jkpoH jpUkzk;
ef;fPud;
7. rq;f fhyj; jpUkzk;
jkpopdk;
njhd;ik tha;e;j ,dk;. jkpo;nkhop ,d;W capHj; Jbg;NghLs;s cyf nkhopfspy;> kpfg; goikahd nkhopfspy;
jkpo;nkhopAk; xd;W. jkpo;; nkhopf;F ,Uf;Fk; ,yf;fpa tsk; Vida nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fistplr; rpwe;jJ.
caHthdJ. ,e;jpaUs; jkpoH nkhopahYk;> ehfupfj;jpdhYk; rpwe;jtH vd;gJ nkhop Muha;r;rpahYk;>
mfo;thuha;r;rpahYk; epWtg;gl;l cz;ikfshFk;.
fy;tpapy; rpwe;j jkpo;ehL -Gfo;f;
fk;gd;
gpwe;j jkpo;ehL ...
ts;Std; jd;id
cyfpdpf;Nf -je;J
thd;Gfo;
nfhz;l jkpo;ehL- neQ;ir
as;Sk;
rpyg;gjpfhu nkd;NwhH- kzp
ahuk; gilj;j jkpo;ehL
vd;W kfhftp ghujpahH Nghw;wpg; ghLthH.
Mdhy; mtNu jd; fhyj;Jj;
jkpoHfs; jq;fs; gok; ngUikiaAk; GfioAk; njupahJ ehkkJ jkpouha; ,Ug;gijapl;Lf;
foptpuf;fg;gLthH.
Nrud; jk;gp
rpyk;ig ,irj;jJk;
nja;t ts;Std; thd;kiw fz;lJk;
ghupy; ey;ypirg; ghz;ba NrhoHfs;
ghuspj;jJk;> jHkk; tsHj;jJk;
Kd;dH ehL jpfo;e;j ngUikAk;
%z;bUf;Fkpe; ehspd; ,fo;r;rpAk;
md;d ahTk; mwpe;jpyH ghujj;
jhq;fpyk;gapy; gs;spAl; NghFeH!
xt;nthU ,dj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU fhyk;
nghw;fhykhfj; jpfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpopdj;ijg; nghWj;jstpy; rq;ffhyNk jkpouJ nghw;fhykhFk;. ghujpahH
thHj;ijapy; $wNtz;Lk; vd;why; cz;ik ,J ntWk;Gfo;r;rp ,y;iy.
KbAil Nte;jHfs; %tUk; nfhw;wk; itj;J
rPNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk;> NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;> mwj;NjhLk; kwj;NjhLk; ghuhz;l fhyk; mJ.
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fshd vl;Lj; njhif>
gj;Jg;ghl;L> gjpnzd;fPo;f;fzf;F Ehy;fs; jkpoupd; xg;gw;w ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;F rhd;W gfUtd.
fs;isAk; jPiaAk; NrHj;J- ey;y
fhw;iwAk; thdntspiaAk; NrHj;Jj; njs;S jkpo;g; GyNthH nra;j jPQ;Ritf; fhtpaq;fshd Ik;ngUk;
fhg;gpaq;fs; jkpo; md;idapd; Gfio jpf;nfl;Lk;kzk;tPrpg; gug;gpd.
fhypy; rpyk;G> ,ilapy; Nkfiy> fhjpy;
Fz;lyk;> ifapy; tis> khHgpy; rpe;jhkzp mtspd; ,aw;if moFf;F moF NrHj;jd.
jkpoupd; nkhop NtW> fiy NtW>
tho;f;if Kiw NtW. jkpou; Mupaupd; ( tlnkhopahsupd;) epd;W Kw;wpYk; NtW gl;ltH vd;gJ Muha;r;rpahy;
Nghe;j cz;ik. gz;ilr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,jw;F rhd;W gfUfpd;wd.
,ilf;fhyj;jpy; jkpo;kuGf;F khwhd
tho;f;ifKiw jkpouplk; GFe;J tpl;lJ. jkpoupd; gof;f tof;fq;fs; khwpd. kzKiw khwptpl;lJ. gpw
rlq;Ffs; ngUfpd. ,tw;wpd; gadhf ,d;Ws;s jkpoH ehkkJ jkpouhf ,Uf;fpd;whNu jtpu nka;j; jkpouhf
-rq;ffhy jkpoHjk; topj;Njhd;wyhf ,y;iy. ,jid ehk; xj;Jf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk;.
ehk; jha;nkhopiag; Nghw;whJ
tpl;Nlhk;. jkpo;f; fiyia tsHf;fhJ tpl;Nlhk;. jkpopdj;jpd; kuigf; fhthJ tpl;Nlhk;. tlnkhopf;F
mbikahNdhk;. vdNtjhd; tPo;r;rpAw;w jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;> tpirnahbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik
Ntz;Lk;> R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ij nghwhikjd;idj; njhifahf vjpH epWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk; fho;r; rpe;ij
kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; Koq;FthH.
tPo;r;rpAw;w
jkpofj;jpy; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp Ntz;Lk;!
tpir xbe;j Njfj;jpy; td;ik Ntz;Lk;!
R+o;r;rpjid tQ;rfj;ijg; nghwhik jd;idj;
njhifahf vjpHepWj;jpj; Jhs; Jhshf;Fk;
fho;r;rpe;ij> kwr; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntz;Lk;!
fly;Nghy; nre;jkpiog; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;!
fPo;r; nray;fs; tpl Ntz;Lk;! ,uhtzd;jd;
fPHj;jp nrhy;yp mtd; ehkk; tho;j;j Ntz;Lk;!
ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd; Miria ,d;W
jkpoPok;jhd; nray;gLj;jp epiwT nra;J tUfpwJ. jkpofk; ghujp> ghujpjhrd; fhyj;jpNyNa ,d;Wk;
,Uf;fpwJ.
,d;iwa jkpoupd; kzKiw gz;ilj; jkpoH
kuGf;F Kw;Wk; khwhdhjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jidj; jkpo; ,yf;fpar; rhd;W nfhz;L fhl;lyhk;.
md;iwa jkpoUila jpUkzk; vspikahf
epfo;e;jJ. mjpy; rlq;Ffs; vJTk; ,y;iy. vupNahk;Gjy; ,y;iy. jPtyk; tUjy; ,y;iy.
mUe;jjp ghHj;jy; ,y;iy. GNuhfpjH ,y;iy.
mfehEhW vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;W.
mjpy; cs;s 400 ghly;fs; ntt;NtW fhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW GytHfshy; ghlg;gl;lit. ,jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L
ghly;fs; goe;jkpoupd; jpUkzKiwia tHzpf;fpd;wd.
mtw;Ws; ghly; 86 ey;yhT+H fpohH vd;w
nre;jkpo;g; GytH ghba ghly;. kzkfd; jdf;F Kd;G epfo;e;;j
jpUkzj;ijf; $Wtjhfg; ghlg;ngw;wjhFk;. ,jdpy; $wg; ngWk; jpUkzKiwiaf; fhz;Nghk;.
fidapUs; mfd;w - G+Htgf;fj;ijAila fhiy.
nfhLk; Gwk; - ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G.
rJHj;jpaiw - ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw.
kij,a Nehf;F - nrUf;fpd ghHit
"vq;fs;
jpUkzehsd;W cOe;jk; gUg;Gld; $l;br; rikj;j> gf;Ftkhff; Fioe;j nghq;fNyhL> kiyNghy; Ftpe;j
ngUQ; Nrhw;wpid cz;gtHfs; $l;lk; epiwe;jpUe;jJ.
tupirahf fhy;fis el;Lf; FspHe;j kzg;
ge;jy; KOJk; ntspapypUe;J nfhz;Lte;j ntz;kzy; gug;gg; gl;bUe;jJ.
kidapy; tpsf;F Vw;wp
kyH khiyfis ge;jy; KOJk; neUf;fkhfj;
njhq;f tpl;L kpfmofhf myq;fupj;Js;shHfs;. jpUkz tPl;by;
kidtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp itj;J xspngwr; nra;Js;shHfs;.
GfopidAila jpq;fSld; $ba cNuhfpzp
ed;dhs; Fw;wkw;wJk; tho;tpw;F ey;yJ gaf;Fk; mlHe;j ,Us; ePq;fp> tpbay; njhlq;Fk; tdg;G kpF
Neuj;jpy; jpUkz tpoh njhlq;FfpwJ.
jiyapy; ed;ePHf; Flj;jpidj;
jhq;fpAk;> ifapy; mfd;w ghj;jpuj;ij Ve;jpf; nfhz;Lk;> jpUkzj;ij nra;J itf;Fk;> fyfyg;Gld; $ba Kjpa
kq;fy tho;turpaH ePHf; Flq;fis Kd;NdAk; gpd;NdAk; KiwKiwahfj; je;jpl kzkfis ed; ePuhl;bdH.
ey;y kf;fisg; ngw;W mb tapw;wpy; tup
tupahfj; jOk;Gfs; nfhz;l kzptapW tha;e;j kq;fy kfspH ehy;tH Jha MilfisAk; mzpfisAk; mzpe;J $bepd;w
kzkfsplk; 'cd;id mile;j fztid tpUk;gpf; $bf; "fw;G newpapd;Wk; jtwhky; ey;ywq;fisr; nra;J> fztd;
tpUk;gj;jf;f kidtpahhf mtid tho;ehs; KOJk; ed;F Ngzpf; fhj;J thOk; vz;zj;ijf; iff; nfhz;L
tho;thahf!"
vd;W
ePUld; FspHe;j ,jo;fs; cs;s G+f;fisAk; Gjpa ney;iyAk; Jhtp tho;j;jpajhy; kzkspd;
mlHj;jpahd fupa $e;jypy; mit Njhw;wkspf;f> jpUkzk; ,dpNj epfo;fpwJ.
