jkpoH jpUkzk;

ef;fPud; 

7. rq;f fhyj; jpUkzk;

jkpopdk; njhd;ik tha;e;j ,dk;. jkpo;nkhop ,d;W capHj; Jbg;NghLs;s cyf nkhopfspy;> kpfg; goikahd nkhopfspy; jkpo;nkhopAk; xd;W. jkpo;; nkhopf;F ,Uf;Fk; ,yf;fpa tsk; Vida nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fistplr; rpwe;jJ. caHthdJ. ,e;jpaUs; jkpoH nkhopahYk;> ehfupfj;jpdhYk; rpwe;jtH vd;gJ nkhop Muha;r;rpahYk;> mfo;thuha;r;rpahYk; epWtg;gl;l cz;ikfshFk;.  

fy;tpapy; rpwe;j jkpo;ehL -Gfo;f;
fk;gd; gpwe;j jkpo;ehL ...
ts;Std; jd;id cyfpdpf;Nf -je;J
thd;Gfo; nfhz;l jkpo;ehL- neQ;ir
as;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhu nkd;NwhH- kzp

ahuk; gilj;j jkpo;ehL

vd;W kfhftp ghujpahH Nghw;wpg; ghLthH.

Mdhy; mtNu jd; fhyj;Jj;  jkpoHfs; jq;fs; gok; ngUikiaAk; GfioAk; njupahJ ehkkJ jkpouha; ,Ug;gijapl;Lf; foptpuf;fg;gLthH.

Nrud; jk;gp rpyk;ig ,irj;jJk;
   nja;t ts;Std; thd;kiw fz;lJk;
ghupy; ey;ypirg; ghz;ba NrhoHfs;
   ghuspj;jJk;> jHkk; tsHj;jJk;
Kd;dH ehL  jpfo;e;j ngUikAk;
   %z;bUf;Fkpe; ehspd; ,fo;r;rpAk;
md;d ahTk; mwpe;jpyH ghujj;
   jhq;fpyk;gapy; gs;spAl; NghFeH! 

xt;nthU ,dj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU fhyk; nghw;fhykhfj; jpfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpopdj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; rq;ffhyNk jkpouJ nghw;fhykhFk;. ghujpahH thHj;ijapy; $wNtz;Lk; vd;why; cz;ik ,J ntWk;Gfo;r;rp ,y;iy.

KbAil Nte;jHfs; %tUk; nfhw;wk; itj;J rPNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk;> NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;> mwj;NjhLk; kwj;NjhLk; ghuhz;l fhyk; mJ. 

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fshd vl;Lj; njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L> gjpnzd;fPo;f;fzf;F Ehy;fs; jkpoupd; xg;gw;w ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;F rhd;W gfUtd. 

fs;isAk; jPiaAk; NrHj;J- ey;y fhw;iwAk; thdntspiaAk; NrHj;Jj; njs;S jkpo;g; GyNthH nra;j jPQ;Ritf; fhtpaq;fshd Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fs; jkpo; md;idapd; Gfio jpf;nfl;Lk;kzk;tPrpg; gug;gpd.  

fhypy; rpyk;G> ,ilapy; Nkfiy> fhjpy; Fz;lyk;> ifapy; tis> khHgpy; rpe;jhkzp mtspd; ,aw;if moFf;F moF NrHj;jd. 

jkpoupd; nkhop NtW> fiy NtW> tho;f;if Kiw NtW. jkpou; Mupaupd; ( tlnkhopahsupd;) epd;W Kw;wpYk; NtW gl;ltH vd;gJ Muha;r;rpahy; Nghe;j cz;ik. gz;ilr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,jw;F rhd;W gfUfpd;wd.  

,ilf;fhyj;jpy; jkpo;kuGf;F khwhd tho;f;ifKiw jkpouplk; GFe;J tpl;lJ. jkpoupd; gof;f tof;fq;fs; khwpd. kzKiw khwptpl;lJ. gpw rlq;Ffs; ngUfpd. ,tw;wpd; gadhf ,d;Ws;s jkpoH ehkkJ jkpouhf ,Uf;fpd;whNu jtpu nka;j; jkpouhf -rq;ffhy jkpoHjk; topj;Njhd;wyhf ,y;iy. ,jid ehk; xj;Jf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk;. 

ehk; jha;nkhopiag; Nghw;whJ tpl;Nlhk;. jkpo;f; fiyia tsHf;fhJ tpl;Nlhk;. jkpopdj;jpd; kuigf; fhthJ tpl;Nlhk;. tlnkhopf;F mbikahNdhk;. vdNtjhd; tPo;r;rpAw;w jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;> tpirnahbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik Ntz;Lk;> R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ij nghwhikjd;idj; njhifahf vjpH epWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk; fho;r; rpe;ij kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; Koq;FthH. 

tPo;r;rpAw;w jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;!
tpir xbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik Ntz;Lk;!
R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ijg; nghwhik jd;idj;
njhifahf vjpHepWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk;
fho;r;rpe;ij> kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk;!
fly;Nghy; nre;jkpiog; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;!
fPo;r; nray;fs; tpl Ntz;Lk;! ,uhtzd;jd;
fPHj;jp nrhy;yp mtd; ehkk; tho;j;j Ntz;Lk;!
     
      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;) 

ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd; Miria ,d;W jkpoPok;jhd; nray;gLj;jp epiwT nra;J tUfpwJ. jkpofk; ghujp> ghujpjhrd; fhyj;jpNyNa ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. 

,d;iwa jkpoupd; kzKiw gz;ilj; jkpoH kuGf;F Kw;Wk; khwhdhjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jidj; jkpo; ,yf;fpar; rhd;W nfhz;L fhl;lyhk;.

md;iwa jkpoUila jpUkzk; vspikahf epfo;e;jJ. mjpy; rlq;Ffs; vJTk; ,y;iy. vupNahk;Gjy; ,y;iy. jPtyk; tUjy; ,y;iy. mUe;jjp ghHj;jy; ,y;iy. GNuhfpjH ,y;iy.  

mfehEhW vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;W. mjpy; cs;s 400 ghly;fs; ntt;NtW fhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW GytHfshy; ghlg;gl;lit. ,jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L ghly;fs;  goe;jkpoupd; jpUkzKiwia tHzpf;fpd;wd.  mtw;Ws; ghly; 86 ey;yhT+H fpohH vd;w  nre;jkpo;g; GytH ghba ghly;. kzkfd; jdf;F Kd;G epfo;e;;j jpUkzj;ijf; $Wtjhfg; ghlg;ngw;wjhFk;. ,jdpy; $wg; ngWk; jpUkzKiwiaf; fhz;Nghk;. 

