuapyhd> jk;ikg; gFj;jwpTthjpfs; vdg; gpufldg; gLj;Jfpd;wtHfs;………. (,jpy; cs;s vs;sy; xU Gwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. m/jhtJ ,tHfs; cz;ikahd gFj;jwpTthjpfs; my;yH ntWkNd jq;fis mg;gbr; nrhy;ypf;; nfhs;gtHfs;) Vd; irtrkaj;ij khj;jpuk; jdpj;njLj;Jj; jhf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Nfl;Fk; mjpgH fdfrghgjp mtHfs; vijr; irt rkak; vd;fpwhH? mbfshupd; rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;fkh? my;yJ ehtyupd; Nky;tUzk; Njhy;tUzk; ghHf;Fk; itjPf Ntjhfkkh?

,jw;F tpil nrhd;dhy;jhd; irtrkaj;ij khj;jpuk; jdpj;njLj;J Vd; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfs;tpf;F gjpy; nrhy;tJ Rygkhf ,Uf;Fk;. (tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

mUl;gh kUl;;gh nrhw;NghH

(6)

MWKf ehtyH ( 1822-1879) mtHfSk; ,uhkypq;f mbfshUk; ( 1823-1874) rkfhyj;jtH vd;gJ njupe;jNj. ,UtUk; irt rkaj;jtHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; rpe;jidapy; ,U JUtq;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldH.

Vw;fdNt $wpathW ehtyH Ntjhfkq;fs; rptdhy; mUsg; ngw;wit vd kdjhu ek;gpdhH. mjdhy; Ntjhfkq;fs; mtuJ gpukhz Ehy;fshf mike;jd. me;j Ehy;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s rhjp tUz Ngjj;ijj; Njt thf;fhf epidj;J mjd;gb ehtyH NgrpAk; vOjpAk; xOfpAk; te;jhH.

,uhkypq;f mbfshH ve;jr; jj;Jtr; rpf;fy;fSf;Fs;Sk; rpf;fpl kWj;jhH. “Ntjnewp Mfkj;jpd;newp ,itfs; vy;yhk; #J XJfpd;wd!” vdf; Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH. “rhjpAk; kjKk; rkaKk; ngha;nad Mjpapy; .czHj;jpa mUl; ngUQ;Nrhjp” vdg; fiue;JUfpdhH.

“ehy;tUzk; M];ukk; Mrhuk; Kjyhk;> etpd;w fiyr;rupjk; vyhk; gps;is tpisahl;Nl Nky;tUzk;> Njhy;tUzk; fz;lwpahH ,iy> eP tpopj;Jg; ghH!”

“fiyAiuj;j fw;gidia epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk; fz;%bg; gof;fnkyhk; kz;%bg; Nghf”

vd;nwy;yhk; mbfshH Koq;fpdhH.

vdNt rkak; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;by; tl JUtk; njd; JUtk; Mf tpsq;fpa ,UtUk; Nkhjpf; nfhz;ljpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy. capHg;gyp ,LtJ gw;wp kl;LNk ,UtUk; xj;j fUj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdH.

irt rkak; gd;dpU jpUKiwfisNa mUl;gh vdg; Nghw;wp te;jJ. mg;gbapUf;f rpy Myaq;fs; Njthu jpUthrfq;fis epWj;jp tpl;L ,uhkypq;f mbfshH ghba mUl;ghf;fisg; ghl Vw;ghL nra;jd. Mdhy;> MwKf ehtyuhy; mjidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. mtw;Wf;F vjpuhfg; NghypaUl;gh kWg;G vd;w fz;ld mwpf;ifia ntspapl;lhH. mjpy; rkahr;rhupahHfSila ngUikfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L ,uhkypq;fk;gps;is me;j mbahHfNshL vt;thW rkj;Jtg;gLthH vdf; flhtpdhH.

ehtiyiug; nghWj;jstpy; rHtNyhf ehafuhfpa rptngUkhdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSf;F khwhf elg;gtHfs; ahuhapUe;jhYk; mtHfisj; jdJ vjpupfshfg; gHHf;Fk; kdg;Nghf;F mtuplk; ,Ue;jJ.