mjd;gpd;
MHtj;JlDk;> Muthuj;JlDk; R+o;e;j cwtpdH
',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kidf; fpoj;jp
Mfptpl;lha;'
vd;W Nfyp Ngrp kzkfSf;F NfhbALj;jp nky;ypa myq;fhuq;fisr; nra;J> tdg;Gld; $ba KjypuT miwf;Fs; cld;
$ba GzHr;rpf;Fupa md;wpuNt mtis mDg;gp itj;jdH. mt;tiwf;Fs; EioAk; kzkfs; cLj;jpa Gjpa Glitf;Fs;
jd;id xLf;fpf; nfhz;L> jd; ,dpa fztd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; Nehf;fpr; nry;fpd;whs;.
mg;NghJ mts; Gj;jhilapy; xLq;fp
Kfk; Gijj;Jf; fple;jhs;. mtisj; jOTk; tpUg;gj;NjhL Kfj;ij
%ba Jzpiar; rw;Nw tpyf;f mts; mjw;F mQ;rp ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;. eLq;fp xLq;fpdhs;. "Vd; gae;jid> cd; kdjpy; cs;sij
cs;sthW vd;dplk; $W'
vd tpdhtpNdd;.
mg;NghJ khidg;Nghy; klik nfhz;ltSk;>
nrUf;fpidAila Nehf;fpidAilatSk;> FspHe;j $e;jiyAilatSk;> khepwj;jpid cilatSkhfpa kzkfs;> mfk;
kyHe;j kfpo;r;rpasha; Kfk; jho;j;jp vd; fhjyp nkype;j kly; nfhz;l fhjpy; mzpe;jpUe;j rpte;j kzpfs;
gjpj;j mofpa Fiofs; mira tpiue;J te;J jdf;Fupatid tzq;fpdhs;. Mjyhy;
mts; vf;fhyj;Jk; vd;ghy; md;Gilats;. mjid eP mwpaha;""
vd;W Njhopaplk; $wpdhd;.
(gjTiu)
cOe;J
-
gUg;G
fspkpjit
- FiojiyAila Fk;khak;
Nfhs;
-
mRg fpufq;fs;
fhy;
-
,lk;> rflk;
jpq;fisAila ehs;
- jpUkz ehs;
nghJ
- jpUkzk;. vy;yhUk; GFjw;F
Nahf;fpa khjyhy; mjidr; nra;fpw Muthj;jpidAila nrt;tpg; ngz;bH
Kd;dTk;
gpd;dTk;
- Kw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; gpw;glf; nfhLg;gdTk; Kiw Kiwahff; nfhLf;f
Gjy;tH
gae;j -
gps;isfisg; ngw;w kfspH
myup
- G+
tJik ed;kzk; -
tJitj; jpUkzk;
Xupy; - rJHj;jpaiw
cld;GzHjy; -
$lg;GzHfpw
neQ;rk; epide;jJ vQ;rhJiu
-
kiwahJiu
nfhLk;Gwk; - ehzj;jhy; tise;j clk;G
rJHj;jpaiw
- ehd;fhk; ehs; gs;spaiw
rq;ffhyj; jkpouJ jpUkz newpia
ghlypy; glk;gpbj;J itj;j GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH mtHfSf;F ehk; ed;wp nrhy;yf; flikg; gl;Ls;Nshk;. mtuJ
nrhy;Nyhtpaj;ijg; gbf;Fk;NghJ vkJ Kd;NdhuJ ehfupfr; rpwg;ig> gFj;jwpit vz;zp kdk; G+upg;gilfpwJ.
GytH ey;yhT+H fpohH fhjyhy;
gpizf;fg;gl;l jiytd; - jiytpaJ Kjy; ,uit vg;gb kpf ehfuPfkhf> kpf espdkhf jiytd; $w;whfr; vLj;Jr;
nrhy;fpwhH vd;gJk; vz;zp kfpoj;jf;fJ.
,e;j mfg;ghly; GzHjiyf; Fwpg;gjhy;
Kjypy; nrhd;d kUjj; jpizf;F cupa cupg;nghUshFk;.
tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; Nghlg;gLk; jpUkzg;
ge;jypy; ntz;kzy; gug;GtJ> G+r;ruk; fl;LtJ ,d;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUtJ vz;zp
tpaf;fj; jf;fJ.
kfkfis tho;j;Jk; NghJ
',d;W Kjy; ePAk; ngupa kdf;fpoj;jp Mfptpl;lha;" ('Ngupy; fpoj;jp MFvdj;')
,jpy; tUk; ngupa
kdf;fpoj;jp vd;w nrhy;yhl;rpia ,d;Wk; 'ngupa gps;isahfp tpl;lhs;' vd;W ngz; G+g;nga;Jk; NghJ
nrhy;Yk; tof;fpy; fhzyhk;.
mfehDhw;wpd;
kw;iwa ghliyAk; ,g;NghJ ghHg;Nghk;. ,e;jg; ghliyg; ghbatH tpw;Whw;W %nja;apdhH
vd;w rq;fg; GytH. ,jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; kzr; nra;jpAk; kzkfd; nrhy;tjhfNt Gidag;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jd; nghopg;Giu gpd;tUkhW.
nrk;kwpahl;bd; gpd; re;jpid Mf;fpa fwpnahL nea;ahsha ntspa Nrhw;wpid ,t;tstpdnjd;W $wg;glhj
tz;ikAlNd Md;Nwhiu tpUk;gpaspj;J tz;Lfs; te;J $b ,dpa ,irnaOg;g mofpa ,lkfd;w Mfhak; tpsf;fkilaj;
jpq;fs; cNuhfpzpapw; NrHjyhy; njspe;j xspAila Fw;we;jPUq; $LjYila ehspNyfhtiyAila khspifia
myq;fupj;J topgL flTis tzq;fp khHr;ridaike;j FlKoTk;>
kj;jsKk; gUj;j gythr;rpaKk; xypg;g
tJit epkpj;jkhf myq;fupf;fg; ngw;w jhjHfs; tpUg;Gw;Wg; G+g;NghYk; fz;fs; ,ikahky; Nehf;fp xJq;f>
nky;ypa G+itAila mWfk; Gy;ypd; xypf;Fk; ,bf; FuYila
Nkfj;jpd; Kjw; ngay; nga;J tpl;lTld; Kisj;J tsHe;j file;j ePykzpad;d ngupa ,jo;fis cila ghit Nghd;w G+tpdJ FspHe;j ewpa
mUk;GfSlNd Nru nts;spa Ehyhw; fl;bajidr; R+l;b Jha Milia cLj;jp nghUe;Jjy; tu neUq;fp te;J ntspNa
Nkfj;ijg; gug;gpdhy; xj;j kzy; gug;gpa ge;jupd; fz;Nz fyd;fis neUq;f mzpe;j rpwg;gpdhy; cz;lhFk;
tpaHitiag; Nghf;fp ,tis Nehf;fp ntWg;nghope;j fw;gpidAila
vkJ capUld; nghUe;jpa ngz;Nz!
tisahj Gjpa Mil KOtijAk; cLj;jpf;
nfhz;L ngupa GOf;fj;ijAw;w epd; gpiw Nghd;w new;wpapd; fl;Nlhd;wpa tpaHg;ig kpf;f fhw;wpdhy;
Mw;wNtz;br; rpwpJ nghOJ jpwg;ghahf> vd;w MirAw;w neQ;RlNd ,ts; NghHj;jpUe;j NghHitia ehd;
thq;Ftjhy; clNd ciwapd;W fopj;j thisg;Nghyf; fz; kUz;L ,ikg;g mjid kiwf;Fk; jpwj;ij mwpahsha;
tpUg;g kpFj;Jg; gUj;J vjpH vjpH gpizj;j Mk;gypd; mofpa
khiyia ePf;fp> xypf;fpd;w mofpa kyiur; R+ba ngupa gythfpa $e;jiyAilats; ,Uspd; fz;Nz xJq;fp xspj;J
epd;W nky;y ehzKw;Wj; jiy ftpo;e;J epd;wts;> ,g;NghJ Clh epd;wds; fhz;.
(gjTiu)
ikg;Gwg;
GOf;fpd;
- fUfg;GOf;fpd Jha nea;
g&g;giz-
ngupa KuR xypf;f
rflk;
- cNuhfpzp
KoT
- kj;jsk;
gak;G
- Fop
mkYjy;-
neUq;Fjy;
tpJg;G
- Mir
Nktu-
nghUe;Jjy; tu
Jtd;wp
- neUq;fp
gLtp- tpsp
KUq;fh-
tisahj
cUT-
fz;zpd; tbT
xa;nad
- nky;y
njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ciunra;j eHr;rpdhHf;fpdpaH mfehEhW 86k; ghliyAk;> 136k;ghliyAk; -
fw;G vdg;gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf;
nfhsw;Fup kugpd; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf;
nfhilf;Fup kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNk
ngha;Ak; tOTk; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH
IaH ahj;jdH fuzk; vd;g
vd;Dk; fw;gpay; R+j;jpuq;fSf;F
vLj;Jf; fhl;lhff; fhl;bAs;shH. fhl;b -",jDs; tJitf;F Vw;w fuzq;fs; epfo;e;jthWk; jkH nfhLj;jthWk;
fhz;f. Rw;wk; R+o;e;J epd;wJ. jkH mwpa kztiwia kzkf;fs; NrHe;jdH" vdf; $wpAs;shH.
Kd;dH $wpathW
,e;j ,uz;L rq;f fhyj; jpUkzq;fspYk; ,d;iwa jpUkzq;fspy; cs;s -
(1) nghUs;
Gupahj tl nkhop ke;jpuq;fs; ,y;iy.
(2) GNuhfpjH
,y;iy.
(3) vup
Xk;gy; ,y;iy.
(4) jPtyk;
,y;iy.
(5) mk;kp
kpjpj;jy; ,y;iy.
(6) mUe;jjp
fhl;ly; ,y;iy.