cOe;Jjiyg; nga;j nfhOe;fdp kpjit
ngUQ;Nrhw; wkiy epw;g epiufhy;
jz;ngUk; ge;jHj; jUkzy; nQkup
kidtpsf; FWj;J khiy njhlupf;
fidapUs; mfd;W ftpd; ngW fhiyf;
Nfhs;fhy; ePq;fpa nfhLntz; jpq;fs;
Nfby; tpog;Gfo;  ehliy te;njd
Tr;rpf; Fle;jH Gj;jfy; kz;ilaH
nghJnra; fk;giy KJnrk; ngz;bH
Kd;dTk; gpd;dTk; Kiw Kiw juj;jug;
Gjy;tw; gae;j jpjiyat; tapw;W
thypio kfspH ehy;tH $bf;
"fw;gpdpd; thohm ew;gy Tjtpg;
ngw;Nwhw; ngl;Fk; gpizia Mnfd
ePnuhL nrhupe;j <upjo; myup
gy;ypUq; fJg;gpd; ney;nyhL jaq;f
tJit ed;kzk; fope;j gpd;iwf;
fy;nyd; Rk;ikaH nQNunudg; GFje;J
"Ngupy; fpoj;jp ahnfd" jkH ju
Xupy; $l;ba Tld;GzH fq;Fw;
nfhLk;Gwk; tis,f; Nfhbf; fypq;fj;
njhLq;fpds; fple;j NthHGwe; jkP,
Kaq;fy; tpUg;nghL Kfk;Gij jpwg;g
tQ;rpds; capHj;j fhiy ahoepd;
neQ;rk; glHe;j njQ;rh Jiunad
tpd;dif apUf;ifg; gpd;ahd; tpdtypw;
nrQ;R+l; nlhz;Fio tz;fhJ Jay;tu
mfkyp Atifa shfp KfdpFj;
njha;nad tpiwQ;rp NahNs khtpd;
klq;nfhz; kij,a Nehf;fpd;
xLq;fP Njhjp khm NahNs.                       
(mfehDhW ghly; 86) 

fidapUs; mfd;w - G+Htgf;fj;ijAila fhiy.

nfhLk; Gwk; - ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G.

rJHj;jpaiw - ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw. 

kij,a Nehf;F - nrUf;fpd ghHit

"vq;fs; jpUkzehsd;W cOe;jk; gUg;Gld; $l;br; rikj;j> gf;Ftkhff; Fioe;j nghq;fNyhL> kiyNghy; Ftpe;j  ngUQ; Nrhw;wpid cz;gtHfs; $l;lk;  epiwe;jpUe;jJ.

tupirahf fhy;fis el;Lf; FspHe;j kzg; ge;jy; KOJk; ntspapypUe;J nfhz;Lte;j ntz;kzy; gug;gg; gl;bUe;jJ.  

kidapy; tpsf;F Vw;wp  kyH khiyfis ge;jy; KOJk; neUf;fkhfj;  njhq;f tpl;L kpfmofhf myq;fupj;Js;shHfs;. jpUkz tPl;by; kidtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp  itj;J xspngwr; nra;Js;shHfs;. 

GfopidAila jpq;fSld; $ba cNuhfpzp ed;dhs; Fw;wkw;wJk; tho;tpw;F ey;yJ gaf;Fk; mlHe;j ,Us; ePq;fp> tpbay; njhlq;Fk; tdg;G kpF Neuj;jpy; jpUkz tpoh njhlq;FfpwJ.  

jiyapy; ed;ePHf; Flj;jpidj; jhq;fpAk;> ifapy; mfd;w ghj;jpuj;ij Ve;jpf; nfhz;Lk;> jpUkzj;ij nra;J itf;Fk;> fyfyg;Gld; $ba Kjpa kq;fy tho;turpaH ePHf; Flq;fis Kd;NdAk; gpd;NdAk; KiwKiwahfj; je;jpl kzkfis ed; ePuhl;bdH. 

ey;y kf;fisg; ngw;W mb tapw;wpy; tup tupahfj; jOk;Gfs; nfhz;l kzptapW tha;e;j kq;fy kfspH ehy;tH Jha MilfisAk; mzpfisAk; mzpe;J $bepd;w kzkfsplk; 'cd;id mile;j fztid tpUk;gpf; $bf; "fw;G newpapd;Wk; jtwhky; ey;ywq;fisr; nra;J> fztd; tpUk;gj;jf;f kidtpahhf mtid tho;ehs; KOJk; ed;F Ngzpf; fhj;J thOk; vz;zj;ijf; iff; nfhz;L tho;thahf!" 

vd;W  ePUld; FspHe;j ,jo;fs; cs;s G+f;fisAk; Gjpa ney;iyAk; Jhtp tho;j;jpajhy; kzkspd; mlHj;jpahd fupa $e;jypy; mit Njhw;wkspf;f> jpUkzk; ,dpNj epfo;fpwJ.  

mjd;gpd; MHtj;JlDk;> Muthuj;JlDk; R+o;e;j cwtpdH ',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kidf; fpoj;jp Mfptpl;lha;' vd;W Nfyp Ngrp kzkfSf;F NfhbALj;jp nky;ypa myq;fhuq;fisr; nra;J> tdg;Gld; $ba KjypuT miwf;Fs; cld; $ba GzHr;rpf;Fupa md;wpuNt mtis mDg;gp itj;jdH. mt;tiwf;Fs; EioAk; kzkfs; cLj;jpa Gjpa Glitf;Fs; jd;id xLf;fpf; nfhz;L> jd; ,dpa fztd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; Nehf;fpr; nry;fpd;whs;. 

mg;NghJ mts; Gj;jhilapy; xLq;fp  Kfk; Gijj;Jf; fple;jhs;. mtisj; jOTk; tpUg;gj;NjhL Kfj;ij %ba Jzpiar; rw;Nw tpyf;f  mts; mjw;F mQ;rp ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;. eLq;fp xLq;fpdhs;. "Vd; gae;jid> cd; kdjpy; cs;sij cs;sthW vd;dplk; $W'
vd tpdhtpNdd;.
 

mg;NghJ khidg;Nghy; klik nfhz;ltSk;> nrUf;fpidAila Nehf;fpidAilatSk;> FspHe;j $e;jiyAilatSk;> khepwj;jpid cilatSkhfpa kzkfs;> mfk; kyHe;j kfpo;r;rpasha; Kfk; jho;j;jp vd; fhjyp nkype;j kly; nfhz;l fhjpy; mzpe;jpUe;j rpte;j kzpfs; gjpj;j mofpa Fiofs; mira tpiue;J te;J jdf;Fupatid tzq;fpdhs;. Mjyhy;  mts; vf;fhyj;Jk; vd;ghy; md;Gilats;. mjid eP mwpaha;"" vd;W Njhopaplk; $wpdhd;.

(gjTiu) 

cOe;J -            gUg;G  
fspkpjit -         FiojiyAila Fk;khak;
Nfhs; -             mRg fpufq;fs;
fhy; -              ,lk;> rflk;
jpq;fisAila ehs; - jpUkz ehs;
nghJ  -           jpUkzk;. vy;yhUk; GFjw;F Nahf;fpa khjyhy; mjidr; nra;fpw Muthj;jpidAila nrt;tpg; ngz;bH
Kd;dTk; gpd;dTk; -   Kw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; gpw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; Kiw Kiwahff; nfhLf;f
Gjy;tH gae;j -      gps;isfisg; ngw;w kfspH
myup -             G+
tJik ed;kzk;
-     tJitj; jpUkzk;  
Xupy; -              rJHj;jpaiw  
cld;GzHjy;  -        $lg;GzHfpw
neQ;rk; epide;jJ vQ;rhJiu
- kiwahJiu
nfhLk;Gwk;  -     ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G
rJHj;jpaiw -       ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw

rq;ffhyj; jkpouJ jpUkz newpia ghlypy; glk;gpbj;J itj;j GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH mtHfSf;F ehk; ed;wp nrhy;yf; flikg; gl;Ls;Nshk;. mtuJ nrhy;Nyhtpaj;ijg; gbf;Fk;NghJ vkJ Kd;NdhuJ ehfupfr; rpwg;ig> gFj;jwpit vz;zp kdk; G+upg;gilfpwJ.  

GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH fhjyhy; gpizf;fg;gl;l jiytd; - jiytpaJ Kjy; ,uit vg;gb kpf ehfuPfkhf> kpf espdkhf jiytd; $w;whfr; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhH vd;gJk; vz;zp kfpoj;jf;fJ.  

,e;j mfg;ghly; GzHjiyf; Fwpg;gjhy; Kjypy; nrhd;d kUjj; jpizf;F cupa cupg;nghUshFk;.   

tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; Nghlg;gLk; jpUkzg; ge;jypy; ntz;kzy; gug;GtJ> G+r;ruk; fl;LtJ ,d;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUtJ vz;zp tpaf;fj; jf;fJ.  

kfkfis tho;j;Jk; NghJ ',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kdf;fpoj;jp Mfptpl;lha;" ('Ngupy; fpoj;jp MFvdj;') ,jpy; tUk; ngupa kdf;fpoj;jp vd;w nrhy;yhl;rpia ,d;Wk; 'ngupa gps;isahfp tpl;lhs;' vd;W ngz; G+g;nga;Jk; NghJ nrhy;Yk; tof;fpy; fhzyhk;.

mfehDhw;wpd; kw;iwa ghliyAk;  ,g;NghJ ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;jg; ghliyg; ghbatH tpw;Whw;W %nja;apdhH vd;w rq;fg; GytH. ,jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; kzr; nra;jpAk; kzkfd; nrhy;tjhfNt Gidag;gl;Ls;sJ. 

ikg;Gwg; GOf;fp nda;f;fdp ntz;NrhW
tiuah tz;iknahL GiuNahHg; Ngzpg;
Gs;Sg; GzHe; jpdpa thfj; njs;nshsp
mq;fz; ,UtpRk;G tpsq;fj; jpq;fs;
rflk; kz;ba JfBH $l;lj;Jf;;
fbefH Gide;J flTs; Ngzpg;
gLkz KonthL g&cg;giz apkpo
tJit kz;zpa kfspH tpJg;Gw;Wg;
G+f;fZk; ,ikahH Nehf;FG kiwa
nkd;G+ thifg; Gd;Gwf; ftl;biy
goq;fd;W fwpf;Fk;  gak;gk yWif
joq;Fuy; thdpd; jiyg;ngaw; fPd;w
kz;Zkzp ad;d jhapjo;g; ghit
jz;zW KifnahL ntz;Zhy; R+l;bj;
JhTilg; nghype;J Nktuj; Jtd;wp
kiogl; ld;d kzky;yp ge;jH
,ioazp rpwg;gpw; ngaHtpaHg; ghw;wpj;
jkHekf; fPe;j jiyehs; ,utpy;
EtH ePq;F fw;gpndk; KapUlk; gLtp
KUq;fhf; fypq;f KOtJk; tis,g;
ngUk; GOf; Fw;wepd; gpiw Ejy; FWtpaH
cWtsp ahw;wr; rpWtiu jpwntd
thHt neQ;rnkhL NghHit tt;typd;
ciwfop rhspd; cUT ngaHe; jpikg;g
kiwjpw dwpah shfpg; ignad
ehzpds; ,iwQ;rp NahNs Ngzpg;
g&cg;gif ahk;gw; F&cj; njhil ePtpr;
RUk;gpkpH Ma;kyH Nta;e;j
,Uk;gy; $e;jy; ,Uz;kiw nahspj;Nj. 
(mfehDhW ghly;  136) 

,jd; nghopg;Giu gpd;tUkhW. 

nrk;kwpahl;bd; gpd; re;jpid Mf;fpa fwpnahL nea;ahsha ntspa Nrhw;wpid ,t;tstpdnjd;W $wg;glhj tz;ikAlNd Md;Nwhiu tpUk;gpaspj;J tz;Lfs; te;J $b ,dpa ,irnaOg;g mofpa ,lkfd;w Mfhak; tpsf;fkilaj; jpq;fs; cNuhfpzpapw; NrHjyhy; njspe;j xspAila Fw;we;jPUq; $LjYila ehspNyfhtiyAila khspifia myq;fupj;J topgL flTis tzq;fp khHr;ridaike;j FlKoTk;>  

kj;jsKk; gUj;j gythr;rpaKk; xypg;g tJit epkpj;jkhf myq;fupf;fg; ngw;w jhjHfs; tpUg;Gw;Wg; G+g;NghYk; fz;fs; ,ikahky; Nehf;fp xJq;f> nky;ypa G+itAila mWfk; Gy;ypd; xypf;Fk; ,bf; FuYila Nkfj;jpd; Kjw; ngay; nga;J tpl;lTld; Kisj;J tsHe;j file;j ePykzpad;d ngupa ,jo;fis cila  ghit Nghd;w G+tpdJ FspHe;j ewpa mUk;GfSlNd Nru nts;spa Ehyhw; fl;bajidr; R+l;b Jha Milia cLj;jp nghUe;Jjy; tu neUq;fp te;J ntspNa Nkfj;ijg; gug;gpdhy; xj;j kzy; gug;gpa ge;jupd; fz;Nz fyd;fis neUq;f mzpe;j rpwg;gpdhy; cz;lhFk; tpaHitiag; Nghf;fp  ,tis Nehf;fp ntWg;nghope;j fw;gpidAila vkJ capUld; nghUe;jpa ngz;Nz! 

tisahj Gjpa Mil KOtijAk; cLj;jpf; nfhz;L ngupa GOf;fj;ijAw;w epd; gpiw Nghd;w new;wpapd; fl;Nlhd;wpa tpaHg;ig kpf;f fhw;wpdhy; Mw;wNtz;br; rpwpJ nghOJ jpwg;ghahf> vd;w MirAw;w neQ;RlNd ,ts; NghHj;jpUe;j NghHitia ehd; thq;Ftjhy; clNd ciwapd;W fopj;j thisg;Nghyf; fz; kUz;L ,ikg;g mjid kiwf;Fk; jpwj;ij mwpahsha; tpUg;g kpFj;Jg; gUj;J  vjpH vjpH gpizj;j Mk;gypd; mofpa khiyia ePf;fp> xypf;fpd;w mofpa kyiur; R+ba ngupa gythfpa $e;jiyAilats; ,Uspd; fz;Nz xJq;fp xspj;J epd;W nky;y ehzKw;Wj; jiy ftpo;e;J epd;wts;> ,g;NghJ Clh epd;wds; fhz;.  