MWKfehtyH gpuge;jj; jpul;L vd;w Ehiy vOjpa Nt. fdfuj;jpd cghj;jpahaH ehtyiug;gw;wpg; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhH.

“aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s gpuGf;fisahtJ kw;iwr; rhkhdpa rdq;fisahtJ NkthJ ,g;ngUe; njhlf;fq;fisj; njhlq;fpdhuhjdhYk;> rHtNyhf ehafuhfpa rptngUkhdhNy tpjpf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSf;F khwhf elg;gtHfs; gpuhkzuhfpapUe;jhYk; irtFUkhuhapUe;jhYk; gpuGf;fshapUe;jhYk; Rw;wj;jhuhfapUe;jhYk; kpj;jpuuhapUe;jhYk; vtiuAk; jhl;rzpakpd;wp mt;tg;NghJ fz;bj;jjdhYk; vj;jpwj;jhUk; mtHkPJ nghwhikAq; NfhgKq;nfhz;L mtUf;Fk; mtuJ njhlf;fq;fSf;Fk; tpNuhjkhf mNdf ,ilA+Wfir; nra;jhHfs.;”

,uhkypq;f mbfs; gw;wpAk; mtuJ jpUtUl;gh vd;w Ehy; gw;wpAk; ehtyH gpd;tUkhW fz;bj;J vOjpdhH.

“jw;fhyj;jpy; fUq;Fop ,uhkypq;fgps;is nad;gH jhk; rpthEG+jp (mDgt Qhdk;) ngw;wtnud;W cyfj;jhH ek;gpj; jk;ik topgLk; nghUl;Lr; rpy ghly;fisg; ghb mitfSf;Fj; jpUtl;ghntd;Wk;> jkf;Fj; jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhnud;Wk; jhNk ngaupl;Lf; nfhz;Lk; jk;Kila khzhf;fUs; xUtuhNy jkf;Fj; jpUtUl;gh tuyhnwd xU GuhzQ; nra;tpj;J ,Wjpapw; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;Lk; mr;rpw; gjpg;gpj;J tpf;fpuaQ; nra;tpf;fpd;wdH. rkahrhupaHfNshL rkj;Jt Kilanud;Wk; mtH ghliyj; Njthu jpUthrfq;fNshL rkj;Jt Kilanjd;Wk; ghuhl;bf; nfhz;Lk; mEl;lhdk; G+ir rptjuprd Kjypad nra;Aq;fhyq;fspy; Xjpf; nfhz;Lk; tUfpd;whHfs;. rpyNghJ nrd;id gl;lzj;Js;s rpthyaq;fspy; cw;rtj;jpNy Njthu Kjypa mUl;ghf;fis epWj;jptpl;L ,uhkypq;fgps;is ghliyNa XJtpf;fpd;whHfs;.

,t; Viofs; ,g;gb kaq;fpf; nfLjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,uhkypq;fgps;is jpUtUs; ngw;wtnud;W mtH ghlypYk; mtH khzhf;fH ghlypYQ; nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jYk; ,uhkypq;fgps;isf;F ,urthje; njupAnkd;Wk; mtH gy mw;Gjq;fisr; nra;fpd;whnud;Wk; mtUk; mtH khzhf;fHfSk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L jpupjYNkad;wp Ntwpy;iy. (NghypaUl;gh kWg;G)

ehtyiu Mjupj;Jg; gy irtg; ngupahHfs; fz;ld Ehy;fis vOjp ntspapl;lhHfs;. md;iwa irt MjPdq;fs; ehtyUf;F NguhjuT mspj;jd vd;gij ,q;F Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; rptngUkhdhNyNa mUsg; ngw;wd vd;gJ irtrpj;jhe;jpfsJ mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahFk;. MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yhj irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cs; nghUl;fs; MW. mitahtd-

gjp (rptd;)

gR (capHfs;)

ghrk; (Nghfg; nghUl;fs;)