(7)
Nfhj;jpuk; $wy; Kjypad ,y;iy.
,t;tpU
jpUkzq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wkplj;Jf; fhyk; nrd;w rupj;jpug; NguhrpupaH jpU. gp.b.rPdpthr ma;aq;fhH
mtHfs; " ,g;gz;ilj; jpUkz
epfo;r;rpfspy; vuptsHj;jy; ,y;iy> jPtyk; ,y;iy> ,J Kw;Wk; jkpoHf;Nf cupa jpUkzk;>""
vdf;Fwpj;jpUj;jy; kfpoj;jf;fJ.
fhjypd; gy;NtW
czHr;rpfis cupg;nghUshf itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;wpw;Fg;
gpd;dzpahf ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfisAk;> epytiffisAk;> fhyq;fisAk;; mikj;J fhyj;ij ntd;W epw;Fk;
,yf;fpaq;fis rq;fg; GytHfs; gilj;Js;shHfs;. Kjw; nghUs; ,y;yhkYk;> fUg;nghUs; ,y;yhkYk; ghly;fs;
,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; cupg;nghUs; ,y;yhJ ghly;fs; ,y;iy.
cs;Siw ctkk; vd;w cj;jpia rq;fg;
GytHfs; ifahz;Ls;shHfs;. tHzid ,aw;iff; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;> Mdhy; mbg;gilapy; mJ jiytd; - jiytp
,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; cwitj;jhd; kiwKfkhf tHzpf;Fk;.
rq;f ,yf;fpak;
cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fNshL xg;gpl;L 'xg;Gikapy;yhjJ" vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpupj;jhdpa
fiyf;fsQ;rpak;
(Encyclopaedia of Britannica)
jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsk; epiwe;j nkhop vd;W Gfo;e;J NgRfpwJ.
“In the Tamil sangam
Literature, the poems are classified by theme into ‘akam’ and ‘puram’. Both the akam and the puram
had well defined genres called ‘thinais’ that paralleled one another, the same poets, for example
Paranar and Kapilar wrote great poems in both genres. Each landscape a repertoire of images
anything in it may evokes a special feeling. The natural scene implicitly evokes the human scene.
For example bee-making honey out of Kurinji flowers evokes the love of union. Not only is the
poet’s language Tamil, but the landscapes, the personae and the appropriate moods and situations
formulate the realities of the Tamil world into a code of symbols. For some five or six
generations, the Sangam poets spoke this common language of symbols creating a body of lyrical
poetry probably unequalled in passion, maturity and delicacy by anything in any Indian
literature.”
8. jpUkz cwTKiw
rq;ffhyj;
jpUkzq;fs; je;ij topapYk;> jha; topapYk; eilngw;wJ. khkd;
- khkp kfis kzf;Fk; tof;fk; neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. jkpo; ehl;by; khkd;-khkp tof;NfhL jha;
khkid kzf;Fk; tof;fKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. khkd;> khkp vd;w nrhw;fs;
,sq;Nfh mbfshYk;> gy;yt kd;dH fhyj;J Mz;lhshYk;> ehad;khHfshYk;> ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jpUehTf;furH
"mg;gd;eP mk;ikeP IaDk;eP> md;Gila khkDk;eP khkpAk;eP> xg;Gila khjUk;
xz;nghUSk; eP" vdg; ghLfpwhH.
rq;f fhyj;jpYk;
,k;kuG ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpaKk; rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; Neupilahf ,e;j cwTKiwgw;wpf; $wtpy;iy.
FWe;njhifapy; cs;s ghlnyhd;W je;ij> jha; cwTilahNu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sy;tof;fk; vd;gij
vjpHkiwapy; rhd;W gfUfpwJ. me;j ,dpa ghly; ,J.
ahAk; QhAk; ahuh fpaNuh!
ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiw NfspH!
ahDk; ePAk; vt;top mwpJk;!
nrk;Gyg; ngay;ePH Nghy
md;Gil neQ;rk; jhk; fye;jdNt
vd; jhAk; cd;jhAk; ahH ahNuh?
vd; je;ijAk; epd; je;ijAk; vt;toppapy; cwTilahH?
ehDk; ePAk; ,g;nghOJ fz;L fhuyhdjd;wp
NtW vt;topapy; Kd;dH mwpe;Js;Nshk;?
MapDk; ehk; fz;l mstpNy ekJ neQ;rq;fs;
nrk;kz; epyj;jpy; nga;j kioePH
mk;kz;zpd; epwj;JlDk; kzj;JlDk;
gpupf;f KbahjthW fe;J tpLtJ Nghd;W
,uz;lwf; fye;J xd;whfNt Mfptpl;ld td;Nwh!
ahAk;
- vd;Dila jhAk;
QhAk; - cd;Dila jhAk;
ahH MfpaH - ve;j tifapy; cwtpdH MthH?
ve;ijAk;
- vd;Dila je;ijAk;
Ee;ijAk; - cd;Dila je;ijAk;
vk; Kiw NfspH
- ve;j KiwapNy cwtpdH?
ahDk; ePAk;
- ,g;nghOJ xd;W NrHe;jpUf;Fk; ehDk; ePAk;
vt;top mwpJk; -
,jw;F Kd;dH ve;j ,lj;jpy; ghHj;Jg; gofp mwpe;jpUf;fpNwhk;?
nrk;Gyk;
- nrk;ghL
(nrk;kz; G+kp)
ngay;ePH Nghy
- nga;j kioj; jz;zPiug; Nghy
md;G cil neQ;rk;
- md;Gs;s ekJ
cs;sk;
jhk; fye;jdNt - jhkhf xd;NwhL xd;W fye;J tpl;ld.
,e;jg; ghliyg; ghba GytH ngaH
nrk;Gyg; ngay; ePuhH. ,J mtuJ ,aw;ngauy;y. fhuzg; ngaH. ghl;nlOjpa GytuJ ,aw;ngaH njupahjtplj;J
mtH ghba ghlypy; tUfpw ghl;bd; mb> ngUk;ghYk; ctik xd;wpdhy;> mtH miof;fg;gLtJ kuG.
jiytDk; jiytpAk; re;jpj;Jf; $ba
gpd;dH> ,td; jk;ikg; gpupthNdh vd;W vz;zp Vq;Ffpwhs; jiytp. mts; cs;sf; Fwpg;ig czHe;j jiytd;
mtSf;F "nre;epyj;jpNy nga;j kioj; jz;zPH vg;gb mjNdhL fye;J tpl;lNjh me;jj; jz;zPiug; Nghy md;G
epiwe;j ek; cs;sq;fs; ,uz;Lk; jhkhfNt fye;J tpl;ld. Mjyhy; ,dpg; gpupa khl;Nlhk;" vd cWjp nkhop
gfHfpwhd;. jpiztifahy; ,J FwpQ;rpj;jpiz. FWe;njhifg; ghly;fs; ehEhwpYk; ,J xU xsp tpsf;F.
gz;ilj; jkpoupd; ehfupfr; rpwg;Gf;Fg; fl;bak; $Wk; ghly;.
rq;ffhyj;J rhd;NwhH ,aw;ifNahL
,ize;J tho;e;jhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj nja;tj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. epyj;ij itj;Nj xOf;fj;ij
tiuaWj;jhHfs;. GytHfs; ,aw;if epfo;TfisNa ctkhdkhff; ifahz;lhHfs;. mjPj fw;gid ,Uf;ftpy;iy. nja;t
ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; %l ek;gpf;if ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,y;ywNk vy;yh mwq;fspYk; rpwe;j mwk; vd;whHfs;.
mwk; mtHfspd; tho;f;ifapd; xU $whf ,y;yhky; tho;f;if KOtJNk mwkhf ,Ue;jJ.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy;
fhg;gpakhFk;. Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fspy; rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;w
rpwg;igg; ngWfpd;wd. fhg;gpa mikg;gpy; kl;Lk; my;yhJ ,sq;Nfhtp mbfspd; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nfhtyd;
-fz;zfp> Nfhtyd; cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;isnfhz;l Mlyurp khjtp ,tHfisg;gw;wpg;
ghl> kzpNkfiy Nfhtyd; -khjtpapd; fhjypy; fdpe;j kfs; kzpNkfiygw;wp rhj;jdhupd; kzpNkfiy NgRk;.
fhg;gpak; vd;gJ Jha jkpo; nrhy;. mJ
tl nrhy;yhd "fht;ah" vd;wjd; jpupgy;y.ghg;gpak;> fhg;gpahW> fhg;gpaf;Fb vd;gd KiwNa Ehy;> MW>
Fbg;ngaHfisf; Fwpg;gd.
rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F Kj;jkpo;f;
fhg;gpak; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaUk; cz;L. fhg;gpaj;jpy; ciueil> ,irg; ghly;fs;> ehlfg;ghq;F %d;wk; ,Ug;gjhy;
,g;ngaH ngw;wJ. ,d;Dk; xU rpwg;G vd;dntd;why;
"KbnfO Nte;jH %tHf;FKupaJ mbfs; ePNu mUSf"
vd;wjw;F
xg;g KbAil %Nte;jHfshd Nru> Nrho> ghz;baHfisAk;> tQ;rp>
GfhH> kJiuahfpa jiy efuq;fisAk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; eLepiyikAld;
Gfo;e;J ghLk;. fhg;gpaj;jpd; jiytd; - jiytp (Nfhtyd; - fz;zfp) ngUq;Fbg; gpwe;j kf;fshjyhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak; vd;w tpUijAk; ngWfpwJ.
njhy;fhg;gpaH nka;g;ghl;baypy;
vl;Ltif nka;g;ghLfis tiuaiw nra;J mtw;wpw;F ,yf;fzk; ,ak;GthH.
eifNa> mOif> ,sptuy;> kUl;if>
mr;rk;> ngUkpjk;> ntFsp> ctif> vd;W
mg; ghy; vl;Nl nka;g;ghL"
vd;g
(njhy;.nghUs; - nka;. 6 R+j;jpuk; 3)
gjTiu
eif - rpupg;G
mOif - mtyk;
,sptuy; - ,opG
kUl;if - tpag;G
mr;rk; - gak;
ngUkpjk; - tPuk;
ntFsp - rpdk;
ctif - kfpo;r;rp
,e;j nka;g;ghLfs; xt;nthd;iwAk;
ehd;fhfg; ngUf;fp mtw;wpd; tpupT Kg;gj;jpuz;L vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk;.
