7

jkpoH jpUkzk;

ef;fPud;

7. rq;f fhyj; jpUkzk;

jkpopdk; njhd;ik tha;e;j ,dk;. jkpo;nkhop ,d;W capHj; Jbg;NghLs;s cyf nkhopfspy;> kpfg; goikahd nkhopfspy; jkpo;nkhopAk; xd;W. jkpo;; nkhopf;F ,Uf;Fk; ,yf;fpa tsk; Vida nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fistplr; rpwe;jJ. caHthdJ. ,e;jpaUs; jkpoH nkhopahYk;> ehfupfj;jpdhYk; rpwe;jtH vd;gJ nkhop Muha;r;rpahYk;> mfo;thuha;r;rpahYk; epWtg;gl;l cz;ikfshFk;.

fy;tpapy; rpwe;j jkpo;ehL -Gfo;f;
fk;gd; gpwe;j jkpo;ehL ...
ts;Std; jd;id cyfpdpf;Nf -je;J
thd;Gfo; nfhz;l jkpo;ehL- neQ;ir
as;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhu nkd;NwhH- kzp
ahuk; gilj;j jkpo;ehL

vd;W kfhftp ghujpahH Nghw;wpg; ghLthH.

Mdhy; mtNu jd; fhyj;Jj; jkpoHfs; jq;fs; gok; ngUikiaAk; GfioAk; njupahJ ehkkJ jkpouha; ,Ug;gijapl;Lf; foptpuf;fg;gLthH.

Nrud; jk;gp rpyk;ig ,irj;jJk;
   nja;t ts;Std; thd;kiw fz;lJk;
ghupy; ey;ypirg; ghz;ba NrhoHfs;
   ghuspj;jJk;> jHkk; tsHj;jJk;
Kd;dH ehL jpfo;e;j ngUikAk;
   %z;bUf;Fkpe; ehspd; ,fo;r;rpAk;
md;d ahTk; mwpe;jpyH ghujj;
   jhq;fpyk;gapy; gs;spAl; NghFeH!

xt;nthU ,dj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU fhyk; nghw;fhykhfj; jpfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpopdj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; rq;ffhyNk jkpouJ nghw;fhykhFk;. ghujpahH thHj;ijapy; $wNtz;Lk; vd;why; cz;ik ,J ntWk;Gfo;r;rp ,y;iy.

KbAil Nte;jHfs; %tUk; nfhw;wk; itj;J rPNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk;> NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;> mwj;NjhLk; kwj;NjhLk; ghuhz;l fhyk; mJ.

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fshd vl;Lj; njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L> gjpnzd;fPo;f;fzf;F Ehy;fs; jkpoupd; xg;gw;w ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;F rhd;W gfUtd.

fs;isAk; jPiaAk; NrHj;J- ey;y fhw;iwAk; thdntspiaAk; NrHj;Jj; njs;S jkpo;g; GyNthH nra;j jPQ;Ritf; fhtpaq;fshd Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fs; jkpo; md;idapd; Gfio jpf;nfl;Lk;kzk;tPrpg; gug;gpd.

fhypy; rpyk;G> ,ilapy; Nkfiy> fhjpy; Fz;lyk;> ifapy; tis> khHgpy; rpe;jhkzp mtspd; ,aw;if moFf;F moF NrHj;jd.

jkpoupd; nkhop NtW> fiy NtW> tho;f;if Kiw NtW. jkpou; Mupaupd; ( tlnkhopahsupd;) epd;W Kw;wpYk; NtW gl;ltH vd;gJ Muha;r;rpahy; Nghe;j cz;ik. gz;ilr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,jw;F rhd;W gfUfpd;wd.

,ilf;fhyj;jpy; jkpo;kuGf;F khwhd tho;f;ifKiw jkpouplk; GFe;J tpl;lJ. jkpoupd; gof;f tof;fq;fs; khwpd. kzKiw khwptpl;lJ. gpw rlq;Ffs; ngUfpd. ,tw;wpd; gadhf ,d;Ws;s jkpoH ehkkJ jkpouhf ,Uf;fpd;whNu jtpu nka;j; jkpouhf -rq;ffhy jkpoHjk; topj;Njhd;wyhf ,y;iy. ,jid ehk; xj;Jf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk;.

ehk; jha;nkhopiag; Nghw;whJ tpl;Nlhk;. jkpo;f; fiyia tsHf;fhJ tpl;Nlhk;. jkpopdj;jpd; kuigf; fhthJ tpl;Nlhk;. tlnkhopf;F mbikahNdhk;. vdNtjhd; tPo;r;rpAw;w jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;> tpirnahbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik Ntz;Lk;> R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ij nghwhikjd;idj; njhifahf vjpH epWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk; fho;r; rpe;ij kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; Koq;FthH.

tPo;r;rpAw;w jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;!
tpir xbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik Ntz;Lk;!
R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ijg; nghwhik jd;idj;
njhifahf vjpHepWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk;
fho;r;rpe;ij> kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk;!
fly;Nghy; nre;jkpiog; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;!
fPo;r; nray;fs; tpl Ntz;Lk;! ,uhtzd;jd;
fPHj;jp nrhy;yp mtd; ehkk; tho;j;j Ntz;Lk;! (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;)

ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd; Miria ,d;W jkpoPok;jhd; nray;gLj;jp epiwT nra;J tUfpwJ. jkpofk; ghujp> ghujpjhrd; fhyj;jpNyNa ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,d;iwa jkpoupd; kzKiw gz;ilj; jkpoH kuGf;F Kw;Wk; khwhdhjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jidj; jkpo; ,yf;fpar; rhd;W nfhz;L fhl;lyhk;.

md;iwa jkpoUila jpUkzk; vspikahf epfo;e;jJ. mjpy; rlq;Ffs; vJTk; ,y;iy. vupNahk;Gjy; ,y;iy. jPtyk; tUjy; ,y;iy. mUe;jjp ghHj;jy; ,y;iy. GNuhfpjH ,y;iy.

mfehEhW vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;W. mjpy; cs;s 400 ghly;fs; ntt;NtW fhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW GytHfshy; ghlg;gl;lit. ,jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L ghly;fs; goe;jkpoupd; jpUkzKiwia tHzpf;fpd;wd. mtw;Ws; ghly; 86 ey;yhT+H fpohH vd;w nre;jkpo;g; GytH ghba ghly;. kzkfd; jdf;F Kd;G epfo;e;;j jpUkzj;ijf; $Wtjhfg; ghlg;ngw;wjhFk;. ,jdpy; $wg; ngWk; jpUkzKiwiaf; fhz;Nghk;.