Mztk; (mwpahik)

khia (mz;lg; gilg;Gf;fhd xU %yg; nghUs;. xd;iw Ntnwhd;whff; fhl;Lk; xU kaf;fk; vd;W khiaf;F Ntjhe;jk; $Wk; nfhs;ifiar; irtrpj;jhe;jk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy)

fd;kk; (Kd;tpidg; gad;)

Mdhy; gd;dpUjpUKiw mg;gbay;y. mJ nkhj;jk; 29 rka MrpupaHfshy; ,aw;wg; ngw;wit my;yJ ghlg;ngw;wit MFk;.

vdNt ,uhkypq;f mbfshH ghba jpUtUl;ghit gd;dpU jpUKiwfNshL rkj;Jtkhfg; ghHg;gjpy; ve;j tpy;yq;fKk; ,y;iy. mg;gbr; nra;tjhy; vJTk; Fb KOfpg; NghfhJ. Mdhy; itjPf irtuhd ehtyUf;F me;jg; ngUe;jd;ik ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhy; Gwr;rkakhd fpwpj;jtj;ij vjpHj;Jg; Nghupl;l ehtyH> ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; “rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;fk;” vd;w mfr; rkaj;Jf;F vjpuhfTk; NghHKid xd;iwj; jpwe;J NghuhbdhH!

rhjp cl;gl gytw;wpy; rkaFutHfSk; re;jhdFutHfSk; kw;Wk; jpUKiw MrpupaHfSk; xU nkd;Nghf;ifNa filg;gpbj;jhHfs;. mjdhy;jhd; Ntldhd fz;zg;gd;> tiyQuhd mjpgf;jH> Fatuhd jpUePyfz;lH> giwauhd jpUehisg;NghthH (ee;jd;) tz;zuhd jpUf;Fwpg;Gj; njhz;lH KjypNahH 63 ehad;khH tupirapy; NrHf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

,e;j nkd;ikg; Nghf;iff; $l ehtyuplk; fhz Kbatpy;iy. mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khHfSf;Fg; G+ir nra;a jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfs; (,tHfSk; ehad;khH gl;baypy; NrHf;fgl;Ls;shHfs;) $RfpwhHfs; vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;ba ehtyNu ehad;khHfs; topte;jtHfisj; jPz;lg;glhjtH vd;W fUjp ele;jJjhd; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.

ehtyH kPJ ntWg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;j jpy;iyj;; jPl;rfHfs; vjpupf;F vjpup ez;gd; vd;w tpjpg;gb ,uhkypq;f mbfisj; jk;NkhL NrHj;Jf; nfhz;L rpjk;guj;jpy; xU $l;lj;ijf; $l;bdH. $l;lj;jpy; ,uhkypq;f mbfs; cl;gl vy;NyhUk; ehtyiu ehtpy; te;jgb fLikahf itjhHfs;.

“ehtyH vd;why; eh ,y;yhjtH> ehtpdhy; myH cz;lhf;FNthH> ehtpdhy; Jd;gg; gLtH” vd ,uhkypq;fs mbfs; ehtyH vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhnud;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

jpy;iyj; jPl;rfHfspy; rpyH ehtyiu mbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPHkhdpj;Jf; nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;lhHfs;.

,d;W $l jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfspd; Nghf;F khwtpy;iy. jq;fSf;Fg; gpbf;fhjtHfis> mtHfs; irt gf;jHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; mbf;fpw gof;fk; mtHfsplk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,d;iwa ,e;J kjk; ghHg;gdpa Nkyhz;ikiaAk; Ruz;liyAk; ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. rhjp ntwp nfhz;lJ. njhl;lhy; jPl;L ghHj;jhy; jPl;L vd;w jPz;lhikia mbehjfkhff; nfhz;lJ> ehtyH cl;gl jkpoHfisr; #j;jpuH (mbikfs;) vdg; gl;lk; #l;b itj;Js;sJ. mtw;iw Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mwpTk; khdKk; ,oe;j ,dk; cyfpy; jkpopdk; Nghy; Ntnwe;j ,dKk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

rpjk;guk; eluhrH Nfhtpypy; Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;> rptGuhzk; ghl mDkjp ,y;iy. mg;gbg; ghLtjhf ,Ue;jhy; fPNo epd;Wjhd; ghl Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ,y;iy NkNy epd;Wjhd; jpUKiw XJNtd; vd;W Nghuhba rpjk;guj;ijr; NrHe;j Md;kPfg; ghlfH tp. MWKfrhkp jPl;rfHfshy; ieag;Gilf;fg;gl;L kUj;Jtkidf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhH. fhaq;fSf;Fg; Nghl;l gj;Jf;fNshL mtuJ Gifg;glq;fs; VLfspy; ntspte;jd.