,e;j Kg;gj;jpuz;L nka;g;ghl;Lr;
Ritfis rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; mw;Gjkhf mikj;Js;shH.
rq;ffhyg; ghly;fs; GytHfs; jk;Nghd;w GytHfSf;F vOjpa
,yf;fpak; vd;w Njhw;wj;ijf; nfhLf;fpwJ. Vl;by; vOj;jhzp nfhz;L vOjpajhy; $w Ntz;batw;iw
RUf;fkhfTk; ,Wf;fkhfTk; vOj Ntz;ba fl;lhak; mtHfSf;F ,ay;ghfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt
ciuahrpupaHfspd; Jizapy;yhky; rq;fg; ghly;fis gbj;J czHtJ ,ayhj fhupakhFk;.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,jw;F ngupJk;
tpjptpyf;F. nfhQ;R jkpopy; gbg;NghH cs;sj;ijf; nfhs;is
nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; ,sq;Nfh rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; ghl;Lilr; nra;Ais gilj;Js;shH. ghujpahH rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij "neQ;ir
ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk;" vd;DNkhH Muk;" vd;W tHzpj;jJ Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jkhdNj.
jkpo; ,dpikahd nkhop vd;gij xg;gptpg;gjw;F rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijr; rhd;whff; fhl;lyhk;.
rq;fk; kUtpa
fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp. 2k; Ehw;whz;L) vOe;j rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; jkpoH jpUkzk; rq;ffhy kuig kPwp itjPf
newpg;gb ele;Njwpaij Kjd; Kjyhfg; ghHf;fpNwhk;.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; ngz;zpd; ngUikiaAk;
fw;gpd; khz;igAk; Ngr te;j fhg;gpak; vd;gjhy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; Kjypy; fz;zfpiaAk; gpd;dH NfhtyidAk;
mwpKfk; nra;J itf;fpwhH.
fz;zfp GfhH efuj;J thd;epfH tz;if
kheha;f;fd; Fyf; nfhOe;J. mJ NghyNt Nfhtyd; ,Uepjpf; fpotd; khrhj;Jthd; kfd;.
Nghjpy; MH jpUtpdhs; Gfo; cil tbT
vd;Wk;
jPJ,yh tlkPdpd; jpwk; ,ts; jpwk; vd;Wk;
khjhuhH njhOJ Vj;j taq;fpa ngUk; Fzj;Jf;
fhjyhs;> ngaH kd;Dk; fz;zfp
vd;ghH kd;Ndh.
(rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghly; 25)
,UtuJ
ngw;NwhUk; NrHe;J kdkfpo;NthL Nfhtyd; fz;zfpf;F jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fpd;wdH. jpUkzg;
ge;jypd; moF> kiw topapy; jpUkzk; ele;jik> jpUkzj;Jf;F te;jpUe;j ngz;bupd; eyd;fs; ,tw;iw vy;yhk;
$wp> kfspH Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia kq;fy ey; mkspapy; Vw;wpaijf; $wpg; gpd;G ,kaj;ij ntd;w Nrhod;
ngUikiaf; $wp kzkf;fis tho;j;Jfpd;wdH.
,UngUk; FutUk; xUngU ehshy;
kzmzp fhz kfpo;e;jdH> kfpe;Jop
ahid vUj;jj;J mzp,ioahH Nky; ,uP,
khefHf;F <e;jhH kzk;.
jpUkz mwptpg;ig ahid Nky; mzpfs;
G+z;l kfspiu Vw;wp ,Uj;jp GfhH efupy; cs;NshUf;F kzr; nra;jpia mwptpf;fpd;wdH.
KuR ,ak;gpd> KUL mjpHe;jd> Kiw vOe;jd gzpyk;> ntz;Fil
juR vOe;jJ> XHgb vOe;jd>
mfYs; kq;fy mzp vOe;jJ
khiy jho; nrd;dp tapu kzpj; Jhzfj;J
ePytpjhdj;J> epj;jpyg; G+k; ge;jHfPo;>
thd; CH kjpak; rfL miza
thdj;Jr;
rhyp xU kPd; jifahisf; Nfhtyd;
khKJ ghHg;ghd; kiw top fhl;bl
jPtyk; nra;tJ fhz;NghH Nehd;G
vd;id!
ngupa> KjpHr;rpAila me;jzd;>
tzpfHf;Fupa kiw newpfspd; gb topfhl;l> kzkf;fs; jPtyk;
te;jdH. mf; fhl;rpiaf; fhz;gtH fz;fs; vd;d Nehd;G nra;jdNth?!
,jid mLj;J kzkf;fis tho;j;jp kq;fy
mksp Vw;wpdhHfs;. Vw;wp kzkf;fis tho;j;Jk;NghJ gpd;dH fz;zfpf;F tu ,Uf;Fk; Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu
vjpHkiwapy; thoj;jpNahh; tha;%yk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; $wptpLfpwhH.
fhjyd; gpupahky;> ftTf;if nQfpohky;
jPJ mWf!"" vd Vj;jp> rpd;kyH
nfhL Jhtp
mk; fz; cyfpd; mUe;jjp
md;dhis
kq;fy ey; mksp Vw;wpdhH.
gpd;G Nrhod; tho;j;jg;gLfpwhd;.
jq;fpa
,g;ghy; ,kaj;J ,Uj;jpa ths; Ntq;if
cg;ghiyg; nghd;Nfhl;L cioajh> vg;ghYk;
nrUkpF rpdNty; nrk;gpad;
xU jdp Mop cUl;LNthd; vdNt.
(rpyk;G. kq;fy tho;j;J 64-68)
"vd;Wk; epiwngWk; ,kaj;jpd;
,g;gf;fj;jpy; nghwpj;j Nrhodpd; Gypf;nfhb> mg;gf;fj;jpyYk; ,Uf;Fk;gb kiyiaj; jpupj;jhd;> NghHty;y
rpdk; nghUe;jpa NtiyAila Nrhod;. jd; xg;gw;w Mizr;rf;fuj;ij nrYj;Jthdhf" vd - tho;j;jpdH.
jpUkzkhd Kjdhs; ,uT Nfhtyd;
fz;zfpiag; ghHj;J mtsJ mofpid Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhu tupfs; NtW ve;j cyf ,yf;fpaj;jpYk;
fhzg;glhj Rit cilaJ. GJ kzkfd; nel;LUr; nra;J itj;J jdJ ,y;yf;fpsj;jpiag; ghHj;J mbf;fb nrhy;y
Ntz;ba ghly;tupfs;. mJ ,J.
khrW nghd;Nd! tyk;Gup Kj;Nj!
fhrW tpiuNa! fUk;Ng! NjNd!!
mUk;ngww; ghtha;! MUapH kUe;Nj!
ngUq;Fb thzpfd; ngUkl kfNs!
kiyaplg; gpwth kzpNa vd;Nfh?
miyaplg; gpwth mkpo;Nj vd;Nfh?
ahopilg; gpwth ,irNa vd;Nfh?
jho;,Uq; $e;jy; ijahy; epd;id!
Fw;wkw;w gRk;nghd;Nd! tyk;Gupr;
rq;fpNy gpwe;j Kj;Jg; Nghd;wtNs!
Fw;wkw;w tpiuNghd;w kzk; cilatNs!
fUk;gpDk; ,dpa RitAilatNs!
NjdpDk; ,dpik cilatNs!
ngWtjw;F mUikahd ghitNa!
vd; mupa capUf;F mkpo;jk; Nghd;wtNs!
ngUq;Fb thzpfdpd; ngUik nghUe;jpa
,skfNs!
epd;id
'kiyapy; gpwthj kzpNa' vd;W
nrhy;NtNdh?
'miyaplg; gpwthj mkpo;jk;' vd;W
miog;NgNdh?
"ahopilg; gpwthj ,irNah' vd;W
,ak;GNtNdh?
jho;e;j fUikahd $e;jiyAil ngz;Nz!
epd;id vt;thnwy;yhk; nrhy;ypj;jhd; ghuhl;LNtNdh?""
,sq;Nfh mbfs; ahj;j rpyg;gjpfhuk; -
murpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk;$w;W MtJhck;
ciurhy; gj;jpdpf;F caHe;NjhH
Vj;jYk;
Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gJhk;
vd;w %d;W fUj;Jf;fis ehl;l vOe;j
ghl;Lilr; nra;As MFk;.
fz;zfpia ts;StH
,yf;fzk; nrhd;d "nja;tk;
njhohs; nfhOew; njhOnjOths; nga;adg; nga;Ak; kio"
vd;wjw;F mika ,sq;Nfh mbfs; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; gilj;Js;shH. ,jdhy; fz;zfpia gyfhYk; gythW Gfo;e;J
ghbAs;shH.
fw;Gf; flk;G+z;l ,j;nja;tk; my;yJ
nghw;Gilj; nja;tk; ahk;
fz;byk;;...
vdf; fTe;jp mbfs; thapyhfTk;
,tNsh> nfhq;fr; nry;tp> Flkiy Ml;b
njd;jkpo;g;ghit> nra;j jtf; nfhOe;J
xUkh kzpaha; cyfpw;F Xq;fpa
jpUkhkzp vdj; nja;tk; cw;W ciug;g.....
vd rhypdp thapyhfTk; Nghw;wpg;
Gfo;e;Js;shH.