cOe;Jjiyg; nga;j nfhOe;fdp kpjit
ngUQ;Nrhw; wkiy epw;g epiufhy;
jz;ngUk; ge;jHj; jUkzy; nQkup
kidtpsf; FWj;J khiy njhlupf;
fidapUs; mfd;W ftpd; ngW fhiyf;
Nfhs;fhy; ePq;fpa nfhLntz; jpq;fs;
Nfby; tpog;Gfo; ehliy te;njd
Tr;rpf; Fle;jH Gj;jfy; kz;ilaH
nghJnra; fk;giy KJnrk; ngz;bH
Kd;dTk; gpd;dTk; Kiw Kiw juj;jug;
Gjy;tw; gae;j jpjiyat; tapw;W
thypio kfspH ehy;tH $bf;
"fw;gpdpd; thohm ew;gy Tjtpg;
ngw;Nwhw; ngl;Fk; gpizia Mnfd
ePnuhL nrhupe;j <upjo; myup
gy;ypUq; fJg;gpd; ney;nyhL jaq;f
tJit ed;kzk; fope;j gpd;iwf;
fy;nyd; Rk;ikaH nQNunudg; GFje;J
"Ngupy; fpoj;jp ahnfd" jkH ju
Xupy; $l;ba Tld;GzH fq;Fw;
nfhLk;Gwk; tis,f; Nfhbf; fypq;fj;
njhLq;fpds; fple;j NthHGwe; jkP,
Kaq;fy; tpUg;nghL Kfk;Gij jpwg;g
tQ;rpds; capHj;j fhiy ahoepd;
neQ;rk; glHe;j njQ;rh Jiunad
tpd;dif apUf;ifg; gpd;ahd; tpdtypw;
nrQ;R+l; nlhz;Fio tz;fhJ Jay;tu
mfkyp Atifa shfp KfdpFj;
njha;nad tpiwQ;rp NahNs khtpd;
klq;nfhz; kij,a Nehf;fpd;
xLq;fP Njhjp khm NahNs. (mfehDhW ghly; 86)

fidapUs; mfd;w - G+Htgf;fj;ijAila fhiy.

nfhLk; Gwk; - ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G.

rJHj;jpaiw - ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw.

kij,a Nehf;F - nrUf;fpd ghHit

"vq;fs; jpUkzehsd;W cOe;jk; gUg;Gld; $l;br; rikj;j> gf;Ftkhff; Fioe;j nghq;fNyhL> kiyNghy; Ftpe;j ngUQ; Nrhw;wpid cz;gtHfs; $l;lk; epiwe;jpUe;jJ.

tupirahf fhy;fis el;Lf; FspHe;j kzg; ge;jy; KOJk; ntspapypUe;J nfhz;Lte;j ntz;kzy; gug;gg; gl;bUe;jJ.

kidapy; tpsf;F Vw;wp kyH khiyfis ge;jy; KOJk; neUf;fkhfj; njhq;f tpl;L kpfmofhf myq;fupj;Js;shHfs;. jpUkz tPl;by; kidtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp itj;J xspngwr; nra;Js;shHfs;.

GfopidAila jpq;fSld; $ba cNuhfpzp ed;dhs; Fw;wkw;wJk; tho;tpw;F ey;yJ gaf;Fk; mlHe;j ,Us; ePq;fp> tpbay; njhlq;Fk; tdg;G kpF Neuj;jpy; jpUkz tpoh njhlq;FfpwJ.

jiyapy; ed;ePHf; Flj;jpidj; jhq;fpAk;> ifapy; mfd;w ghj;jpuj;ij Ve;jpf; nfhz;Lk;> jpUkzj;ij nra;J itf;Fk;> fyfyg;Gld; $ba Kjpa kq;fy tho;turpaH ePHf; Flq;fis Kd;NdAk; gpd;NdAk; KiwKiwahfj; je;jpl kzkfis ed; ePuhl;bdH.

ey;y kf;fisg; ngw;W mb tapw;wpy; tup tupahfj; jOk;Gfs; nfhz;l kzptapW tha;e;j kq;fy kfspH ehy;tH Jha MilfisAk; mzpfisAk; mzpe;J $bepd;w kzkfsplk; 'cd;id mile;j fztid tpUk;gpf; $bf; "fw;G newpapd;Wk; jtwhky; ey;ywq;fisr; nra;J> fztd; tpUk;gj;jf;f kidtpahhf mtid tho;ehs; KOJk; ed;F Ngzpf; fhj;J thOk; vz;zj;ijf; iff; nfhz;L tho;thahf!"

vd;W ePUld; FspHe;j ,jo;fs; cs;s G+f;fisAk; Gjpa ney;iyAk; Jhtp tho;j;jpajhy; kzkspd; mlHj;jpahd fupa $e;jypy; mit Njhw;wkspf;f> jpUkzk; ,dpNj epfo;fpwJ.

mjd;gpd; MHtj;JlDk;> Muthuj;JlDk; R+o;e;j cwtpdH ',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kidf; fpoj;jp Mfptpl;lha;' vd;W Nfyp Ngrp kzkfSf;F NfhbALj;jp nky;ypa myq;fhuq;fisr; nra;J> tdg;Gld; $ba KjypuT miwf;Fs; cld; $ba GzHr;rpf;Fupa md;wpuNt mtis mDg;gp itj;jdH. mt;tiwf;Fs; EioAk; kzkfs; cLj;jpa Gjpa Glitf;Fs; jd;id xLf;fpf; nfhz;L> jd; ,dpa fztd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; Nehf;fpr; nry;fpd;whs;.

mg;NghJ mts; Gj;jhilapy; xLq;fp Kfk; Gijj;Jf; fple;jhs;. mtisj; jOTk; tpUg;gj;NjhL Kfj;ij %ba Jzpiar; rw;Nw tpyf;f mts; mjw;F mQ;rp ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;. eLq;fp xLq;fpdhs;. "Vd; gae;jid> cd; kdjpy; cs;sij cs;sthW vd;dplk; $W'
vd tpdhtpNdd;.

mg;NghJ khidg;Nghy; klik nfhz;ltSk;> nrUf;fpidAila Nehf;fpidAilatSk;> FspHe;j $e;jiyAilatSk;> khepwj;jpid cilatSkhfpa kzkfs;> mfk; kyHe;j kfpo;r;rpasha; Kfk; jho;j;jp vd; fhjyp nkype;j kly; nfhz;l fhjpy; mzpe;jpUe;j rpte;j kzpfs; gjpj;j mofpa Fiofs; mira tpiue;J te;J jdf;Fupatid tzq;fpdhs;. Mjyhy; mts; vf;fhyj;Jk; vd;ghy; md;Gilats;. mjid eP mwpaha;"" vd;W Njhopaplk; $wpdhd;.

(gjTiu)

cOe;J -            gUg;G
fspkpjit -         FiojiyAila Fk;khak;
Nfhs; -             mRg fpufq;fs;
fhy; -              ,lk;> rflk;
jpq;fisAila ehs; - jpUkz ehs;
nghJ -           jpUkzk;. vy;yhUk; GFjw;F Nahf;fpa khjyhy; mjidr; nra;fpw Muthj;jpidAila nrt;tpg; ngz;bH
Kd;dTk; gpd;dTk; -   Kw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; gpw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; Kiw Kiwahff; nfhLf;f
Gjy;tH gae;j -      gps;isfisg; ngw;w kfspH
myup -             G+
tJik ed;kzk; -     tJitj; jpUkzk;
Xupy; -              rJHj;jpaiw
cld;GzHjy; -        $lg;GzHfpw
neQ;rk; epide;jJ vQ;rhJiu - kiwahJiu
nfhLk;Gwk; -     ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G
rJHj;jpaiw -       ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw

rq;ffhyj; jkpouJ jpUkz newpia ghlypy; glk;gpbj;J itj;j GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH mtHfSf;F ehk; ed;wp nrhy;yf; flikg; gl;Ls;Nshk;. mtuJ nrhy;Nyhtpaj;ijg; gbf;Fk;NghJ vkJ Kd;NdhuJ ehfupfr; rpwg;ig> gFj;jwpit vz;zp kdk; G+upg;gilfpwJ.

GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH fhjyhy; gpizf;fg;gl;l jiytd; - jiytpaJ Kjy; ,uit vg;gb kpf ehfuPfkhf> kpf espdkhf jiytd; $w;whfr; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhH vd;gJk; vz;zp kfpoj;jf;fJ.

,e;j mfg;ghly; GzHjiyf; Fwpg;gjhy; Kjypy; nrhd;d kUjj; jpizf;F cupa cupg;nghUshFk;.

tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; Nghlg;gLk; jpUkzg; ge;jypy; ntz;kzy; gug;GtJ> G+r;ruk; fl;LtJ ,d;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUtJ vz;zp tpaf;fj; jf;fJ.

kfkfis tho;j;Jk; NghJ ',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kdf;fpoj;jp Mfptpl;lha;" ('Ngupy; fpoj;jp MFvdj;') ,jpy; tUk; ngupa kdf;fpoj;jp vd;w nrhy;yhl;rpia ,d;Wk; 'ngupa gps;isahfp tpl;lhs;' vd;W ngz; G+g;nga;Jk; NghJ nrhy;Yk; tof;fpy; fhzyhk;.

mfehDhw;wpd; kw;iwa ghliyAk; ,g;NghJ ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;jg; ghliyg; ghbatH tpw;Whw;W %nja;apdhH vd;w rq;fg; GytH. ,jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; kzr; nra;jpAk; kzkfd; nrhy;tjhfNt Gidag;gl;Ls;sJ.

ikg;Gwg; GOf;fp nda;f;fdp ntz;NrhW
tiuah tz;iknahL GiuNahHg; Ngzpg;
Gs;Sg; GzHe; jpdpa thfj; njs;nshsp
mq;fz; ,UtpRk;G tpsq;fj; jpq;fs;
rflk; kz;ba JfBH $l;lj;Jf;;
fbefH Gide;J flTs; Ngzpg;
gLkz KonthL g&cg;giz apkpo
tJit kz;zpa kfspH tpJg;Gw;Wg;
G+f;fZk; ,ikahH Nehf;FG kiwa
nkd;G+ thifg; Gd;Gwf; ftl;biy
goq;fd;W fwpf;Fk; gak;gk yWif
joq;Fuy; thdpd; jiyg;ngaw; fPd;w
kz;Zkzp ad;d jhapjo;g; ghit
jz;zW KifnahL ntz;Zhy; R+l;bj;
JhTilg; nghype;J Nktuj; Jtd;wp
kiogl; ld;d kzky;yp ge;jH
,ioazp rpwg;gpw; ngaHtpaHg; ghw;wpj;
jkHekf; fPe;j jiyehs; ,utpy;
EtH ePq;F fw;gpndk; KapUlk; gLtp
KUq;fhf; fypq;f KOtJk; tis,g;
ngUk; GOf; Fw;wepd; gpiw Ejy; FWtpaH
cWtsp ahw;wr; rpWtiu jpwntd
thHt neQ;rnkhL NghHit tt;typd;
ciwfop rhspd; cUT ngaHe; jpikg;g
kiwjpw dwpah shfpg; ignad
ehzpds; ,iwQ;rp NahNs Ngzpg;
g&cg;gif ahk;gw; F&cj; njhil ePtpr;
RUk;gpkpH Ma;kyH Nta;e;j
,Uk;gy; $e;jy; ,Uz;kiw nahspj;Nj. (mfehDhW ghly; 136)

,jd; nghopg;Giu gpd;tUkhW.

nrk;kwpahl;bd; gpd; re;jpid Mf;fpa fwpnahL nea;ahsha ntspa Nrhw;wpid ,t;tstpdnjd;W $wg;glhj tz;ikAlNd Md;Nwhiu tpUk;gpaspj;J tz;Lfs; te;J $b ,dpa ,irnaOg;g mofpa ,lkfd;w Mfhak; tpsf;fkilaj; jpq;fs; cNuhfpzpapw; NrHjyhy; njspe;j xspAila Fw;we;jPUq; $LjYila ehspNyfhtiyAila khspifia myq;fupj;J topgL flTis tzq;fp khHr;ridaike;j FlKoTk;>

kj;jsKk; gUj;j gythr;rpaKk; xypg;g tJit epkpj;jkhf myq;fupf;fg; ngw;w jhjHfs; tpUg;Gw;Wg; G+g;NghYk; fz;fs; ,ikahky; Nehf;fp xJq;f> nky;ypa G+itAila mWfk; Gy;ypd; xypf;Fk; ,bf; FuYila Nkfj;jpd; Kjw; ngay; nga;J tpl;lTld; Kisj;J tsHe;j file;j ePykzpad;d ngupa ,jo;fis cila ghit Nghd;w G+tpdJ FspHe;j ewpa mUk;GfSlNd Nru nts;spa Ehyhw; fl;bajidr; R+l;b Jha Milia cLj;jp nghUe;Jjy; tu neUq;fp te;J ntspNa Nkfj;ijg; gug;gpdhy; xj;j kzy; gug;gpa ge;jupd; fz;Nz fyd;fis neUq;f mzpe;j rpwg;gpdhy; cz;lhFk; tpaHitiag; Nghf;fp ,tis Nehf;fp ntWg;nghope;j fw;gpidAila vkJ capUld; nghUe;jpa ngz;Nz!

tisahj Gjpa Mil KOtijAk; cLj;jpf; nfhz;L ngupa GOf;fj;ijAw;w epd; gpiw Nghd;w new;wpapd; fl;Nlhd;wpa tpaHg;ig kpf;f fhw;wpdhy; Mw;wNtz;br; rpwpJ nghOJ jpwg;ghahf> vd;w MirAw;w neQ;RlNd ,ts; NghHj;jpUe;j NghHitia ehd; thq;Ftjhy; clNd ciwapd;W fopj;j thisg;Nghyf; fz; kUz;L ,ikg;g mjid kiwf;Fk; jpwj;ij mwpahsha; tpUg;g kpFj;Jg; gUj;J vjpH vjpH gpizj;j Mk;gypd; mofpa khiyia ePf;fp> xypf;fpd;w mofpa kyiur; R+ba ngupa gythfpa $e;jiyAilats; ,Uspd; fz;Nz xJq;fp xspj;J epd;W nky;y ehzKw;Wj; jiy ftpo;e;J epd;wts;> ,g;NghJ Clh epd;wds; fhz;.