(gjTiu) 

 ikg;Gwg; GOf;fpd; - fUfg;GOf;fpd Jha nea;
 g&g;giz-        ngupa KuR xypf;f
 rflk; -           cNuhfpzp
 KoT -           kj;jsk;
 gak;G -          Fop
 mkYjy;-         neUq;Fjy;
 tpJg;G -         Mir
 Nktu-           nghUe;Jjy; tu
 Jtd;wp -         neUq;fp
 gLtp-            tpsp
 KUq;fh-         tisahj
 cUT-           fz;zpd; tbT
 xa;nad -        nky;y  

njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ciunra;j eHr;rpdhHf;fpdpaH mfehEhW 86k; ghliyAk;> 136k;ghliyAk; - 

fw;G vdg;gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf;
nfhsw;Fup kugpd; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf;
nfhilf;Fup kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNk

ngha;Ak; tOTk; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH
IaH ahj;jdH fuzk; vd;g

vd;Dk; fw;gpay; R+j;jpuq;fSf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhff; fhl;bAs;shH. fhl;b -",jDs; tJitf;F Vw;w fuzq;fs; epfo;e;jthWk; jkH nfhLj;jthWk; fhz;f. Rw;wk; R+o;e;J epd;wJ. jkH mwpa kztiwia kzkf;fs; NrHe;jdH" vdf; $wpAs;shH. 

Kd;dH $wpathW ,e;j ,uz;L rq;f fhyj; jpUkzq;fspYk; ,d;iwa jpUkzq;fspy; cs;s - 

    (1) nghUs; Gupahj tl nkhop ke;jpuq;fs; ,y;iy.

    (2) GNuhfpjH ,y;iy.  

    (3) vup Xk;gy; ,y;iy.  

    (4) jPtyk; ,y;iy.  

    (5) mk;kp kpjpj;jy; ,y;iy.  

    (6) mUe;jjp fhl;ly; ,y;iy.  

    (7) Nfhj;jpuk; $wy; Kjypad ,y;iy.  

,t;tpU jpUkzq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wkplj;Jf; fhyk; nrd;w rupj;jpug; NguhrpupaH jpU. gp.b.rPdpthr ma;aq;fhH mtHfs; " ,g;gz;ilj; jpUkz epfo;r;rpfspy; vuptsHj;jy; ,y;iy> jPtyk; ,y;iy> ,J Kw;Wk; jkpoHf;Nf cupa jpUkzk;>"" vdf;Fwpj;jpUj;jy; kfpoj;jf;fJ.

njhy;fhg;gpa topapy; rq;;f ,yf;fpak; czHj;Jk; mfg; Gwf; Nfhl;ghL cyf ,yf;fpa Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F jkpoHfs; toq;fpa Kjprk; vd;W $wyhk;. 

fhjypd; gy;NtW  czHr;rpfis cupg;nghUshf itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;wpw;Fg; gpd;dzpahf ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfisAk;> epytiffisAk;> fhyq;fisAk;; mikj;J fhyj;ij ntd;W epw;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fis rq;fg; GytHfs; gilj;Js;shHfs;. Kjw; nghUs; ,y;yhkYk;> fUg;nghUs; ,y;yhkYk; ghly;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; cupg;nghUs; ,y;yhJ ghly;fs; ,y;iy. 

cs;Siw ctkk; vd;w cj;jpia rq;fg; GytHfs; ifahz;Ls;shHfs;. tHzid ,aw;iff; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;> Mdhy; mbg;gilapy; mJ jiytd; - jiytp ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; cwitj;jhd;  kiwKfkhf tHzpf;Fk;.

rq;f ,yf;fpak; cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fNshL xg;gpl;L 'xg;Gikapy;yhjJ" vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpupj;jhdpa fiyf;fsQ;rpak; (Encyclopaedia of Britannica) jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsk; epiwe;j nkhop vd;W Gfo;e;J NgRfpwJ.

“In the Tamil sangam Literature, the poems are classified by theme into ‘akam’ and ‘puram’. Both the akam and the puram had well defined genres called ‘thinais’ that  paralleled one another, the same poets, for example Paranar and Kapilar wrote great  poems in both genres. Each landscape a repertoire of images anything in it may evokes a special feeling. The natural scene implicitly evokes the human scene. For example bee-making honey out of Kurinji flowers evokes the love of union. Not only is the poet’s language Tamil, but the landscapes, the personae and the appropriate moods and situations formulate the realities of the Tamil world into a code of symbols. For some five or six generations, the Sangam poets spoke this common language of symbols creating a body of lyrical poetry probably unequalled in passion, maturity and delicacy by anything in any Indian literature.”   


  

8. jpUkz cwTKiw

rq;ffhyj; jpUkzq;fs; je;ij topapYk;> jha;  topapYk; eilngw;wJ. khkd; - khkp kfis kzf;Fk; tof;fk; neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. jkpo; ehl;by; khkd;-khkp tof;NfhL jha; khkid kzf;Fk; tof;fKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. khkd;> khkp  vd;w nrhw;fs; ,sq;Nfh mbfshYk;> gy;yt kd;dH fhyj;J Mz;lhshYk;> ehad;khHfshYk;> ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.  

jpUehTf;furH "mg;gd;eP mk;ikeP IaDk;eP> md;Gila khkDk;eP khkpAk;eP> xg;Gila khjUk; xz;nghUSk; eP" vdg; ghLfpwhH. 

rq;f fhyj;jpYk; ,k;kuG ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpaKk; rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; Neupilahf ,e;j cwTKiwgw;wpf; $wtpy;iy. FWe;njhifapy; cs;s ghlnyhd;W je;ij> jha; cwTilahNu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sy;tof;fk; vd;gij vjpHkiwapy; rhd;W gfUfpwJ. me;j ,dpa ghly; ,J.

ahAk; QhAk; ahuh fpaNuh!
ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiw NfspH!

ahDk; ePAk; vt;top mwpJk;!

nrk;Gyg; ngay;ePH Nghy

md;Gil neQ;rk; jhk; fye;jdNt
 
               (FWe;njhif - ghly; 40) 

vd; jhAk; cd;jhAk; ahH ahNuh?
vd; je;ijAk; epd; je;ijAk; vt;toppapy; cwTilahH?

ehDk; ePAk; ,g;nghOJ fz;L fhuyhdjd;wp

NtW vt;topapy; Kd;dH mwpe;Js;Nshk;?

MapDk; ehk; fz;l mstpNy ekJ neQ;rq;fs;

nrk;kz; epyj;jpy; nga;j kioePH

mk;kz;zpd; epwj;JlDk; kzj;JlDk;

gpupf;f KbahjthW fe;J tpLtJ Nghd;W

,uz;lwf; fye;J xd;whfNt Mfptpl;ld td;Nwh!

gjTiu  

ahAk;            -     vd;Dila jhAk;
QhAk;            -     cd;Dila jhAk;
ahH MfpaH        -     ve;j tifapy; cwtpdH MthH?

ve;ijAk;          -     vd;Dila je;ijAk;
Ee;ijAk;          -     cd;Dila je;ijAk;
vk; Kiw NfspH     -    ve;j KiwapNy cwtpdH?
ahDk; ePAk;         -    ,g;nghOJ xd;W NrHe;jpUf;Fk; ehDk; ePAk;
vt;top mwpJk;      -    ,jw;F Kd;dH ve;j ,lj;jpy; ghHj;Jg; gofp mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;?nrk;Gyk; - nrk;ghL (nrk;kz; G+kp)
ngay;ePH Nghy      -    nga;j kioj; jz;zPiug; Nghy
md;G cil neQ;rk; -    md;Gs;s ekJ cs;sk;
jhk; fye;jdNt    -    jhkhf xd;NwhL xd;W fye;J tpl;ld.