jpy;iyr; jPl;rfHfs; MWKfrhkpia mbj;J kUj;Jtkidf;F mDg;gpaNjhL epw;ftpy;iy. NfhtpYf;Fs; EioaTk; jil tpjpj;J tpl;ldH. NtW topapd;wp MWKfrhkp ePjp Nfl;Lr; nrd;id caH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Fj; njhLj;jhH. ,e;j tof;F ePjpgjp b. KUNfrd; Kd;dpiyapy; tprhuizf;F te;j NghJ vy;yhf; Fbkf;fisg; Nghy MWKfrhkp NfhtpYf;Fs; nry;yyhk; vd;W ePjpgjp cj;jutpl;lhH.

Nfhtpypy; mtH ghLtJ Fwpj;J mspj;j kDit ,e;J rka mw epiyaj;Jiw MizaH ghprPypj;J 2 khjj;jpy; Kbitj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtH Mizapl;lhH.

irtHfs; Njthu jpUthrfq;fis jiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;WfpwhHfs;. mit irtj;jpd; gpukhzq;fs; vd;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; me;jj; Njthu jpUthrfq;fisj; jpy;iyf; Nfhapypy; ghlj; jPl;rfHfs; jil NghLfpwhHfs;. ,/J ,e;J kjk; gpuhkzHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ jkpoHfSf;F me;epakhdJ vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

jkpio ePr nkhopnad;Wk; jkpoHfis ePr ,dk; vd;Wk; jkpo;ehL gpuhkzH rq;fk; ntspapl;l “mUe;njhz;lhw;wpa jkpof me;jzHfs;” vd;Dk; EhYk; fhQ;rp rq;fu klj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l “jkpof me;jzH tuyhW” vd;Dk; EhYk; gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;sd.

jdpj;jdpahf ,e;j Ehy;fs; ntspte;jhYk; mtw;wpd; Kjd;ik MrpupaH> MrpupaH FO ,uz;Lk; xd;Nw!

,d;iwa etPd ,e;Jj;Jth nfhs;iff;F muz; NrHg;gJ Nghy; jkpof me;jzH tuyhW vd;w Ehypd; Nky; ml;ilapy; gpd;tUk; ehd;F thf;fpaq;fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.

1) MupaH vdg;gLNthH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jhHfs; vd;w $w;W Rj;jg; ngha; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epWTfpwJ.

2) jkpo; ehL cs;spl;l ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzHfs; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epWTfpwJ.

3) MupaH-jpuhtplH Ntw;Wik vd;w thjk; ntWk; fw;gid vd;W ,e;j Ehy; njuptpf;fpwJ.

4) Ntj fhy ehfupfkhfpa gz;ila gpuhkzH ehfupfNk> cyfNk GfOk; ,e;jpatpd; ehfupfk; vd;W ,e;j Ehy; epiy epWj;JfpwJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; FbNawp> jkpo;ehl;bd; fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;J> jkpo;ehl;bd; jz;zPiuf; Fbj;J thOk; gpuhkzHfs; jkpoHfsJ nkhop ePr nkhop vd;Wk; jkpoHfs; ePr ,dk; vd;Wk; ,opT gLj;Jtijapl;Lk; tuyhW jpupf;fg;gLtijapl;Lk; nfhQ;rk; $lf; ftiyg;glhJ jd;khdj;ijj; njhiyj;J tpl;l mbikfs; Nghy; jkpoHfs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. (tsUk;)

“tho;Tk; tLTk;” mjd; kW gf;fk;

Ntjq;fs; Gdpjkhditah? my;yJ fhl;Lkpuz;bfspd; cswy;fsh?