(gjTiu)

ikg;Gwg; GOf;fpd; - fUfg;GOf;fpd Jha nea;
g&g;giz-        ngupa KuR xypf;f
rflk; -           cNuhfpzp
KoT -           kj;jsk;
gak;G -          Fop
mkYjy;-         neUq;Fjy;
tpJg;G -         Mir
Nktu-           nghUe;Jjy; tu
Jtd;wp -         neUq;fp
gLtp-            tpsp
KUq;fh-         tisahj
cUT-           fz;zpd; tbT
xa;nad -        nky;y

njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ciunra;j eHr;rpdhHf;fpdpaH mfehEhW 86k; ghliyAk;> 136k;ghliyAk; -

fw;G vdg;gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf;
nfhsw;Fup kugpd; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf;
nfhilf;Fup kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNk

ngha;Ak; tOTk; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH
IaH ahj;jdH fuzk; vd;g

vd;Dk; fw;gpay; R+j;jpuq;fSf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhff; fhl;bAs;shH. fhl;b -",jDs; tJitf;F Vw;w fuzq;fs; epfo;e;jthWk; jkH nfhLj;jthWk; fhz;f. Rw;wk; R+o;e;J epd;wJ. jkH mwpa kztiwia kzkf;fs; NrHe;jdH" vdf; $wpAs;shH.

Kd;dH $wpathW ,e;j ,uz;L rq;f fhyj; jpUkzq;fspYk; ,d;iwa jpUkzq;fspy; cs;s -

(1) nghUs; Gupahj tl nkhop ke;jpuq;fs; ,y;iy.

(2) GNuhfpjH ,y;iy.

(3) vup Xk;gy; ,y;iy.

(4) jPtyk; ,y;iy.

(5) mk;kp kpjpj;jy; ,y;iy.

(6) mUe;jjp fhl;ly; ,y;iy.

(7) Nfhj;jpuk; $wy; Kjypad ,y;iy.

,t;tpU jpUkzq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wkplj;Jf; fhyk; nrd;w rupj;jpug; NguhrpupaH jpU. gp.b.rPdpthr ma;aq;fhH mtHfs; " ,g;gz;ilj; jpUkz epfo;r;rpfspy; vuptsHj;jy; ,y;iy> jPtyk; ,y;iy> ,J Kw;Wk; jkpoHf;Nf cupa jpUkzk;>"" vdf;Fwpj;jpUj;jy; kfpoj;jf;fJ.

njhy;fhg;gpa topapy; rq;;f ,yf;fpak; czHj;Jk; mfg; Gwf; Nfhl;ghL cyf ,yf;fpa Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F jkpoHfs; toq;fpa Kjprk; vd;W $wyhk;.

fhjypd; gy;NtW czHr;rpfis cupg;nghUshf itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;wpw;Fg; gpd;dzpahf ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfisAk;> epytiffisAk;> fhyq;fisAk;; mikj;J fhyj;ij ntd;W epw;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fis rq;fg; GytHfs; gilj;Js;shHfs;. Kjw; nghUs; ,y;yhkYk;> fUg;nghUs; ,y;yhkYk; ghly;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; cupg;nghUs; ,y;yhJ ghly;fs; ,y;iy.

cs;Siw ctkk; vd;w cj;jpia rq;fg; GytHfs; ifahz;Ls;shHfs;. tHzid ,aw;iff; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;> Mdhy; mbg;gilapy; mJ jiytd; - jiytp ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; cwitj;jhd; kiwKfkhf tHzpf;Fk;.

rq;f ,yf;fpak; cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fNshL xg;gpl;L 'xg;Gikapy;yhjJ" vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpupj;jhdpa fiyf;fsQ;rpak; (Encyclopaedia of Britannica) jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsk; epiwe;j nkhop vd;W Gfo;e;J NgRfpwJ.

�In the Tamil sangam Literature, the poems are classified by theme into �akam� and �puram�. Both the akam and the puram had well defined genres called �thinais� that paralleled one another, the same poets, for example Paranar and Kapilar wrote great poems in both genres. Each landscape a repertoire of images anything in it may evokes a special feeling. The natural scene implicitly evokes the human scene. For example bee-making honey out of Kurinji flowers evokes the love of union. Not only is the poet�s language Tamil, but the landscapes, the personae and the appropriate moods and situations formulate the realities of the Tamil world into a code of symbols. For some five or six generations, the Sangam poets spoke this common language of symbols creating a body of lyrical poetry probably unequalled in passion, maturity and delicacy by anything in any Indian literature.�

8. jpUkz cwTKiw

rq;ffhyj; jpUkzq;fs; je;ij topapYk;> jha; topapYk; eilngw;wJ. khkd; - khkp kfis kzf;Fk; tof;fk; neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. jkpo; ehl;by; khkd;-khkp tof;NfhL jha; khkid kzf;Fk; tof;fKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. khkd;> khkp vd;w nrhw;fs; ,sq;Nfh mbfshYk;> gy;yt kd;dH fhyj;J Mz;lhshYk;> ehad;khHfshYk;> ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpUehTf;furH "mg;gd;eP mk;ikeP IaDk;eP> md;Gila khkDk;eP khkpAk;eP> xg;Gila khjUk; xz;nghUSk; eP" vdg; ghLfpwhH.

rq;f fhyj;jpYk; ,k;kuG ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpaKk; rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; Neupilahf ,e;j cwTKiwgw;wpf; $wtpy;iy. FWe;njhifapy; cs;s ghlnyhd;W je;ij> jha; cwTilahNu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sy;tof;fk; vd;gij vjpHkiwapy; rhd;W gfUfpwJ. me;j ,dpa ghly; ,J.

ahAk; QhAk; ahuh fpaNuh!
ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiw NfspH!
ahDk; ePAk; vt;top mwpJk;!
nrk;Gyg; ngay;ePH Nghy
md;Gil neQ;rk; jhk; fye;jdNt (FWe;njhif - ghly; 40)

vd; jhAk; cd;jhAk; ahH ahNuh?
vd; je;ijAk; epd; je;ijAk; vt;toppapy; cwTilahH?
ehDk; ePAk; ,g;nghOJ fz;L fhuyhdjd;wp
NtW vt;topapy; Kd;dH mwpe;Js;Nshk;?
MapDk; ehk; fz;l mstpNy ekJ neQ;rq;fs;
nrk;kz; epyj;jpy; nga;j kioePH
mk;kz;zpd; epwj;JlDk; kzj;JlDk;
gpupf;f KbahjthW fe;J tpLtJ Nghd;W
,uz;lwf; fye;J xd;whfNt Mfptpl;ld td;Nwh!

gjTiu

ahAk;            -     vd;Dila jhAk;
QhAk;            -     cd;Dila jhAk;
ahH MfpaH        -     ve;j tifapy; cwtpdH MthH?
ve;ijAk;          -     vd;Dila je;ijAk;
Ee;ijAk;          -     cd;Dila je;ijAk;
vk; Kiw NfspH     -    ve;j KiwapNy cwtpdH?
ahDk; ePAk;         -    ,g;nghOJ xd;W NrHe;jpUf;Fk; ehDk; ePAk;
vt;top mwpJk;      -    ,jw;F Kd;dH ve;j ,lj;jpy; ghHj;Jg; gofp mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;?nrk;Gyk; - nrk;ghL (nrk;kz; G+kp)
ngay;ePH Nghy      -    nga;j kioj; jz;zPiug; Nghy
md;G cil neQ;rk; -    md;Gs;s ekJ cs;sk;
jhk; fye;jdNt    -    jhkhf xd;NwhL xd;W fye;J tpl;ld.