,e;jg; ghliyg; ghba GytH ngaH nrk;Gyg; ngay; ePuhH. ,J mtuJ ,aw;ngauy;y. fhuzg; ngaH. ghl;nlOjpa GytuJ ,aw;ngaH njupahjtplj;J mtH ghba ghlypy; tUfpw ghl;bd; mb> ngUk;ghYk; ctik xd;wpdhy;> mtH miof;fg;gLtJ kuG.

jiytDk; jiytpAk; re;jpj;Jf; $ba gpd;dH> ,td; jk;ikg; gpupthNdh vd;W vz;zp Vq;Ffpwhs; jiytp. mts; cs;sf; Fwpg;ig czHe;j jiytd; mtSf;F ""nre;epyj;jpNy nga;j kioj; jz;zPH vg;gb mjNdhL fye;J tpl;lNjh me;jj; jz;zPiug; Nghy md;G epiwe;j ek; cs;sq;fs; ,uz;Lk; jhkhfNt fye;J tpl;ld. Mjyhy; ,dpg; gpupa khl;Nlhk;"" vd cWjp nkhop gfHfpwhd;. jpiztifahy; ,J FwpQ;rpj;jpiz. FWe;njhifg; ghly;fs; ehEhwpYk; ,J xU xsp tpsf;F.  gz;ilj; jkpoupd; ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;Fg; fl;bak; $Wk; ghly;.

rq;ffhyj;J rhd;NwhH ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J tho;e;jhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj nja;tj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj xOf;fj;ij tiuaWj;jhHfs;. GytHfs; ,aw;if epfo;TfisNa ctkhdkhff; ifahz;lhHfs;. mjPj fw;gid ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nja;t ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; %l ek;gpf;if ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,y;ywNk vy;yh mwq;fspYk; rpwe;j mwk; vd;whHfs;. mwk; mtHfspd; tho;f;ifapd; xU $whf ,y;yhky; tho;f;if KOtJNk mwkhf ,Ue;jJ.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; fhg;gpakhFk;. Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fspy; rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;w rpwg;igg; ngWfpd;wd. fhg;gpa mikg;gpy; kl;Lk; my;yhJ ,sq;Nfhtp mbfspd; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nfhtyd; -fz;zfp> Nfhtyd; cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;isnfhz;l Mlyurp khjtp  ,tHfisg;gw;wpg; ghl> kzpNkfiy Nfhtyd; -khjtpapd; fhjypy; fdpe;j kfs; kzpNkfiygw;wp rhj;jdhupd; kzpNkfiy NgRk;.

fhg;gpak; vd;gJ Jha jkpo; nrhy;. mJ tl nrhy;yhd "fht;ah" vd;wjd; jpupgy;y.ghg;gpak;> fhg;gpahW> fhg;gpaf;Fb vd;gd KiwNa Ehy;> MW> Fbg;ngaHfisf; Fwpg;gd.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F Kj;jkpo;f;  fhg;gpak; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaUk; cz;L. fhg;gpaj;jpy; ciueil> ,irg; ghly;fs;> ehlfg;ghq;F %d;wk; ,Ug;gjhy; ,g;ngaH ngw;wJ. ,d;Dk; xU rpwg;G vd;dntd;why; "KbnfO Nte;jH %tHf;FKupaJ mbfs; ePNu mUSf" vd;wjw;F xg;g  KbAil %Nte;jHfshd Nru> Nrho> ghz;baHfisAk;> tQ;rp> GfhH> kJiuahfpa jiy efuq;fisAk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; eLepiyikAld; Gfo;e;J ghLk;. fhg;gpaj;jpd; jiytd; - jiytp (Nfhtyd; - fz;zfp)  ngUq;Fbg; gpwe;j kf;fshjyhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak; vd;w tpUijAk; ngWfpwJ.

njhy;fhg;gpaH nka;g;ghl;baypy; vl;Ltif nka;g;ghLfis tiuaiw nra;J mtw;wpw;F ,yf;fzk; ,ak;GthH.

    eifNa> mOif> ,sptuy;> kUl;if>
    mr;rk;> ngUkpjk;> ntFsp> ctif> vd;W

    mg; ghy; vl;Nl nka;g;ghL" vd;g

    (njhy;.nghUs; - nka;. 6 R+j;jpuk; 3)

gjTiu

    eif      -   rpupg;G
    mOif    -  mtyk;
    ,sptuy;   -   ,opG
    kUl;if   -   tpag;G
    mr;rk;    -   gak;
    ngUkpjk;  -   tPuk;
    ntFsp   -   rpdk;
    ctif   -   kfpo;r;rp

,e;j nka;g;ghLfs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ehd;fhfg; ngUf;fp mtw;wpd; tpupT Kg;gj;jpuz;L vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk;.

,e;j Kg;gj;jpuz;L nka;g;ghl;Lr; Ritfis rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; mw;Gjkhf mikj;Js;shH.

rq;ffhyg; ghly;fs; GytHfs; jk;Nghd;w GytHfSf;F vOjpa ,yf;fpak; vd;w Njhw;wj;ijf; nfhLf;fpwJ. Vl;by; vOj;jhzp nfhz;L vOjpajhy; $w Ntz;batw;iw RUf;fkhfTk; ,Wf;fkhfTk; vOj Ntz;ba fl;lhak; mtHfSf;F ,ay;ghfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt ciuahrpupaHfspd; Jizapy;yhky; rq;fg; ghly;fis gbj;J czHtJ ,ayhj fhupakhFk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,jw;F ngupJk;  tpjptpyf;F. nfhQ;R jkpopy; gbg;NghH cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;is nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; ,sq;Nfh  rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; ghl;Lilr; nra;Ais gilj;Js;shH. ghujpahH rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij "neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk;" vd;DNkhH Muk;" vd;W tHzpj;jJ Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jkhdNj. jkpo; ,dpikahd nkhop vd;gij xg;gptpg;gjw;F rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijr; rhd;whff; fhl;lyhk;.


 (9) itjPfj; jpUkzk; mwpKfk;

rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp. 2k; Ehw;whz;L) vOe;j rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; jkpoH jpUkzk; rq;ffhy kuig kPwp itjPf newpg;gb ele;Njwpaij Kjd; Kjyhfg; ghHf;fpNwhk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; ngz;zpd; ngUikiaAk; fw;gpd; khz;igAk; Ngr te;j fhg;gpak; vd;gjhy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; Kjypy; fz;zfpiaAk; gpd;dH NfhtyidAk; mwpKfk; nra;J itf;fpwhH.

fz;zfp GfhH efuj;J thd;epfH tz;if kheha;f;fd; Fyf; nfhOe;J. mJ NghyNt Nfhtyd; ,Uepjpf; fpotd; khrhj;Jthd; kfd;.