Nfhtyidg; gpupe;j fz;zfpia -
mk;nrk; rPwb mzprpyk;G xopa
nkd;Jfpy; my;Fy; Nkfiy ePq;f
nfhq;if Kd;wpy; Fq;Fkk; vOjhs;
kq;fy mzpapd; gpwpJ mzp kfpohs;
nfhLq;Fio Jwe;J gbe;J tPo; fhjpds;
jpq;fs; ths;Kfk; rpW tpaHg;G ,upar;
nrq;fay; neLq;fz; mQ;rdk; kwg;gg;
gts ths; Ejy; jpyfk; ,og;gj;
ik ,Uk; $e;jy; nea; mzp kwf;ff;
ifaW neQ;rj;Jf; fz;zfp md;wpAk; -
fhtpup flnyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy;
kyUfpd;w nea;jy; epy mofpa flw;fiur; Nrhiyapy; ,uz;L jlhfq;fs; cs;sd. mit Nrhk Fz;lk;> R+upa Fz;lk;
vd miof;fg; ngWk;. mg; ngha;iffspy; %o;fp kd;kjd; Nfhapy; nrd;W njhOjhy; fztnuhL kfpo;thf ,Ug;gH
kfspH. ehk; xU ehs; mq;FNgha; mg; ngha;iffspy; ePuhLNthk; vd;W $Wths;.
,jidf; Nfl;l fz;zfp ,uz;Nl ,uz;L
nrhw;fspy; jdJ Njhopf;Fg; gjpy; ,Wf;fpwhs;. mg;gbf; fhkd; Nfhtpy; nrd;W topgLtJ vdf;F
"gPL md;W" vd;gJ mtsJ gjpy;.
rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpd;gpd; fp.gp. 7
my;yJ 8 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; Njhd;wpa ngUq;fijapy; jPtyk; tUjy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> muprp Jhty;> gpuhkzH
Mrp> mUe;jjp fhl;ly; Mfpait ,lk; ngWfpwJ.
,jid mLj;J fp.gp. 9Mk; Ehw;whz;bdjhd
R+shkzpapy; ngz;zpd; je;ij jhiu thHj;jy; (fd;dpfhjhdk;) jPtyk; nra;jy;> mk;kp kpjpj;jy;> mUe;jjp
fhl;ly; Mfpait $wg;gLfpwJ. jhiuthHj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; ,jpNyjhd; Kjd;Kiwahfg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ.
rpe;jhkzpapYk; kzkfs; ePuhl;L>
fy;gjpj;j NjhL ePf;fy;> fhg;G mzptpj;jy;> khiy R+l;ly;> ngz;zpd; je;ij ePH ml;bf; nfhLj;jy; Mfpait
,lk; ngWfpd;wd.
Mjpapy; ,y;iy ghjpapy; te;jJ
vdNt itjPf jpUkzq;fs; Mjpapy; ,y;yhJ
ghjpapy; te;jit. mit jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;F vjpuhdit. nre;jkpio xJf;fp
capuw;w tlnrhy; $r;rYf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLg;git.
fd;dpfhjhdk; ngz; mbikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghHg;gdHfspd; gof;f tof;fq;fs;> ehfupfk;
,itfisr; rpj;jupf;f vOjg;gl;l Guhzq;fs; mj;jidAk; fl;Lf;fijfNs. ,jid Ehw;iwk;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH
tlYhH ts;syhH ciwg;ghfr; nrhy;ypg; Nghe;Js;shH.
"cyfpay; rd;khHf;f Kiwg;gb jpUkzk;> G+g;G ed;dPuhl;ly;
Kjypa tpohf;fspy;> ,Ul;rhjp jj;Jtr; rhj;jpuf; Fg;igfis vy;yhk; js;sp> fz;%b tof;fq;fisvy;yhk;
kz;%bg; Nghftpl;L> xOf;fKk; mwpTKs;s ngupahH xUtiu Kd;djhff; nfhz;L> mtH Kd;dpiyapy; gjp tpsf;F>
Fltpsf;F Kjypa jpUtpsf;Ffis Vw;wp Rkq;fpypg; ngz;fshy; vy;yhr; flq;FfisAk; nra;tpj;J> Mz;ltiu
topghL nra;J> jhyp fl;Ljy;-ed;dPuhl;Ljy; Kjypa tpohf;fisr; nra;tpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rhjp> rka Ngjq;fs;
xd;Wk; ghuhl;lyhfhJ."
jkpoHfspd; tho;tpaypy;
mq;fpq;nfd;dhjgb vq;Fk; jkpo;nkhopAk; jkpo;g; gz;ghLk; NfhNyhr;r Ntz;Lk;.
Myaq;fspy; jkpo; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mg;gUk;> Re;;juUk;> MSilg; gps;isahUk;>mUkzpthrfUk; ghba Njthu jpUthrfq;fs; mHr;rid ke;jpuq;fshf
Kof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ''nra;a jkpo; khiyfs;> ehk; njspa Xjpj; njspahj kiw epyq;fs; njspjy; Ntz;Lk;.''
jkpoH jpUkzq;fspy; tz;zj; jkpo;
xypf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoH jpUkzq;fs; jkpo;kuGj; jpUkzq;fshfj; jpfsNtz;Lk;.
jkpoHfsJ ,ir jkpopirahfNt ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,ir Nkilfspy; ige;jkpopNyNa jkpo;f; fiyQHfs; ghl
Ntz;Lk;.
jkpoHfsJ ngaHfs; nre;jkpopy; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; cwT Kiwfis tz;lkpopy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
ts;StH nra; jpUf;FwNs jkpoHfsJ nghJ
kiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt jkpoHfsJ tho;f;iff;F
topfhl;bahf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.
ngupahH> mz;zh>
ghujp> ghujpjhrd; ,tHfsJ fdT ,d;W jkpoPoj;jpy; edthfpf; nfhz;bUf;fwJ. me;jf; fdT KOjhff; ifg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. rq;f fhyk; kPz;Lk; tuNtz;Lk;. tq;ff; flypy; Nrhodpd; Gypf; nfhb ePf;fkw kPz;Lk; gl;nlhsp
tPrpg; gwf;f Ntz;Lk;.
thopa nre;jkpo; ! tho;few; wkpoH !
thopa jkpoPo kzpj;jpU ehL !
10. jkpNo capNu tzf;fk;!
jkpo;ehl;by; jkpo;nkhopapy;
fy;tp> jkpo;nkhopapy; topghL> jkpopnkhopapy; ,ir ,tw;wpw;F ngupa Nghuhl;lNk elhj;j
Ntz;bAs;s mtyk; ,d;Wk; njhlHfijahfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpofj;ij 1967k;
Mz;L njhlf;fk; ,e;jp vjpHg;ig Kjyhf itj;J Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j jpuhtplf; fl;rpfs; khwp khwp Mz;L te;jhYk; ""vq;Fk; jkpo; vjpYk; jkpo;"" vd;gJ ,d;Dk;
njhiythdj;jpy; njupAk; thdtpy;ypd; tHz [hyq;fshfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;by; ,ir muq;Ffspy;
jkpopirNa xypf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nghuhl;lk; njhlq;fp ,d;iwf;F miuEhw;whz;Lf;F Nkyhfptpl;lJ. ,Ue;Jk;
Ntw;Wnkhopfspd; Mjpf;fk;> Fwpg;ghf njYq;F nkhop Mjpf;fk; Fiwe;jghlhf ,y;iy.
,t;tstpw;Fk; ,irj; jkpo; Kj;jkpopy;
xU $whfg; ghuhl;lg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,iwtidNa Vopiraha;> ,irg;gadha; fz;L fspj;Jg; Nghw;wpatHfs;
ehSk; jkpo; tsHj;j ehad;khHfs;. jkpo;kf;fspd; tho;NthL ,ir ,uz;lwf; fye;jpUe;jikia jkpo;nkhopapy;
,d;wpUf;Fk; kpfg; gioa ,yf;fz Ehyhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd gj;Jg;ghl;L>
vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspypUe;Jk; njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,irf;F ,yf;fz Ehy;fs; ,Ue;jij-
msgpwe; JapHj;jYk; xw;wpif ePlYk;
csntd nkhopg ,isnahL rptzpa
euk;gpd; kiwa vd;kdhH GytH..
vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa R+j;jp;uj;jpdhy;
mwpayhk;. ",aw;wkpopy; capH vOj;Jk; xw;nwOj;Jk; xypf;Fk; epiy NtW> mt;ntOj;Jf;fs;
,irj;jpopy; xypf;Fk; xypepiyNtW> mjid mt;tpir Ehy;fspy;
fz;Lnfhs;f"" vd;fpwhH njhy;fhg;gpaH. "kiw" vd;why; Ehy; vd;W nghUs;. njhy;fhg;gpaH tz;zk; ,UgJ tif
vd;ghH. ""tz;zk; vd;gJ re;j NtWghL"" vd;ghH NguhrpupaH. ,JNghyNt rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,irr; gz;fs;>
,irf;fUtpfs;> ,irf; fiyQHfs; gw;wpa Vuhskhd nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.
jkpoH Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; FwpQ;rpg;gz;>
Ky;iyg;gz;> kUjg;gz;> nea;jw;gz;> ghiyg;gz; fz;ldH. mNjNghy; me;j Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; mNj ngaupy;
Itif ahioAk;> njhz;lfg;giw (FwpQ;rp)> VWNfhl;giw(Ky;iy)> kzKoT (kUjk;) kPd;Nfhl;giw (nea;jy;)>
epiuNfhl;giw (ghiy) vd Itifg; giwiaAk; fz;ldH.
gz;Zk; giwAk; fz;lNjhL epy;yhky;
,d;d gz; ,d;d nghOJ ghlj;jf;fJ vd ,yf;fzKk; tFj;jdH. ahkk; FwpQ;rpg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. khiy Ky;iy
rhjhupg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. tpbfhiy kUjg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. ez;gfy; ghiyf;F cupaJ.
vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;whd
GwdhEhw;wpy; ts;sy;fspy; xUtdhd es;sp ms;spf;nfhLj;j gupRfspd; kaf;fj;jhy; ghzH fhiyapy;
ghLk; kUjg; gz;iz khiyapYk;> khiyapy; ghLk; nrt;topg;
gz;iz fhiyapYk; Kiwkhwpg; ghLfpwhHfshk;. td;guzH ghba me;jg; ghly; ,J.
es;sp thopNah es;sp ed;nsd;
khiy kUjk; gz;zpf; fhiyf;
iftop kUq;fpy; nrt;top gz;zp
tuntkH kwe;jdH mJeP
GuTf;fld; G+z;l tz;ik aNd!
jkpopy; vOe;j ,irEhy;fs; gy
,we;Jgl;ld. gupghly; (Kjw;rq;fk;)> KJehiu> KJFUF> fsupahtpid> ntz;lhsp> tpahokhiy Nghd;w ,ir
Ehy;fs; ,d;W ,y;iy. ,oe;j ,e;j ,ir ,yf;fz Ehy;fis rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F ciunaOjpa mbahHf;F ey;yhH gl;bay; ,l;Lf; fhl;btpl;L jk; fhyj;J ,Ue;j
rpfz;b> ,irEZf;fk;> ,e;jpufhspak; Kjyhd ,irEhy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Ntjid vd;dntd;why; ,tw;iwAk;
,g;NghJ ,oe;Jtpl;Nlhk;! ek; Kd;NdhHfs; mspj;j nry;tq;fis ghJfhf;fj; njupahJ ePUf;Fk; neUg;Gf;Fk;
fhyk;NjhWk; ,oe;JtpLtJ jkpopdj;jpd; rhgf;Nflhf ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;L
,ir Nkilfspy; Ntw;W nkhopapy; ghLtJ vd;w tpahjp kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH fhyj;jpypUe;Nj tUfpwJ.
"ehDk; ghHj;Jf;nfhz;Nl tUfpNwd;> ghl;Lf; fr;Nrup njhlq;FfpwJ> tpj;Jthd;
"thjhgp fzgjpk; vd;W Muk;gk; nra;fpwhH."uhkeP ]khd nktU"
"kupahj fhJuh". "tuK nyh]hfp" ....... IiaNah IiaNah xNu
fij.
ve;j [py;yhTf;Fg; Ngh> ve;j
fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; Ngh. ve;j "tpj;Jthd;" te;jhYk; ,Nj fijjhd;. jkpo;ehl;L [dq;fSf;F ,Uk;Gf;fhjhf
,Ug;gjhy; jpUk;gj; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ,e;j Vnol;Lg;
ghl;Lf;fis tU\f;fzf;fhff; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. Njhw;fhJ cs;s Njrq;fspNy ,e;j Jd;gj;ijg;
nghWj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhHfs;."" ,J ghujpahH RkhH vOgj;ije;J Mz;LfSf;F Kd; RNjrkpj;jpudpy; vOjpa
fl;Liuapd; xU gFjp. KOf;fl;LiuiaAk; gbj;jhy; kl;LNk
ghujpahH fhyj;jpy; jkpopir ,Ue;J Nfhyk; ,y;iy myq;Nfhyk;
njupAk;.
jkpopy; ,irapy;iy> ,irnad;why; mJ
njYq;F ,irjhd; vd;w khia ntF fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
Mdhy;
,w;iwf;F ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH> jkpoupd; nghw;fhyk; vd tHzpf;fg;gLk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpopy; jkpopir nts;skhfg; gutpg; gha;e;NjhbapUe;jpUf;fpwJ.
fypg;ghTk; mjd; cWg;Gfshfpa juT> jhopir> Rupjk;> tz;zfk;> mk;Nghjuq;fk; Nghd;w
,irg;ghf;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghy; gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. xt;nthU ghl;bd;
epiwtpYk; Jiw> tz;zk;> Jhf;F> ngaH vd;Dk; ehd;F Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; KOJk; gOjw;w xU
Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpak;. mjpy; fhzg;gLk; ,irEl;gq;fisAk; ,irf;fUtpfisAk; njd;jkpoPoj;jpd; kPd;ghLk; NjdhL
ngw;nwLj;j tpGyhde;j mbfs; jhk; vOjpa "aho;Ehy; vd;w ,irj;jkpo; Ehy;""
(1947) thapyhf ntspf; nfhzHe;J jkpopirf;F mUk;ngUk; njhz;lhw;wpAs;shH.
Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;> jpUf;NfhitahH>
jpUtpirg;gh> jpUtha;nkhop> jpUg;Gfo;> jpUNeupir> jpUtpUj;jk;>
jpUf;FWe;njhif> jpUj;jhz;lfk;> jhAkhdtH fz;zpfs;> ts;syhupd; jpUtUl;gh> fhtbr;rpe;J>
rpj;jHghly;fs;> FwtQ;rp> gs;S> fPHj;jidfs; ,it ahTk; jkpopirg; ghly;fNs.
gpq;fy epfz;L jkpopirapy; 103 gz;fs;
cz;nld;W nrg;GfpwJ. irt klq;fspy; Xjg;gLk; gz;fs; 21 vd;Wk; mtw;iw XJk; fhyk; fhiy> khiy> gfy; vd
tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,d;iwa fHehlf rq;fPjk;
jkpopirad;wp Ntwy;y. gd;dpuz;lhk; Ehw;whz;by; NrhNk];tu
Gy;Nyhfkhy; (1116-1127) vd;w kfhuh\;bu FWepy kd;dd;
njd;dpe;jpa rq;fPjj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
"khdr cy;yhrk;" vd;w ,ir Ehnyhd;iw Mf;fpdhd;.
jdJ ehl;bw;F njw;NfAs;s ehLfspy;
fHehlfk; kfhuh\;buj;Jf;F mLj;J ,Ue;jjhy; jhd; fz;L Nghw;wpa njd;ehl;Lr; rq;fPjj;jpw;F "fHehlf
rq;fPjk;" vd;W ngaH itj;jhd;. mtd; fhyj;jpy; njd;dhl;by; ,Ue;j rq;fPjk; jkpo;rq;fPjk; xd;Wjhd;.
jkpopy; ,Ue;j VopirfisNa tlnkhopapy; "rg;jRuq;fs;" vd;W vOjp itj;jhHfs;.
Fuy; Kjy; Ruk; rl;[kk; (r) vd;Wk;>
Jj;jk; ,uz;lhk; Ruk; up\gk;(up) vd;Wk;>
iff;fpis %d;whk; Ruk; fhe;jhuk; (f) vd;Wk;>
cio ehd;fhk; Ruk; kj;jpkk; (k) vd;Wk;>
,sp Ie;jhk; Ruk; gQ;rkk; (g) vd;Wk;>
tpsup Mwhk; Ruk; ijtjk; (j) vd;Wk;>
jhuk; Vohk; Ruk; ep\hjk; (ep) vd;W
khw;wp vOjg;gl;lJ.
,NjNghy; gz; ,uhfkhf khw;wg;gl;lJ.
Ky;iyg;gz; NkhfdkhfTk;> Nfhbg;ghiy rq;fuhguzkhfTk;> mUk;ghiy fufug;gpupahthfTk;> nrk;ghiy mup
fhk;NghjpahfTk;> nrt;topg;ghiy aJFy fhk;NghjpahfTk;> gLkiyg;ghiy fy;ahzpahfTk;>Nkw; nrk;ghiy
eiligutpahfTk;> nre;JUj;jp kj;jpakhtjpahfTk;> rhjhup ge;JtuhspahfTk;> FwpQ;rpg;gz;
ePyhk;gupahfTk;> GwePHik G+ghskhfTk; ngaH khw;wk;nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Kj;jkpo;f;
fy;tpAk; tpj;jff; ftpAk; iftuf;fz;l ,sq;Nfh mbfs; ahj;j neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; (fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; Ehw;whz;L) CHfhz;
fhijapy; kJiu tPjpfspy; Mly;> ,irg;ghly;fs;> tupf;$j;Jf;fs;> ghly;> VOtifj; Jhf;Ffs;> mjNdhL
,izfpd;w Njhw;fUtpfspd; $WghLfis czHe;J> epw;wy;> ,aq;fy;> ,Uj;jy;> fplj;jy;> vd;w ehy;tif kuGila
mtpdaf; $j;Jf;fisAk; mwpe;J> Fuy; Kjyhf jhuk; <whf cs;s Vo;tif ,irf; $WfisAk; tpupf;Fk; ,irty;NyhH ,Ue;jJ
tpupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
MlYk;> tupAk;> ghzpAk;> Jhf;Fk;
$ba FapYtf; fUtpAk; czHe;J
ehy;tif kugpd; mtpdaf; fsj;jpDk;
Vo;tif epyj;jpd; va;jpaJ tpupf;Fk;
kiyg;G mUk; rpwg;gpd; jiyf;Nfhy; ........