,e;jg; ghliyg; ghba GytH ngaH nrk;Gyg; ngay; ePuhH. ,J mtuJ ,aw;ngauy;y. fhuzg; ngaH. ghl;nlOjpa GytuJ ,aw;ngaH njupahjtplj;J mtH ghba ghlypy; tUfpw ghl;bd; mb> ngUk;ghYk; ctik xd;wpdhy;> mtH miof;fg;gLtJ kuG.

jiytDk; jiytpAk; re;jpj;Jf; $ba gpd;dH> ,td; jk;ikg; gpupthNdh vd;W vz;zp Vq;Ffpwhs; jiytp. mts; cs;sf; Fwpg;ig czHe;j jiytd; mtSf;F ""nre;epyj;jpNy nga;j kioj; jz;zPH vg;gb mjNdhL fye;J tpl;lNjh me;jj; jz;zPiug; Nghy md;G epiwe;j ek; cs;sq;fs; ,uz;Lk; jhkhfNt fye;J tpl;ld. Mjyhy; ,dpg; gpupa khl;Nlhk;"" vd cWjp nkhop gfHfpwhd;. jpiztifahy; ,J FwpQ;rpj;jpiz. FWe;njhifg; ghly;fs; ehEhwpYk; ,J xU xsp tpsf;F. gz;ilj; jkpoupd; ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;Fg; fl;bak; $Wk; ghly;.

rq;ffhyj;J rhd;NwhH ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J tho;e;jhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj nja;tj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj xOf;fj;ij tiuaWj;jhHfs;. GytHfs; ,aw;if epfo;TfisNa ctkhdkhff; ifahz;lhHfs;. mjPj fw;gid ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nja;t ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; %l ek;gpf;if ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,y;ywNk vy;yh mwq;fspYk; rpwe;j mwk; vd;whHfs;. mwk; mtHfspd; tho;f;ifapd; xU $whf ,y;yhky; tho;f;if KOtJNk mwkhf ,Ue;jJ.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; fhg;gpakhFk;. Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fspy; rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;w rpwg;igg; ngWfpd;wd. fhg;gpa mikg;gpy; kl;Lk; my;yhJ ,sq;Nfhtp mbfspd; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nfhtyd; -fz;zfp> Nfhtyd; cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;isnfhz;l Mlyurp khjtp ,tHfisg;gw;wpg; ghl> kzpNkfiy Nfhtyd; -khjtpapd; fhjypy; fdpe;j kfs; kzpNkfiygw;wp rhj;jdhupd; kzpNkfiy NgRk;.

fhg;gpak; vd;gJ Jha jkpo; nrhy;. mJ tl nrhy;yhd "fht;ah" vd;wjd; jpupgy;y.ghg;gpak;> fhg;gpahW> fhg;gpaf;Fb vd;gd KiwNa Ehy;> MW> Fbg;ngaHfisf; Fwpg;gd.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaUk; cz;L. fhg;gpaj;jpy; ciueil> ,irg; ghly;fs;> ehlfg;ghq;F %d;wk; ,Ug;gjhy; ,g;ngaH ngw;wJ. ,d;Dk; xU rpwg;G vd;dntd;why; "KbnfO Nte;jH %tHf;FKupaJ mbfs; ePNu mUSf" vd;wjw;F xg;g KbAil %Nte;jHfshd Nru> Nrho> ghz;baHfisAk;> tQ;rp> GfhH> kJiuahfpa jiy efuq;fisAk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; eLepiyikAld; Gfo;e;J ghLk;. fhg;gpaj;jpd; jiytd; - jiytp (Nfhtyd; - fz;zfp) ngUq;Fbg; gpwe;j kf;fshjyhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak; vd;w tpUijAk; ngWfpwJ.

njhy;fhg;gpaH nka;g;ghl;baypy; vl;Ltif nka;g;ghLfis tiuaiw nra;J mtw;wpw;F ,yf;fzk; ,ak;GthH.

    eifNa> mOif> ,sptuy;> kUl;if>
    mr;rk;> ngUkpjk;> ntFsp> ctif> vd;W
    mg; ghy; vl;Nl nka;g;ghL" vd;g

(njhy;.nghUs; - nka;. 6 R+j;jpuk; 3)

gjTiu

    eif      -   rpupg;G
    mOif    -  mtyk;
    ,sptuy;   -   ,opG
    kUl;if   -   tpag;G
    mr;rk;    -   gak;
    ngUkpjk; -   tPuk;
    ntFsp   -   rpdk;
    ctif   -   kfpo;r;rp

,e;j nka;g;ghLfs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ehd;fhfg; ngUf;fp mtw;wpd; tpupT Kg;gj;jpuz;L vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk;.

,e;j Kg;gj;jpuz;L nka;g;ghl;Lr; Ritfis rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; mw;Gjkhf mikj;Js;shH.

rq;ffhyg; ghly;fs; GytHfs; jk;Nghd;w GytHfSf;F vOjpa ,yf;fpak; vd;w Njhw;wj;ijf; nfhLf;fpwJ. Vl;by; vOj;jhzp nfhz;L vOjpajhy; $w Ntz;batw;iw RUf;fkhfTk; ,Wf;fkhfTk; vOj Ntz;ba fl;lhak; mtHfSf;F ,ay;ghfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt ciuahrpupaHfspd; Jizapy;yhky; rq;fg; ghly;fis gbj;J czHtJ ,ayhj fhupakhFk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,jw;F ngupJk; tpjptpyf;F. nfhQ;R jkpopy; gbg;NghH cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;is nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; ,sq;Nfh rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; ghl;Lilr; nra;Ais gilj;Js;shH. ghujpahH rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij "neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk;" vd;DNkhH Muk;" vd;W tHzpj;jJ Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jkhdNj. jkpo; ,dpikahd nkhop vd;gij xg;gptpg;gjw;F rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijr; rhd;whff; fhl;lyhk;.

(9) itjPfj; jpUkzk; mwpKfk;

rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp. 2k; Ehw;whz;L) vOe;j rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; jkpoH jpUkzk; rq;ffhy kuig kPwp itjPf newpg;gb ele;Njwpaij Kjd; Kjyhfg; ghHf;fpNwhk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; ngz;zpd; ngUikiaAk; fw;gpd; khz;igAk; Ngr te;j fhg;gpak; vd;gjhy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; Kjypy; fz;zfpiaAk; gpd;dH NfhtyidAk; mwpKfk; nra;J itf;fpwhH.

fz;zfp GfhH efuj;J thd;epfH tz;if kheha;f;fd; Fyf; nfhOe;J. mJ NghyNt Nfhtyd; ,Uepjpf; fpotd; khrhj;Jthd; kfd;.