Nghjpy; MH jpUtpdhs; Gfo; cil tbT vd;Wk;
jPJ,yh tlkPdpd; jpwk; ,ts; jpwk; vd;Wk;

khjhuhH njhOJ Vj;j taq;fpa ngUk; Fzj;Jf;

fhjyhs;> ngaH kd;Dk; fz;zfp vd;ghH kd;Ndh. 
(rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghly; 25)

,UtuJ  ngw;NwhUk; NrHe;J kdkfpo;NthL Nfhtyd; fz;zfpf;F jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fpd;wdH. jpUkzg; ge;jypd; moF> kiw topapy; jpUkzk; ele;jik> jpUkzj;Jf;F te;jpUe;j ngz;bupd; eyd;fs; ,tw;iw vy;yhk; $wp> kfspH Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia kq;fy ey; mkspapy; Vw;wpaijf; $wpg; gpd;G ,kaj;ij ntd;w Nrhod; ngUikiaf; $wp  kzkf;fis tho;j;Jfpd;wdH.

,UngUk; FutUk; xUngU ehshy;
kzmzp fhz kfpo;e;jdH> kfpe;Jop

ahid vUj;jj;J mzp,ioahH Nky; ,uP,

khefHf;F <e;jhH kzk;.


jpUkz mwptpg;ig ahid Nky; mzpfs; G+z;l kfspiu Vw;wp ,Uj;jp GfhH efupy; cs;NshUf;F kzr; nra;jpia mwptpf;fpd;wdH.

mt;top
KuR ,ak;gpd> KUL mjpHe;jd> Kiw vOe;jd gzpyk;> ntz;Fil

juR vOe;jJ> XHgb vOe;jd> mfYs; kq;fy mzp vOe;jJ
khiy jho; nrd;dp tapu kzpj; Jhzfj;J

ePytpjhdj;J> epj;jpyg; G+k; ge;jHfPo;>

thd; CH kjpak; rfL miza thdj;Jr;
rhyp xU kPd; jifahisf; Nfhtyd;

khKJ ghHg;ghd; kiw top fhl;bl

jPtyk; nra;tJ fhz;NghH Nehd;G vd;id!
   (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 45-53)

ngupa> KjpHr;rpAila me;jzd;> tzpfHf;Fupa kiw  newpfspd; gb topfhl;l> kzkf;fs; jPtyk; te;jdH. mf; fhl;rpiaf; fhz;gtH fz;fs; vd;d Nehd;G nra;jdNth?!

,jid mLj;J kzkf;fis tho;j;jp kq;fy mksp Vw;wpdhHfs;. Vw;wp kzkf;fis tho;j;Jk;NghJ gpd;dH fz;zfpf;F tu ,Uf;Fk; Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu vjpHkiwapy; thoj;jpNahh; tha;%yk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; $wptpLfpwhH.

fhjyd; gpupahky;> ftTf;if nQfpohky;
jPJ mWf!"" vd Vj;jp> rpd;kyH nfhL Jhtp

mk; fz; cyfpd; mUe;jjp md;dhis
kq;fy ey; mksp Vw;wpdhH.
 
                (rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 61-63)

gpd;G Nrhod; tho;j;jg;gLfpwhd;.

jq;fpa
,g;ghy; ,kaj;J ,Uj;jpa ths; Ntq;if

cg;ghiyg; nghd;Nfhl;L cioajh> vg;ghYk;

nrUkpF rpdNty; nrk;gpad;
xU jdp Mop cUl;LNthd; vdNt.        
(rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 64-68)

"vd;Wk; epiwngWk; ,kaj;jpd; ,g;gf;fj;jpy; nghwpj;j Nrhodpd; Gypf;nfhb> mg;gf;fj;jpyYk; ,Uf;Fk;gb kiyiaj; jpupj;jhd;> NghHty;y rpdk; nghUe;jpa NtiyAila Nrhod;. jd; xg;gw;w Mizr;rf;fuj;ij nrYj;Jthdhf" vd - tho;j;jpdH.

jpUkzkhd Kjdhs; ,uT Nfhtyd; fz;zfpiag; ghHj;J mtsJ mofpid Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhu tupfs; NtW ve;j cyf ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; fhzg;glhj Rit cilaJ. GJ kzkfd; nel;LUr; nra;J itj;J jdJ ,y;yf;fpsj;jpiag; ghHj;J mbf;fb nrhy;y Ntz;ba ghly;tupfs;. mJ ,J. 

khrW nghd;Nd! tyk;Gup Kj;Nj!
fhrW tpiuNa! fUk;Ng! NjNd!!

mUk;ngww; ghtha;! MUapH kUe;Nj!

ngUq;Fb thzpfd; ngUkl kfNs!

kiyaplg; gpwth kzpNa vd;Nfh?

miyaplg; gpwth mkpo;Nj vd;Nfh?

ahopilg; gpwth ,irNa vd;Nfh?
jho;,Uq; $e;jy; ijahy; epd;id!
         (rpyk;G kidawk;gLj;j fhij 73-80)

Fw;wkw;w gRk;nghd;Nd! tyk;Gupr; rq;fpNy gpwe;j Kj;Jg; Nghd;wtNs!
Fw;wkw;w  tpiuNghd;w kzk; cilatNs!
fUk;gpDk; ,dpa RitAilatNs!
NjdpDk; ,dpik cilatNs!
ngWtjw;F mUikahd ghitNa!
vd; mupa capUf;F mkpo;jk; Nghd;wtNs!  

ngUq;Fb thzpfdpd; ngUik nghUe;jpa ,skfNs!

epd;id

'kiyapy; gpwthj kzpNa' vd;W nrhy;NtNdh?
'miyaplg; gpwthj mkpo;jk;' vd;W miog;NgNdh?

"ahopilg; gpwthj ,irNah' vd;W ,ak;GNtNdh?

jho;e;j fUikahd $e;jiyAil ngz;Nz!
epd;id vt;thnwy;yhk; nrhy;ypj;jhd; ghuhl;LNtNdh?""
 

,sq;Nfh mbfs; ahj;j rpyg;gjpfhuk; -

murpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk;$w;W MtJhck;
ciurhy; gj;jpdpf;F caHe;NjhH Vj;jYk;
Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gJhk;...

vd;w %d;W fUj;Jf;fis ehl;l vOe;j ghl;Lilr; nra;As MFk;.

fz;zfpia ts;StH ,yf;fzk; nrhd;d "nja;tk; njhohs; nfhOew; njhOnjOths; nga;adg; nga;Ak; kio" vd;wjw;F mika ,sq;Nfh mbfs; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; gilj;Js;shH. ,jdhy; fz;zfpia gyfhYk; gythW Gfo;e;J ghbAs;shH.

fw;Gf; flk;G+z;l ,j;nja;tk; my;yJ
nghw;Gilj; nja;tk; ahk; fz;byk;;...

vdf; fTe;jp mbfs; thapyhfTk;

,tNsh> nfhq;fr; nry;tp> Flkiy Ml;b
njd;jkpo;g;ghit> nra;j jtf; nfhOe;J
xUkh kzpaha; cyfpw;F Xq;fpa
jpUkhkzp vdj; nja;tk; cw;W ciug;g.....

vd rhypdp thapyhfTk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;shH.

Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j fz;zfpia -

mk;nrk; rPwb mzprpyk;G xopa
nkd;Jfpy; my;Fy; Nkfiy ePq;f

nfhq;if Kd;wpy; Fq;Fkk; vOjhs;

kq;fy mzpapd; gpwpJ mzp kfpohs;

nfhLq;Fio Jwe;J gbe;J tPo; fhjpds;

jpq;fs; ths;Kfk; rpW tpaHg;G ,upar;

nrq;fay; neLq;fz; mQ;rdk; kwg;gg;

gts ths; Ejy; jpyfk; ,og;gj;

ik ,Uk; $e;jy; nea; mzp kwf;ff;

ifaW neQ;rj;Jf; fz;zfp md;wpAk; -
  
(rpyk;G. me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;G 4757)

vdr; nrhw;rpj;jpuk; jPl;bf; fhl;LthH ,sq;Nfh mbfs;. ,e;jpuhtpohit mLj;J fz;zfp nfl;l fdhf; fhz;fpwhs;. mjidj; jdJ Njhop Njte;jpf;Ff; $Wfpwhs;. mts; fz;zfpf;Fj; NjWjy; $Wfpwhs;.   

fhtpup flnyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; kyUfpd;w nea;jy; epy mofpa flw;fiur; Nrhiyapy; ,uz;L jlhfq;fs; cs;sd. mit Nrh Fz;lk;> R+upa Fz;lk; vd miof;fg; ngWk;. mg; ngha;iffspy; %o;fp kd;kjd; Nfhapy; nrd;W njhOjhy; fztnuhL kfpo;thf ,Ug;gH kfspH. ehk; xU ehs; mq;FNgha; mg; ngha;iffspy; ePuhLNthk; vd;W $Wths;.

,jidf; Nfl;l fz;zfp ,uz;Nl ,uz;L nrhw;fspy; jdJ Njhopf;Fg; gjpy; ,Wf;fpwhs;. mg;gbf; fhkd; Nfhtpy; nrd;W topgLtJ vdf;F ""gPL md;W"" vd;gJ mtsJ gjpy;.

rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpd;gpd; fp.gp. 7 my;yJ 8k; Ehw;whz;by; Njhd;wpa ngUq;fijapy; jPtyk; tUjy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> muprp Jhty;> gpuhkzH Mrp> mUe;jjp fhl;ly; Mfpait ,lk; ngWfpwJ.

,jid mLj;J fp.gp. 9Mk; Ehw;whz;bdjhd R+shkzpapy; ngz;zpd; je;ij jhiu thHj;jy; (fd;dpfhjhdk;) jPtyk; nra;jy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> mUe;jjp fhl;ly; Mfpait $wg;gLfpwJ. jhiuthHj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; ,jpNyjhd; Kjd;Kiwahfg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ.

rpe;jhkzpapYk; kzkfs; ePuhl;L> fy;gjpj;j NjhL ePf;fy;> fhg;G mzptpj;jy;> khiy R+l;ly;> ngz;zpd; je;ij ePH ml;bf; nfhLj;jy; Mfpait ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

Mjpapy; ,y;iy ghjpapy; te;jJ

vdNt itjPf jpUkzq;fs; Mjpapy; ,y;yhJ ghjpapy; te;jit. mit jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;F vjpuhdit. nre;jkpio  xJf;fp  capuw;w  tlnrhy; $r;rYf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLg;git. fd;dpfhjhdk; ngz; mbikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghHg;gdHfspd; gof;f tof;fq;fs;> ehfupfk; ,itfisr; rpj;jupf;f vOjg;gl;l Guhzq;fs; mj;jidAk; fl;Lf;fijfNs. ,jid Ehw;iwk;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tlYhH ts;syhH ciwg;ghfr; nrhy;ypg; Nghe;Js;shH.

""cyfpay; rd;khHf;f Kiwg;gb jpUkzk;> G+g;G ed;dPuhl;ly; Kjypa tpohf;fspy;> ,Ul;rhjp jj;Jtr; rhj;jpuf; Fg;igfis vy;yhk; js;sp> fz;%b tof;fq;fisvy;yhk; kz;%bg; Nghftpl;L> xOf;fKk; mwpTKs;s ngupahH xUtiu Kd;djhff; nfhz;L> mtH Kd;dpiyapy; gjp tpsf;F> Fltpsf;F Kjypa jpUtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp Rkq;fpypg; ngz;fshy; vy;yhr; flq;FfisAk; nra;tpj;J> Mz;ltiu topghL nra;J> jhyp fl;Ljy;-ed;dPuhl;Ljy; Kjypa tpohf;fisr; nra;tpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rhjp> rka Ngjq;fs; xd;Wk; ghuhl;lyhfhJ.""

jkpoHfspd; tho;tpaypy; mq;fpq;nfd;dhjgb vq;Fk; jkpo;nkhopAk; jkpo;g; gz;ghLk; NfhNyhr;r Ntz;Lk;.  

Myaq;fspy; jkpo; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gUk;> Re;;juUk;> MSilg; gps;isahUk;>mUkzpthrfUk; ghba Njthu jpUthrfq;fs; mHr;rid ke;jpuq;fshf Kof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ''nra;a jkpo; khiyfs;> ehk; njspa Xjpj; njspahj kiw epyq;fs; njspjy; Ntz;Lk;.'' 

jkpoH jpUkzq;fspy; tz;zj; jkpo; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoH jpUkzq;fs; jkpo;kuGj; jpUkzq;fshfj; jpfsNtz;Lk;. 

jkpoHfsJ ,ir jkpopirahfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.  ,ir Nkilfspy; ige;jkpopNyNa jkpo;f; fiyQHfs; ghl Ntz;Lk;.  

jkpoHfsJ ngaHfs; nre;jkpopy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; cwT Kiwfis tz;lkpopy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. 

ts;StH nra; jpUf;FwNs jkpoHfsJ nghJ kiwahf  ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt jkpoHfsJ tho;f;iff;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. 

ngupahH> mz;zh> ghujp> ghujpjhrd; ,tHfsJ fdT ,d;W jkpoPoj;jpy; edthfpf; nfhz;bUf;fwJ. me;jf; fdT KOjhff; ifg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. rq;f fhyk; kPz;Lk; tuNtz;Lk;. tq;ff; flypy; Nrhodpd; Gypf; nfhb ePf;fkw kPz;Lk; gl;nlhsp tPrpg; gwf;f Ntz;Lk;. 

        thopa nre;jkpo; ! tho;few; wkpoH !
        thopa jkpoPo kzpj;jpU ehL !

 


10. jkpNo capNu tzf;fk;! 

jkpo;ehl;by; jkpo;nkhopapy;  fy;tp> jkpo;nkhopapy; topghL> jkpopnkhopapy; ,ir ,tw;wpw;F ngupa Nghuhl;lNk elhj;j Ntz;bAs;s mtyk; ,d;Wk; njhlHfijahfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpofj;ij  1967k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; ,e;jp vjpHg;ig Kjyhf itj;J Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j jpuhtplf; fl;rpfs; khwp khwp Mz;L te;jhYk; ""vq;Fk; jkpo; vjpYk; jkpo;"" vd;gJ ,d;Dk; njhiythdj;jpy; njupAk; thdtpy;ypd; tHz [hyq;fshfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.  

jkpo;ehl;by; ,ir muq;Ffspy; jkpopirNa xypf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nghuhl;lk; njhlq;fp ,d;iwf;F miuEhw;whz;Lf;F Nkyhfptpl;lJ. ,Ue;Jk; Ntw;Wnkhopfspd; Mjpf;fk;> Fwpg;ghf njYq;F nkhop Mjpf;fk; Fiwe;jghlhf ,y;iy. 