(7)

MupaH vdg;gLNthH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jhHfs; vd;w $w;W Rj;jg; ngha;> jkpo;ehL cs;spl;l ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzHfs;> MupaH-jpuhtplH Ntw;Wik vd;w thjk; ntWk; fw;gid> Ntj fhy ehfupfkhfpa gz;ila gpuhkzH ehfupfNk> cyfNk GfOk; ,e;jpahtpd; ehfupfk; vd;W fhQ;rp rq;fu klj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l jkpof me;jzH tuyhW vd;Dk; Ehy; epiy epWj;JfpwJ vd;w tuyhw;Wj; jpupG thjj;ijg; ghHj;Njhk;.

MupaHfs; te;NjW Fbfs; vd;gij kiwf;fNt mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; vd tuyhw;iwj; jpupf;fg; gpuhkzHfs; jPtpu Kaw;rp nra;J tUfpwhHfs;. jkpo;ehL cl;gl ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs; gpuhkzH (MupaH) vd;gJ ey;y gfpbahFk;. mjpYk; jkpo;ehl;bd; Mjpf; Fbkf;fs; gpuhkzH vd;gJ jpwikahd Mdhy; ey;y eifr;Rit MFk;. gpuhkzHfsJ caHit epWTtjw;F tuyhw;iwj; jpupj;J vOj KidtJ Njitaw;w jpUg;gzpahFk;.

MupaH ,e;jpahTf;Fs; gilnaLj;J te;jtHfs; vd;gNj ngUk;ghd;ik tuyhw;W MrpupaHfsJ epiyg;ghlhFk;. mg;gb ,y;iy mtHfs; ML khL Fjpiufis Nka;j;Jf; nfhz;L ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;jtHfs; vdf; fUJNthUk; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

MupaHfs; ntspapy; ,Ue;J Eioatpy;iy: mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; G+HtPfkf;fs; vd;w vjpHkiw thjk; mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ,e;Jj;Jt rf;jpfshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;Jj;Jt rf;fjpfs; vd;W ehd; Fwpg;gpLtJ MH.v];.v];. (,uh\;jpupa RaNrtf; rkh[k; - 1925;) tpvr;gp (tp];t ,e;J gup\j; - 1964) kw;Wk; g[;wq; jhy; (Bajrang Dal) Nghd;w ,e;J mikg;Gf;fisNa. ,tw;Wf;F Kd;Ndhb mikg;Gf;fNs gpukrkh[k; (1828) MHa rkh[k; (1875) gQ;rhg; ,e;J rig (1907-1909) kw;Wk; ,e;J kfhrig Mfpa mikg;Gf;fshFk;.

,e;jf; fhtp mikg;Gf;fspd; murpay; KfNk ghujpa [djh fl;rpahFk;. ghujpa [djhf; fl;rp jpuhtplf; fl;rpfspd; MjuNthL Ml;rpf;F te;j gpd;dNu MupaHfs; te;NjW Fbfs; my;y mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; Mjpf;Fb kf;fs;> MupaHfs; ,e;J ru];tjp ejpg; gs;sj;jhf;F ehfupfj;jpd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; vd tuyhw;iwj; jpupj;J vOJk; gzp KLf;fp tplg;gl;lJ. gs;spf;$lg; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fs; jpUj;jp vOjg;gl;ld. rk];fpUj Mz;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lk;> gy;fiyf; fofq;fspy; Nrhjplg; gl;lg; gbg;G MfpaitAk; gh.[. fl;rpapd; jpUg;gzpfNs!

MupaHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fs; FbNawpa tuyhw;iw vOjg; GFe;jhy; ,e;jf; fl;Liu jpir jpUg;gg;gl;L tpLNkh vd;w mr;rk; vOe;jhYk; ,e;J kjj;ijAk; mjd; Jhz;fshd ehy; Ntjj;ijAk; ehy; tUzj;ijAk; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; ghHg;gJ tho;T Vd; vg;gb vg;NghJ tLthdJ vd;gijf; fz;lwpaj; Jizahf ,Uf;Fk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.