Nghjpy; MH jpUtpdhs; Gfo; cil tbT vd;Wk;
jPJ,yh tlkPdpd; jpwk; ,ts; jpwk; vd;Wk;
khjhuhH njhOJ Vj;j taq;fpa ngUk; Fzj;Jf;
fhjyhs;> ngaH kd;Dk; fz;zfp vd;ghH kd;Ndh. (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghly; 25)

,UtuJ ngw;NwhUk; NrHe;J kdkfpo;NthL Nfhtyd; fz;zfpf;F jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fpd;wdH. jpUkzg; ge;jypd; moF> kiw topapy; jpUkzk; ele;jik> jpUkzj;Jf;F te;jpUe;j ngz;bupd; eyd;fs; ,tw;iw vy;yhk; $wp> kfspH Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia kq;fy ey; mkspapy; Vw;wpaijf; $wpg; gpd;G ,kaj;ij ntd;w Nrhod; ngUikiaf; $wp kzkf;fis tho;j;Jfpd;wdH.

,UngUk; FutUk; xUngU ehshy;
kzmzp fhz kfpo;e;jdH> kfpe;Jop
ahid vUj;jj;J mzp,ioahH Nky; ,uP,
khefHf;F <e;jhH kzk;.

jpUkz mwptpg;ig ahid Nky; mzpfs; G+z;l kfspiu Vw;wp ,Uj;jp GfhH efupy; cs;NshUf;F kzr; nra;jpia mwptpf;fpd;wdH.

mt;top
KuR ,ak;gpd> KUL mjpHe;jd> Kiw vOe;jd gzpyk;> ntz;Fil
juR vOe;jJ> XHgb vOe;jd> mfYs; kq;fy mzp vOe;jJ
khiy jho; nrd;dp tapu kzpj; Jhzfj;J
ePytpjhdj;J> epj;jpyg; G+k; ge;jHfPo;>
thd; CH kjpak; rfL miza thdj;Jr;
rhyp xU kPd; jifahisf; Nfhtyd;
khKJ ghHg;ghd; kiw top fhl;bl
jPtyk; nra;tJ fhz;NghH Nehd;G vd;id! (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 45-53)

ngupa> KjpHr;rpAila me;jzd;> tzpfHf;Fupa kiw newpfspd; gb topfhl;l> kzkf;fs; jPtyk; te;jdH. mf; fhl;rpiaf; fhz;gtH fz;fs; vd;d Nehd;G nra;jdNth?!

,jid mLj;J kzkf;fis tho;j;jp kq;fy mksp Vw;wpdhHfs;. Vw;wp kzkf;fis tho;j;Jk;NghJ gpd;dH fz;zfpf;F tu ,Uf;Fk; Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu vjpHkiwapy; thoj;jpNahh; tha;%yk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; $wptpLfpwhH.

fhjyd; gpupahky;> ftTf;if nQfpohky;
jPJ mWf!"" vd Vj;jp> rpd;kyH nfhL Jhtp
mk; fz; cyfpd; mUe;jjp md;dhis
kq;fy ey; mksp Vw;wpdhH. (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 61-63)

gpd;G Nrhod; tho;j;jg;gLfpwhd;.

jq;fpa
,g;ghy; ,kaj;J ,Uj;jpa ths; Ntq;if
cg;ghiyg; nghd;Nfhl;L cioajh> vg;ghYk;
nrUkpF rpdNty; nrk;gpad;
xU jdp Mop cUl;LNthd; vdNt. (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 64-68)

"vd;Wk; epiwngWk; ,kaj;jpd; ,g;gf;fj;jpy; nghwpj;j Nrhodpd; Gypf;nfhb> mg;gf;fj;jpyYk; ,Uf;Fk;gb kiyiaj; jpupj;jhd;> NghHty;y rpdk; nghUe;jpa NtiyAila Nrhod;. jd; xg;gw;w Mizr;rf;fuj;ij nrYj;Jthdhf" vd - tho;j;jpdH.

jpUkzkhd Kjdhs; ,uT Nfhtyd; fz;zfpiag; ghHj;J mtsJ mofpid Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhu tupfs; NtW ve;j cyf ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; fhzg;glhj Rit cilaJ. GJ kzkfd; nel;LUr; nra;J itj;J jdJ ,y;yf;fpsj;jpiag; ghHj;J mbf;fb nrhy;y Ntz;ba ghly;tupfs;. mJ ,J.

khrW nghd;Nd! tyk;Gup Kj;Nj!
fhrW tpiuNa! fUk;Ng! NjNd!!
mUk;ngww; ghtha;! MUapH kUe;Nj!
ngUq;Fb thzpfd; ngUkl kfNs!
kiyaplg; gpwth kzpNa vd;Nfh?
miyaplg; gpwth mkpo;Nj vd;Nfh?
ahopilg; gpwth ,irNa vd;Nfh?
jho;,Uq; $e;jy; ijahy; epd;id! (rpyk;G kidawk;gLj;j fhij 73-80)

Fw;wkw;w gRk;nghd;Nd! tyk;Gupr; rq;fpNy gpwe;j Kj;Jg; Nghd;wtNs!
Fw;wkw;w tpiuNghd;w kzk; cilatNs!
fUk;gpDk; ,dpa RitAilatNs!
NjdpDk; ,dpik cilatNs!
ngWtjw;F mUikahd ghitNa!
vd; mupa capUf;F mkpo;jk; Nghd;wtNs!
ngUq;Fb thzpfdpd; ngUik nghUe;jpa ,skfNs!

epd;id

'kiyapy; gpwthj kzpNa' vd;W nrhy;NtNdh?
'miyaplg; gpwthj mkpo;jk;' vd;W miog;NgNdh?
"ahopilg; gpwthj ,irNah' vd;W ,ak;GNtNdh?
jho;e;j fUikahd $e;jiyAil ngz;Nz!
epd;id vt;thnwy;yhk; nrhy;ypj;jhd; ghuhl;LNtNdh?""

,sq;Nfh mbfs; ahj;j rpyg;gjpfhuk; -

murpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk;$w;W MtJhck;
ciurhy; gj;jpdpf;F caHe;NjhH Vj;jYk;
Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gJhk;...

vd;w %d;W fUj;Jf;fis ehl;l vOe;j ghl;Lilr; nra;As MFk;.

fz;zfpia ts;StH ,yf;fzk; nrhd;d "nja;tk; njhohs; nfhOew; njhOnjOths; nga;adg; nga;Ak; kio" vd;wjw;F mika ,sq;Nfh mbfs; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; gilj;Js;shH. ,jdhy; fz;zfpia gyfhYk; gythW Gfo;e;J ghbAs;shH.

fw;Gf; flk;G+z;l ,j;nja;tk; my;yJ
nghw;Gilj; nja;tk; ahk; fz;byk;;...

vdf; fTe;jp mbfs; thapyhfTk;

,tNsh> nfhq;fr; nry;tp> Flkiy Ml;b
njd;jkpo;g;ghit> nra;j jtf; nfhOe;J
xUkh kzpaha; cyfpw;F Xq;fpa
jpUkhkzp vdj; nja;tk; cw;W ciug;g.....

vd rhypdp thapyhfTk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;shH.

Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j fz;zfpia -

mk;nrk; rPwb mzprpyk;G xopa
nkd;Jfpy; my;Fy; Nkfiy ePq;f
nfhq;if Kd;wpy; Fq;Fkk; vOjhs;
kq;fy mzpapd; gpwpJ mzp kfpohs;
nfhLq;Fio Jwe;J gbe;J tPo; fhjpds;
jpq;fs; ths;Kfk; rpW tpaHg;G ,upar;
nrq;fay; neLq;fz; mQ;rdk; kwg;gg;
gts ths; Ejy; jpyfk; ,og;gj;
ik ,Uk; $e;jy; nea; mzp kwf;ff;
ifaW neQ;rj;Jf; fz;zfp md;wpAk; - (rpyk;G. me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;G 4757)

vdr; nrhw;rpj;jpuk; jPl;bf; fhl;LthH ,sq;Nfh mbfs;. ,e;jpuhtpohit mLj;J fz;zfp nfl;l fdhf; fhz;fpwhs;. mjidj; jdJ Njhop Njte;jpf;Ff; $Wfpwhs;. mts; fz;zfpf;Fj; NjWjy; $Wfpwhs;.

fhtpup flnyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; kyUfpd;w nea;jy; epy mofpa flw;fiur; Nrhiyapy; ,uz;L jlhfq;fs; cs;sd. mit Nrh Fz;lk;> R+upa Fz;lk; vd miof;fg; ngWk;. mg; ngha;iffspy; %o;fp kd;kjd; Nfhapy; nrd;W njhOjhy; fztnuhL kfpo;thf ,Ug;gH kfspH. ehk; xU ehs; mq;FNgha; mg; ngha;iffspy; ePuhLNthk; vd;W $Wths;.

,jidf; Nfl;l fz;zfp ,uz;Nl ,uz;L nrhw;fspy; jdJ Njhopf;Fg; gjpy; ,Wf;fpwhs;. mg;gbf; fhkd; Nfhtpy; nrd;W topgLtJ vdf;F ""gPL md;W"" vd;gJ mtsJ gjpy;.

rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpd;gpd; fp.gp. 7 my;yJ 8k; Ehw;whz;by; Njhd;wpa ngUq;fijapy; jPtyk; tUjy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> muprp Jhty;> gpuhkzH Mrp> mUe;jjp fhl;ly; Mfpait ,lk; ngWfpwJ.

,jid mLj;J fp.gp. 9Mk; Ehw;whz;bdjhd R+shkzpapy; ngz;zpd; je;ij jhiu thHj;jy; (fd;dpfhjhdk;) jPtyk; nra;jy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> mUe;jjp fhl;ly; Mfpait $wg;gLfpwJ. jhiuthHj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; ,jpNyjhd; Kjd;Kiwahfg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ.

rpe;jhkzpapYk; kzkfs; ePuhl;L> fy;gjpj;j NjhL ePf;fy;> fhg;G mzptpj;jy;> khiy R+l;ly;> ngz;zpd; je;ij ePH ml;bf; nfhLj;jy; Mfpait ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

Mjpapy; ,y;iy ghjpapy; te;jJ

vdNt itjPf jpUkzq;fs; Mjpapy; ,y;yhJ ghjpapy; te;jit. mit jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;F vjpuhdit. nre;jkpio xJf;fp capuw;w tlnrhy; $r;rYf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLg;git. fd;dpfhjhdk; ngz; mbikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghHg;gdHfspd; gof;f tof;fq;fs;> ehfupfk; ,itfisr; rpj;jupf;f vOjg;gl;l Guhzq;fs; mj;jidAk; fl;Lf;fijfNs. ,jid Ehw;iwk;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tlYhH ts;syhH ciwg;ghfr; nrhy;ypg; Nghe;Js;shH.

""cyfpay; rd;khHf;f Kiwg;gb jpUkzk;> G+g;G ed;dPuhl;ly; Kjypa tpohf;fspy;> ,Ul;rhjp jj;Jtr; rhj;jpuf; Fg;igfis vy;yhk; js;sp> fz;%b tof;fq;fisvy;yhk; kz;%bg; Nghftpl;L> xOf;fKk; mwpTKs;s ngupahH xUtiu Kd;djhff; nfhz;L> mtH Kd;dpiyapy; gjp tpsf;F> Fltpsf;F Kjypa jpUtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp Rkq;fpypg; ngz;fshy; vy;yhr; flq;FfisAk; nra;tpj;J> Mz;ltiu topghL nra;J> jhyp fl;Ljy;-ed;dPuhl;Ljy; Kjypa tpohf;fisr; nra;tpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rhjp> rka Ngjq;fs; xd;Wk; ghuhl;lyhfhJ.""

jkpoHfspd; tho;tpaypy; mq;fpq;nfd;dhjgb vq;Fk; jkpo;nkhopAk; jkpo;g; gz;ghLk; NfhNyhr;r Ntz;Lk;.

Myaq;fspy; jkpo; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gUk;> Re;;juUk;> MSilg; gps;isahUk;>mUkzpthrfUk; ghba Njthu jpUthrfq;fs; mHr;rid ke;jpuq;fshf Kof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ''nra;a jkpo; khiyfs;> ehk; njspa Xjpj; njspahj kiw epyq;fs; njspjy; Ntz;Lk;.''

jkpoH jpUkzq;fspy; tz;zj; jkpo; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoH jpUkzq;fs; jkpo;kuGj; jpUkzq;fshfj; jpfsNtz;Lk;.

jkpoHfsJ ,ir jkpopirahfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ir Nkilfspy; ige;jkpopNyNa jkpo;f; fiyQHfs; ghl Ntz;Lk;.

jkpoHfsJ ngaHfs; nre;jkpopy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; cwT Kiwfis tz;lkpopy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

ts;StH nra; jpUf;FwNs jkpoHfsJ nghJ kiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt jkpoHfsJ tho;f;iff;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.

ngupahH> mz;zh> ghujp> ghujpjhrd; ,tHfsJ fdT ,d;W jkpoPoj;jpy; edthfpf; nfhz;bUf;fwJ. me;jf; fdT KOjhff; ifg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. rq;f fhyk; kPz;Lk; tuNtz;Lk;. tq;ff; flypy; Nrhodpd; Gypf; nfhb ePf;fkw kPz;Lk; gl;nlhsp tPrpg; gwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

thopa nre;jkpo; ! tho;few; wkpoH !
thopa jkpoPo kzpj;jpU ehL !

10. jkpNo capNu tzf;fk;!

jkpo;ehl;by; jkpo;nkhopapy; fy;tp> jkpo;nkhopapy; topghL> jkpopnkhopapy; ,ir ,tw;wpw;F ngupa Nghuhl;lNk elhj;j Ntz;bAs;s mtyk; ,d;Wk; njhlHfijahfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpofj;ij 1967k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; ,e;jp vjpHg;ig Kjyhf itj;J Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j jpuhtplf; fl;rpfs; khwp khwp Mz;L te;jhYk; ""vq;Fk; jkpo; vjpYk; jkpo;"" vd;gJ ,d;Dk; njhiythdj;jpy; njupAk; thdtpy;ypd; tHz [hyq;fshfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; ,ir muq;Ffspy; jkpopirNa xypf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nghuhl;lk; njhlq;fp ,d;iwf;F miuEhw;whz;Lf;F Nkyhfptpl;lJ. ,Ue;Jk; Ntw;Wnkhopfspd; Mjpf;fk;> Fwpg;ghf njYq;F nkhop Mjpf;fk; Fiwe;jghlhf ,y;iy.