,t;tstpw;Fk; ,irj; jkpo; Kj;jkpopy; xU $whfg; ghuhl;lg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,iwtidNa Vopiraha;> ,irg;gadha; fz;L fspj;Jg; Nghw;wpatHfs; ehSk; jkpo; tsHj;j ehad;khHfs;. jkpo;kf;fspd; tho;NthL ,ir ,uz;lwf; fye;jpUe;jikia jkpo;nkhopapy; ,d;wpUf;Fk; kpfg; gioa ,yf;fz Ehyhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspypUe;Jk; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,irf;F ,yf;fz Ehy;fs; ,Ue;jij- 

    msgpwe; JapHj;jYk; xw;wpif ePlYk;
    csntd nkhopg ,isnahL rptzpa

    euk;gpd; kiwa vd;kdhH GytH..
 

vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa R+j;jp;uj;jpdhy; mwpayhk;. ",aw;wkpopy; capH vOj;Jk; xw;nwOj;Jk; xypf;Fk; epiy NtW> mt;ntOj;Jf;fs;  ,irj;jpopy; xypf;Fk; xypepiyNtW> mjid mt;tpir Ehy;fspy; fz;Lnfhs;f"" vd;fpwhH njhy;fhg;gpaH. "kiw" vd;why; Ehy; vd;W nghUs;. njhy;fhg;gpaH tz;zk; ,UgJ tif vd;ghH. ""tz;zk;  vd;gJ re;j NtWghL"" vd;ghH NguhrpupaH. ,JNghyNt rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,irr; gz;fs;> ,irf;fUtpfs;> ,irf; fiyQHfs; gw;wpa Vuhskhd nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. 

jkpoH Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; FwpQ;rpg;gz;> Ky;iyg;gz;> kUjg;gz;> nea;jw;gz;> ghiyg;gz; fz;ldH. mNjNghy; me;j Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; mNj ngaupy; Itif ahioAk;> njhz;lfg;giw (FwpQ;rp)> VWNfhl;giw(Ky;iy)> kzKoT (kUjk;) kPd;Nfhl;giw (nea;jy;)> epiuNfhl;giw (ghiy) vd Itifg; giwiaAk; fz;ldH.  

gz;Zk; giwAk; fz;lNjhL epy;yhky; ,d;d gz; ,d;d nghOJ ghlj;jf;fJ vd ,yf;fzKk; tFj;jdH. ahkk; FwpQ;rpg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. khiy Ky;iy rhjhupg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. tpbfhiy kUjg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. ez;gfy; ghiyf;F cupaJ.  

vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;whd GwdhEhw;wpy; ts;sy;fspy; xUtdhd es;sp ms;spf;nfhLj;j gupRfspd; kaf;fj;jhy; ghzH fhiyapy;  ghLk; kUjg; gz;iz khiyapYk;> khiyapy; ghLk; nrt;topg; gz;iz fhiyapYk; Kiwkhwpg; ghLfpwhHfshk;. td;guzH ghba me;jg; ghly; ,J. 

    es;sp thopNah es;sp ed;nsd;
    khiy kUjk; gz;zpf; fhiyf;

    iftop kUq;fpy; nrt;top gz;zp
    tuntkH kwe;jdH mJeP

    GuTf;fld; G+z;l tz;ik aNd! 
     (Gwk; 149) 

jkpopy; vOe;j ,irEhy;fs; gy ,we;Jgl;ld. gupghly; (Kjw;rq;fk;)> KJehiu> KJFUF> fsupahtpid> ntz;lhsp> tpahokhiy Nghd;w ,ir Ehy;fs; ,d;W ,y;iy. ,oe;j ,e;j ,ir ,yf;fz Ehy;fis   rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F ciunaOjpa mbahHf;F ey;yhH gl;bay; ,l;Lf; fhl;btpl;L jk; fhyj;J ,Ue;j rpfz;b> ,irEZf;fk;> ,e;jpufhspak; Kjyhd ,irEhy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Ntjid vd;dntd;why; ,tw;iwAk; ,g;NghJ ,oe;Jtpl;Nlhk;! ek; Kd;NdhHfs; mspj;j nry;tq;fis ghJfhf;fj; njupahJ ePUf;Fk; neUg;Gf;Fk; fhyk;NjhWk; ,oe;JtpLtJ jkpopdj;jpd; rhgf;Nflhf ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.  

jkpo;ehl;L ,ir Nkilfspy; Ntw;W nkhopapy; ghLtJ vd;w tpahjp kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH fhyj;jpypUe;Nj tUfpwJ. "ehDk; ghHj;Jf;nfhz;Nl tUfpNwd;> ghl;Lf; fr;Nrup njhlq;FfpwJ> tpj;Jthd;  "thjhgp fzgjpk; vd;W Muk;gk; nra;fpwhH."uhkeP ]khd nktU" "kupahj fhJuh". "tuK nyh]hfp" .......  IiaNah IiaNah xNu fij. 

ve;j [py;yhTf;Fg; Ngh> ve;j fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; Ngh. ve;j "tpj;Jthd;" te;jhYk; ,Nj fijjhd;. jkpo;ehl;L [dq;fSf;F ,Uk;Gf;fhjhf ,Ug;gjhy;  jpUk;gj; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ,e;j Vnol;Lg; ghl;Lf;fis tU\f;fzf;fhff; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. Njhw;fhJ cs;s Njrq;fspNy ,e;j Jd;gj;ijg; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhHfs;."" ,J ghujpahH RkhH vOgj;ije;J Mz;LfSf;F Kd; RNjrkpj;jpudpy; vOjpa fl;Liuapd; xU gFjp. KOf;fl;LiuiaAk;  gbj;jhy; kl;LNk ghujpahH fhyj;jpy; jkpopir ,Ue;J Nfhyk; ,y;iy myq;Nfhyk; njupAk;. 

jkpopy; ,irapy;iy> ,irnad;why; mJ njYq;F ,irjhd; vd;w khia ntF fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. 

Mdhy; ,w;iwf;F ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH> jkpoupd; nghw;fhyk; vd tHzpf;fg;gLk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpopy; jkpopir nts;skhfg; gutpg; gha;e;NjhbapUe;jpUf;fpwJ. fypg;ghTk; mjd; cWg;Gfshfpa juT> jhopir> Rupjk;> tz;zfk;> mk;Nghjuq;fk; Nghd;w  ,irg;ghf;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghy; gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. xt;nthU ghl;bd; epiwtpYk; Jiw> tz;zk;> Jhf;F> ngaH vd;Dk; ehd;F Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; KOJk; gOjw;w xU Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak;.  mjpy; fhzg;gLk; ,irEl;gq;fisAk; ,irf;fUtpfisAk; njd;jkpoPoj;jpd; kPd;ghLk; NjdhL ngw;nwLj;j tpGyhde;j mbfs; jhk; vOjpa "aho;Ehy; vd;w ,irj;jkpo;  Ehy;"" (1947) thapyhf ntspf; nfhzHe;J jkpopirf;F mUk;ngUk; njhz;lhw;wpAs;shH.