Ntj ehd;fpDk; nka;g;nghUshtJ ehjd; ehkk; ekr;rpthaNk vd;W rk;ge;jH njhlq;fp vy;NyhUk; mjid cr;rp kPJ itj;J nkr;RfpwhHfNs mg;gb vd;djhd; mtw;wpy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij myrp Muha;e;J ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;J rkaj;jtH nfhz;lhLtJ Nghy Ntjq;fs; Gdpj Ehy;fsh? my;yJ mit fhl;Lkpuhz;bfs; Nrhkr; rhw;iwf; Fbj;J tpl;L ntwpapy; jq;fs; vjpupfis mlf;F! rpd;dh gpd;dg;gLj;J! kilaHfis mf;fpdpr; Rthiyahy; Rl;Lg; nghRf;F! rpj;jputij nra;! ehH ehuhff; fpopj;njwp! Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;L! nfhy;Y vd cswpa cswy;fsh vd;gij cq;fs; KbTf;F tpl;L tpLfpNwd;.

cz;ikapy; jq;fis ,e;Jf;fs; vd;Wk; irtHfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;gtHfSf;F ,e;jr; rkaq;fs; gw;wpa tuyhw;W mwpT kpfr; nrhw;gNk. mtw;wpd; mbg;gilj; jj;Jtq;fs gw;wpa mwpT mijtpl kpfr; nrhw;gNk.

rupif fpupif Nghd;w rlq;FfisNa ,e;Jf;fs; rka newpfshff; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. mbg;gil jj;Jtq;fis mwpahj ,iwgw;Wg; gadw;w ntWk; Mlk;guNk vd;fpwhH ‘rpttopghL’ vd;w Ehiy vOjpa jpU. fp. goepag;gdhH. ,tH jpU. go. neLkhwdpd; je;ij MthH. vdNt ,e;j rkaq;fsJ tuyhW kw;Wk; jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tiuayhk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.

MupaHfs; .fpK 1500-1000 Mz;lstpy; kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; ifgH fztha; (Khyber Pass) top Eioe;jhHfs; vd;gNj nghJthf tuyhw;W MrpupaHfshy; xj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l fUj;jhFk;. Mdhy; kj;jpa Mrpahtpd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jhHfs; vd;gjpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd.

1) kj;jpa Mrpahf; fz;lj;jpy; thy;fh ejpf;fiuapYk; ,d;iwa fUq;fly; kw;Wk; f];gpad; fly; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapYk; tho;e;j Mupa G+Ht FbapdH ma;Nuhg;gh kw;Wk; Mrpah ehLfspy; FbNawpdhHfs;. mtHfspy; xU gFjpapdH Nkw;F Nehf;fpr; nrd;W ma;Nuhg;ghtpy; FbNawpdhHfs;. mt;thW FbNawpatHfs; cNuhkHfs; MfTk; fpNuf;fHfs; MfTk; cUg;ngw;whHfs;. rpyH JUf;fpapy; FbNawp Hittites vd;w ngaNuhL tho;e;jhHfs;. NkYk; rpyH njw;F-fpof;Fj; jpirfspy; nrd;W FbNawpdhHfs;. ,tHfspy; rpyH ,uhdpy; (ghurPfk;) jq;fpdhHfs;.

2) ,e;Njh-<uhdpa vy;iyg; gFjpfspYk;> fhe;jhuk; (,d;iwa Mg;fhdp];jhd;) `huhtjp (ruRtjp) gFjpapYk; tho;e;j ,e;Njh – Mupa nkhop NgrpatHfs; gbg;gbahf ,e;J rkntspf;Fr; nrd;W FbNawpdhHfs;.

3) Ntj Muha;r;rpapy; rpwe;jtHfspy; xUtuhd ghyfq;fhju jpyfH tlJUtg; gpuNjrkhd MHbf; kfhrKj;jpuj;ij aLj;j xU ehl;bypUe;J MupaHfs; ma;Nuhg;gh KOtJk; gutpf; filrpapy; ,e;jpahTf;F te;jjhff; $WfpwhH.

,t;t