"Vo;tif epyj;jpd; va;jpaJ
tpupf;fpd;"
vd;gjw;F ciu
vOjpa ey;yhHf;F mbahH "vOtif
epykhtd rupfkgjep vd;Dk; vOtifg;gl;l vOj;jbahfg; gpwf;Fk; Fuy; Kjy; jhuk; <whf VOk;"
vd
tpupj;Ji#uf;fpwhH.
kPz;Lk;
Mr;rpaH Fuitapy; VO ,sk; ngz;fSf;F ,ilf;Fy KJkfshfpa khjup ,e;j VO Ruq;fisAk; jhd;
tpUk;gpa ngaHfshfr; R+l;bajhff; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,ilKJkfs;
,tHf;Fg;
gilj;Jf; Nfhs; ngaH ,Lths;
FlKjy; ,lKiwahf;> Fuy;> Jj;jk;
iff;fpis> cio> ,sp> tpsup> jhuk; vd
tpupjU G+q;Foy; Ntz;ba ngaNu. (rpyk;G 17>
18-22)
Guhjd jkpo; ,irf; fzpjj;jpd;gb-
Fuy;
- k
Jj;jk; - g
iff;fpis - j
cio - ep
,sp - r
tpsup - up
jhuk; -
f
vd tFfg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j VO ,irfspd; Xirf;F
ctik KiwNa tz;L> fpsp> Fjpiu> ahid> Fapy;> NjD>
ML vd;gitahFk;. ,e;j ,irfspd; Ritf;F ctik KiwNa Njd;>
japH> nea;> Vyk;> thiof;fdp> khJsq;fdp vd;gitahFk;.
jpUtpirg;gh ghba xd;gjpkUs; Kjyhk;
,uhruhr Nrhodpd; (fp.gp. 1012-1044) ghl;lhdhH fz;lhuhjpj;j NjtH (fp.gp. 956-957) xUtH. Kjyhk;
,uhNrj;jpuDila kfs; tapw;Wg; NguDk; fPior;rhSf;fpa kd;dd; ,uhruhrdpd; kfDkhfpa Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;
(fp.gp.1070-1120) "FNyhj;Jq;fd; ,ir" ,irEhnyhd;iw vOjpatd; vd;gJk; mtdJ murpahupd; ngaH
Vopirty;ygp vd;gJk; tuyhW.
fHehlf ,irf;F
Kj;Jrhkp jPl;rpjH (1>1776-1>1835)> jpahifaH (1767-1847)>
rpahkh rhj;jpupfs; (1>762-1>827) %tUk; Kk;%Hj;jpfs; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.
,e;j %tUk; Me;jpu ehl;ltHfs; my;y.
,tHfs; gpwe;j CH jkpo;ehl;bYs;s jpUth&H. ,tHfs; Nfl;l
,irnay;yhk; jkpopirNa. Mdhy; jpahifaupd; tPl;L nkhop njYq;fhf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; jhk;Nfl;l
jkpopiriaj; jkJ jha;nkhopahd njYq;fpy; fPHj;jdkhfg; ghbdhH. jpUitahw;wpy; Mz;LNjhWk; mtUf;F tpoh vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j
Mz;L jpahifaupd; 154tJ Muhjid tpohthFk;. rpahkh rhj;jpupfs; njYq;fpYk; jkpopYk; fPHj;jidfs;
nra;jhH. jPl;rpjH Rj;jkhf tlnkhopapy; ghbdhH.
,g;gbr; nrhy;tjhy; ,e;j fUehlf
Kk;%Hj;jpfs; Njhd;WKd;> fUehlff; fPHj;jidj; jkpo;g; ghly;fs; ,y;iyah? fPHj;jid ghLgtHfs; ,y;iyah?
,e;j
Kk;%Hj;jpfSf;Fk; Kd;dNu jkpopirf;F Kk;%Hj;jpfshf
rPHfhop Kj;Jj; jhz;ltH (fp.gp. 1>600)> jpy;iytplq;fd;
khupKj;jhg;
gps;is (1>712-1>787)> rPHfhop mUzhryf; ftpuhaH (1>711-1>779) ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs;
gpwg;Gf;fhuzkhf mtHfs; fhyj;jpy; mtHfsJ ,irty;Yik muq;fk; VwhJ ,Ue;Jtpl;lJ. njYq;F ,irf;F ,Ue;j
Mjpf;fj;jpdhYk; mjd;kPJ tpraefu Ml;rpahsHfSf;F (16k; Ehw;whz;L) ,Ue;j Nkhfj;jhYk; mtHfsJ Gfo;
ntspr;rj;Jf;F tuhJ Nghapw;W.
njUtpy;
thuhNdh - vd;idr; rw;Nw
jpUk;gpg; ghuhNdh?
vd;Dk;
Kj;Jj;jhz;ltH fPHj;jdk;>
fhiyj;
Jhf;fp epd;whLk; nja;tNk -vidf;
ifJhf;fp Ms;
nja;tNk!
vd;Dk;
khupKj;jhg;gps;is fPHj;jdKk;>
MNuh ,tH
MNuh - vd;d
NgNuh mwpNaNd!
vd;Dk;
mUzhryf; ftpuahH fPHj;jdKk; md;W kpfTk; gpugy;akhditahf ,Ue;jd. xUKiw jpUitahw;wpNy jpahfuhrH
tpohtpNy vk;.vk;. jz;lghzp NjrpfH jkpo; ghl;nlhd;W ghbtpl;lhH. jpahfuhrH tshfNk jPl;Lg;gl;L
tpl;lJ vd;W njYq;fpir ghlte;j $l;lk; NghHf;nfhb
Jhf;fptpl;lJ! ,dp jPl;Lf; fopj;jhy; md;wpg; ghlkhl;Nlhk; vd;W muq;fj;ijtpl;L
me;jf; $l;lk; ntspNawpaJ.
jkpo;ehl;L fhw;iwr;
Rthrpj;Jf;nfhz;L> fhNtupj; jz;zPiuf; Fbj;Jf;nfhz;L> jkpo;ehl;L cg;igj; jpd;W nfhz;L tho;e;j $l;lk;
jkpo;ehl;by; jkpod; jkpopy; xU ghl;Lg; ghbtpl;lijf; fz;L
jPl;Lg;gl;L tpl;ljhff; $g;ghL Nghl;lJ jkpo; ehl;by; jkpopirf;F ve;jsTf;F
"kupahij" md;iwf;F ,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;F ey;y vLj;Jf;fhl;L!
"jkpopir vd xd;Wk; ,y;iy
,Ug;gnjy;yhk; Ntw;wpirNa" vd;Wk; ",irf;F nkhop ,y;iy" vd;Wk; jkpo;ehl;bd;
tsj;ij mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L jkpopirf;Fg; giftHfs; NfL nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; jkpopirapd;
kWgpwg;Gf;Fk;> kWkyHr;rpf;Fk; jkpopirr; rq;fk; fz;ltUk; "jkpopirapd; je;ij" vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;ltUkhd
ts;sy; uh[h NrH mz;zhkiy murH> MH.Nf. rz;KfdhH> je;ij ngupahH> tpGyhd mbfs;> vd;.v];. fpU\;zd; Nghd;NwhH tpj;jpl;lhHfs;.
,tHfisj;
njhlHe;J jkpopirf; fhtyH uh[h NrH Kj;ijah> t.R.g. khzpf;fdhH> b.vd;. ,uhruj;jpdk;> vk;.vk;. jz;lghzpNjrpfH> "fy;fp"
fpU\;z%Hj;jp> GutyH nghs;shr;rp kfhypq;fk;> Nghd;w gyH
jkpo; ,ir tsHr;rpf;F msg;gupa njhz;L Mw;wpdhHfs;.
jkpopirg; ghly;fis Mf;fpa kfhftp Rg;gpukzpaghujpahH> ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd;> cLkiy
ehuhazftp>Rj;jhde;jghujpahH> ftpkzp Njrpftpehafk;gps;is> ftpaurH fz;zjhrd; Nghd;w ftpQHfs;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftHfs;.
,d;W
nrd;id jkpo; ,irr; rq;fk;> kJiu jkpopirr; rq;fk;>
nghs;shr;rp jkpopirr; rq;fk;> ngupahH Kj;jkpo; kd;wk;> ngupahH jkpopir kd;wk;
jkpo; ,iria ew;wkpo; thzHfs; Nghw;Wk; tz;zk;
ehlshtpa mstpy; tsHj;J tUfpd;wd. nrd;id> kJiu> fhQ;rp>
NtYhH> rpjk;huk; Kjyha ,lq;fspy; jkpo;ehL murpd; ,irf; fy;Yhupfs; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. jkpopirf;
fiyQHfSf;F khj Cjpak;> Mz;L NjhWk; tpUJ> nghw;fpop toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fle;j Vohz;Lfshf ,aq;fptUk; ngupahH
jkpopir kd;wk; jkpopirg; ghly;fs; ghfk; 1> ghfk; 11 vd
,uz;L xypehlhf;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; ngupahH jkpopir kd;wj;jpd;
jiytH jkpopdg; gw;whsHfSf;Fk;> jkpoPo tpLjiyahsHfSf;Fk; Mykuk; Nghy; epoy; jUk; GutyUk;;>
ee;jd;; jpq;fs; ,UKiw ntspaPl;bd; MrpupaUkhd eh. mUzhryk; vd;gJ kfpo;r;rp jUk; nra;jp.
,e;jj; jkpopirg; ghly;fis fiykhkzp
G\;gtdk; Fg;Grhkp> vk;.V. vk;.vy;. gpvr;b jdJ fk;gPukhd Fuypy; rHf;fiug;
ge;jypy; Njd;khup nghope;jNghy; kpf ,dpikahfg; ghbAs;shH.
ghly;fis jkpoPoj; Njrpaf; ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd;> Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd;> fiykhkzp
Kj;Jf;$j;jd; ,aw;wpAs;shHfs;. Kjy; ghly; ftpQH fhrp Mde;jdpd;
Mf;fk;. gz; - Nkhfdk;> jhsk; - Mjp. ghly; ,J.
jkpNo! capNu tzf;fk;!
jha;gps;is cwtk;kh cdf;Fk; vdf;Fk; - jkpNo capNu
mkpo;Nj! eP ,y;iy vd;why;
mj;jidAk; tho;tpy; frf;Fk; Gspf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo cd;idNa epidf;Fk;
jkpod; vd; nrQ;rk; ,dpf;Fk; ,dpf;Fk;! - jkpNo cd;idNa
mkpo;Nj! cd; vopy; epide;jhy;
Mapuk; G+f;fs; rpupf;Fk;! rpupf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo eP vd; ,af;fk;!
jha;eP Jizvd; topf;Fk;! eilf;Fk;! - jkpNo eP
mkpo;Nj eP jUk; ,d;gk;.....
mbNad; tho;tpy;Nt nwq;Nf fpilf;Fk;? - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo ,d;W cid gopf;Fk;
jUf;fd; cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; - jkpNo ,d;W cid
mkpo;Nj! eP thOk; kz;zpy;
mdNy njwpf;Fk;! mdNy njwpf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo cdf;Nfd; fyf;fk;?
jhNa! nghwk;kh Kof;fk; ntbf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
mkpo;Nj! cid vtd; njhl;lhy;
mtid vd; ifths; mopf;Fk;!Kbf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpo; ,irf;F
,g;NghJ ey;y fhyk; gpwe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F ,e;j ntspaPLfs; fl;bak; $Wfpd;wd. ghly;fs; Njdhff;
fhjpy; te;J tpOk;NghJ cs;sKk; clYk; kfpo;r;rp nts;sj;jpy; Fspf;fpwJ.