,t;tstpw;Fk; ,irj; jkpo; Kj;jkpopy; xU $whfg; ghuhl;lg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,iwtidNa Vopiraha;> ,irg;gadha; fz;L fspj;Jg; Nghw;wpatHfs; ehSk; jkpo; tsHj;j ehad;khHfs;. jkpo;kf;fspd; tho;NthL ,ir ,uz;lwf; fye;jpUe;jikia jkpo;nkhopapy; ,d;wpUf;Fk; kpfg; gioa ,yf;fz Ehyhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspypUe;Jk; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,irf;F ,yf;fz Ehy;fs; ,Ue;jij-

    msgpwe; JapHj;jYk; xw;wpif ePlYk;
    csntd nkhopg ,isnahL rptzpa
    euk;gpd; kiwa vd;kdhH GytH..

vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa R+j;jp;uj;jpdhy; mwpayhk;. ",aw;wkpopy; capH vOj;Jk; xw;nwOj;Jk; xypf;Fk; epiy NtW> mt;ntOj;Jf;fs; ,irj;jpopy; xypf;Fk; xypepiyNtW> mjid mt;tpir Ehy;fspy; fz;Lnfhs;f"" vd;fpwhH njhy;fhg;gpaH. "kiw" vd;why; Ehy; vd;W nghUs;. njhy;fhg;gpaH tz;zk; ,UgJ tif vd;ghH. ""tz;zk; vd;gJ re;j NtWghL"" vd;ghH NguhrpupaH. ,JNghyNt rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,irr; gz;fs;> ,irf;fUtpfs;> ,irf; fiyQHfs; gw;wpa Vuhskhd nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

jkpoH Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; FwpQ;rpg;gz;> Ky;iyg;gz;> kUjg;gz;> nea;jw;gz;> ghiyg;gz; fz;ldH. mNjNghy; me;j Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; mNj ngaupy; Itif ahioAk;> njhz;lfg;giw (FwpQ;rp)> VWNfhl;giw(Ky;iy)> kzKoT (kUjk;) kPd;Nfhl;giw (nea;jy;)> epiuNfhl;giw (ghiy) vd Itifg; giwiaAk; fz;ldH.

gz;Zk; giwAk; fz;lNjhL epy;yhky; ,d;d gz; ,d;d nghOJ ghlj;jf;fJ vd ,yf;fzKk; tFj;jdH. ahkk; FwpQ;rpg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. khiy Ky;iy rhjhupg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. tpbfhiy kUjg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. ez;gfy; ghiyf;F cupaJ.

vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;whd GwdhEhw;wpy; ts;sy;fspy; xUtdhd es;sp ms;spf;nfhLj;j gupRfspd; kaf;fj;jhy; ghzH fhiyapy; ghLk; kUjg; gz;iz khiyapYk;> khiyapy; ghLk; nrt;topg; gz;iz fhiyapYk; Kiwkhwpg; ghLfpwhHfshk;. td;guzH ghba me;jg; ghly; ,J.

    es;sp thopNah es;sp ed;nsd;
    khiy kUjk; gz;zpf; fhiyf;
    iftop kUq;fpy; nrt;top gz;zp
    tuntkH kwe;jdH mJeP
    GuTf;fld; G+z;l tz;ik aNd!     (Gwk; 149)

jkpopy; vOe;j ,irEhy;fs; gy ,we;Jgl;ld. gupghly; (Kjw;rq;fk;)> KJehiu> KJFUF> fsupahtpid> ntz;lhsp> tpahokhiy Nghd;w ,ir Ehy;fs; ,d;W ,y;iy. ,oe;j ,e;j ,ir ,yf;fz Ehy;fis rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F ciunaOjpa mbahHf;F ey;yhH gl;bay; ,l;Lf; fhl;btpl;L jk; fhyj;J ,Ue;j rpfz;b> ,irEZf;fk;> ,e;jpufhspak; Kjyhd ,irEhy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Ntjid vd;dntd;why; ,tw;iwAk; ,g;NghJ ,oe;Jtpl;Nlhk;! ek; Kd;NdhHfs; mspj;j nry;tq;fis ghJfhf;fj; njupahJ ePUf;Fk; neUg;Gf;Fk; fhyk;NjhWk; ,oe;JtpLtJ jkpopdj;jpd; rhgf;Nflhf ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.

jkpo;ehl;L ,ir Nkilfspy; Ntw;W nkhopapy; ghLtJ vd;w tpahjp kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH fhyj;jpypUe;Nj tUfpwJ. "ehDk; ghHj;Jf;nfhz;Nl tUfpNwd;> ghl;Lf; fr;Nrup njhlq;FfpwJ> tpj;Jthd; "thjhgp fzgjpk; vd;W Muk;gk; nra;fpwhH."uhkeP ]khd nktU" "kupahj fhJuh". "tuK nyh]hfp" ....... IiaNah IiaNah xNu fij.

ve;j [py;yhTf;Fg; Ngh> ve;j fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; Ngh. ve;j "tpj;Jthd;" te;jhYk; ,Nj fijjhd;. jkpo;ehl;L [dq;fSf;F ,Uk;Gf;fhjhf ,Ug;gjhy; jpUk;gj; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ,e;j Vnol;Lg; ghl;Lf;fis tU\f;fzf;fhff; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. Njhw;fhJ cs;s Njrq;fspNy ,e;j Jd;gj;ijg; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhHfs;."" ,J ghujpahH RkhH vOgj;ije;J Mz;LfSf;F Kd; RNjrkpj;jpudpy; vOjpa fl;Liuapd; xU gFjp. KOf;fl;LiuiaAk; gbj;jhy; kl;LNk ghujpahH fhyj;jpy; jkpopir ,Ue;J Nfhyk; ,y;iy myq;Nfhyk; njupAk;.

jkpopy; ,irapy;iy> ,irnad;why; mJ njYq;F ,irjhd; vd;w khia ntF fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

Mdhy; ,w;iwf;F ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH> jkpoupd; nghw;fhyk; vd tHzpf;fg;gLk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpopy; jkpopir nts;skhfg; gutpg; gha;e;NjhbapUe;jpUf;fpwJ. fypg;ghTk; mjd; cWg;Gfshfpa juT> jhopir> Rupjk;> tz;zfk;> mk;Nghjuq;fk; Nghd;w ,irg;ghf;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghy; gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. xt;nthU ghl;bd; epiwtpYk; Jiw> tz;zk;> Jhf;F> ngaH vd;Dk; ehd;F Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; KOJk; gOjw;w xU Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak;. mjpy; fhzg;gLk; ,irEl;gq;fisAk; ,irf;fUtpfisAk; njd;jkpoPoj;jpd; kPd;ghLk; NjdhL ngw;nwLj;j tpGyhde;j mbfs; jhk; vOjpa "aho;Ehy; vd;w ,irj;jkpo; Ehy;"" (1947) thapyhf ntspf; nfhzHe;J jkpopirf;F mUk;ngUk; njhz;lhw;wpAs;shH.