11.
jkpo;r; Nrhiyapy; gwpj;j ghkyHfs;
gjpdhW NgWfs;
mfpykjpy; Nehapd;ik fy;tpjdk;
jhdpak;
moFGfo; ngUik ,sik
mwpTre; jhdk;typ JzpTtho; ehs; ntw;wp
MFk; ey; tho;j;J fHr;rp
njhifjUk; gjpdhW NgWk;je; jUspeP
Rfhde;j tho;tspg; gha;
RfpHjFz rhypgup ghypmE $ypjpup
#ypkq; fstp rhyp
kfTehd; ePjha; mspf;nfhzjhNjh kfpik
tsHjpUf; flT+ upy;tho;
thkpRg NjkpGfo; ehkprpt rhkpkfpo;
thkpmgp uhkp cikNa!
mgpuhkp gl;lupd; mgpuhkp me;jhjp)
fhz;ly; ,dpJ
Fotp jsHeil fhz;ly; ,dpNj
mtHkoiy Nfl;ly; mkpo;jpDk; ,dpNj
Fotp gpzp,d;wp tho;jy; ,dpNj
kdkhz;G ,yhjtiu mfwy; ,dpNj
fld; nfhz;Lk; nra;td nra;jy; ,dpNj
tUtha; mwpe;J toq;fy; ,dpNj
gpr;irGf;F MapDk; fw;wy; kpf ,dpNj
gpr;irGf;F cz;ghd; gpspwhik
Kd;,dpNj
(kJiu G+jQ;Nre;jdhH-,dpait ehw;gJ)
nghJkiw
vy;yhg; nghUSk;
,jd;ghy; cs- ,jdhy;
,y;yhj vg;nghUSk; ,y;iyahy;
(jpUts;Stkhiy)
ifkhW
fUjhj flTs; tzf;fk;!
jPapDs;
Njwy; eP! G+tpDs; ehw;wk; eP!
fy;ypDs; kzpAk; eP ! nrhy;ypDs; tha;ik eP!
mwj;jpDs; md;G eP! kwj;jpDs; ike;J eP!
Ntjj;J kiw eP! G+jj;J KjYk; eP!
ntQ;RlH xspAk; eP! jpq;fSs; mspAk; eP
midj;Jk; eP! midj;jpDk; nghUSk; eP! Mjypd;
ciwTk; ciwtJk; ,iyNa> cz;ikAk;
kwtpapy; rpwg;gpd; khakh uidia. (gupghly; 3)
nghd;dy;y nghUsy;y
ahmk; ,ug;git
nfhUSk; nghd;Dk; NghfKk; my;y> epd;ghy;
mUSk; md;Gk; mwDk; %d;Wk;-
cUspzHf; flk;gpd; xypjh NuhNah!
(fypj;njhif)
mgpuhkp
fiyahj fy;tpAk; Fiwahj taJNkhH
fgLth uhj el;Gk; fd;whj tsikAk;
Fd;whj ,sikAk; fOgpzpap yhj clYk;
rypahj kdKk;md; gfyhj kidtpAk;
jtwhj re;jh dKk; jhohj
fPHj;jpAk;
khwhj thHj;ijAk; jilfs; tuhj nfhilAk;
njhiyahj epjpaKk; Nfhzj NfhYnkhU
Jd;gkpy;yhj tho;Tk; Jag;gepd; ghjj;jpy;
md;Gk; cjtpg; ngupa njhz;lnuhL $l;L fz;lha;>
miyahop mwpJapY khadJ jq;ifNa!
Mjpfl T+G+upd; tho;Nt! mKjPjH xU ghfk;
mfyhj Rfghzp! mUs;thkp! mgpuhkp Na!
md;dk; gopj;j eil Myk; gopj;j tpop
mKjk; gopj;j nkhopfs;
nghd;dk; ngUj;j Kiy fd;dq; fWj;j Foy;
rpd;dQ; rpWj;j ,il ngz;
vd; neQ;R cUf;f mts;jd; neQ;R
fw;wfiyvd;vd;W ciug;gjpdp ehd;
rpd;dQ; rpWf;fpats; tpy;yq;fk; ,l;lgb
nja;tq; fSf;F mgaNk! (tpNtf rpe;jhkzp 76)
gwe;jJ tz;Nlh goNkh...!
NjDz;Zk; tz;L kJ jid cz;L
jpaq;fpNa fple;jijf; fz;L
jhdijr; rk;Gtpd; fdp vd;W
jlq;ifapy; vLj;JKd; ghHjj;hs;
thDW kjpAk; te;jJ vd;nwz;zp
kyHf;fukk; FtpAk; vd;W mQ;rpg;
NghdJ tz;Nlh gw;e;jNjh gok; jhd;
GJikNah ,J vdg; Gfd;whs;.
(tpNtf rpe;jhkzp 19)
thop fhNtup
fhkhH khiy mUF mira ele;jha; thop fhNtup
fhkH khiy mUfffF mira ele;j vy;yhk; epd; fztd;
ehkNtypd; jpwk; fz;Nl mwpe;Njd; thop fhNtup!
kyHfs;
xz;nrq; fhe;js;> Mk;gy;>
mdpr;rk;
jz;faf; Ftis> FwpQ;rp. ntl;rp
nrq;nfhL Ntup> Njkh> kzpr;rpif>
FUepiy> kUjk;> tpupG+q; Nfhq;fk;
Nghq;fk;> jpyfk;> Njq;fko; ghjpup
nrUe;jp> mjpuy;> ngUe;jz; rz;gfk;!
(Mupa murd; gpufj;jidj; jkpo;
mwptpj;jw;Ff; fgpyH ghba FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (62-75).
,g;gb 99 kyHfspd; ngaHfis fgpyH tupirahf mLf;fpr; nrhy;thH)
kPNdh kPd;
tpopNah?
jz;Lyhtpa jhkiug;
ngha;ifapy;
nkhz;L ePiu Kfj;jUF Ve;ejpdhd;
nfz;il nfz;il vdf;fiu Vwpdhs;
nfz;il fhz;fpys; epd;W jaq;fpdhs;!
(tpNtf rpe;jhkzp)
fq;if Mbnyd;?
fq;if ahbnyd; fhtpup ahbnyd;
nfhq;Fjz; Fkupj;
Jiw ahbnyd;
Xq;F khfly; XjePH
Mbnyd;
vq;Fk; <rd;
vdhjtHf; fpy;iyNa!
(mg;gH Njthuk;)
vd;id ed;whf ,iwtd; gilj;jdd;
vd;id ed;whf ,iwtd; gilj;jdd;
jd;id ed;whfj; jkpo; nra;AkhNw.
clk;gpid Kd;dk; ,Of;nfd;wp
Ue;Njd;
clk;gpDf; Fs;Ns AWnghUs; fz;Nld;
clk;GNs cj;jkd; Nfhapy;nfhz; lhndd;
clk;gpid ahdpUe; Njhk;Gfpd; NwNd""
cs;sk; ngUq;Nfhapy; CDlk;G
Myak;
ts;sw; gpuhdhHf;F tha;NfhGu thry;
njs;sj; njspe;jhHf;Fr; rPtd;
rptypq;fk;
fs;sg; Gyide;Jk; fhsh kzptpsf;Nf
xd;Nw FyKk; xUtNd NjtDk;
ed;Nw epidkpd; ekdpy;iy ehzhNk
nrd;Nw GFq;fjp
apy;iyEQ; rpj;jj;J
epd;Nw epiyngw
ePH epide; Ja;kpNd!
my;yJk; ey;yJk;
my;yJ nra;jy; xk;Gkpd;
ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wP uhapDk;
my;yJ
nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;
Jiwt Nfs;
jhiog; G+kyHe;jit Nghyg; Gs;
my;Fk; Jiwt Nfs;
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ myHe;jtHf;F cjTjy;
Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ GzHe;jhiug; gpupahik
gz;ngdg; gLtJ ghlwpe; njhOfy;
md;ngdg; gLtJ jd;fpis nrwh mik
mwpntdg; gLtJ NgijahH nrhy; Nehd;wy;
nrwpntdg; gLtJ $wpaJ khwh mik
epiwnadg; gLtJ kiwgpwH mwpahik
Fiwnadg; gLtJ fz;NzhlhJ capHntsty;
nghiwnadg; gLtJ Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy;
fhjy; ngupJ
epyj;jpDk; ngupNj! thdpYk;
caHe;jd;W>
ePupDk; Mu; msT ,d;Nw> rhuy;
fUq;Nfhw; FwpQ;rpg; G+f;nfhz;L
ngUe;Njd; ,iof;Fk; ehlndhL el;Ng
<if vJ?
glkhlf; Nfhapy; gukw;nfhd;W <apd;
elkhlf; Nfhapy; ek;gHf;fq;F Mfh
elkhlf; Nfhapy; ek;gHf;Fxd;W <apd;
glkhlf; Nfhapy; gukHf;F mJ MNk
(jpU%yH jpUke;jpuk; - 1857)
epiwnkhop khe;jH Mizapw; fpse;j
kiw
nkhopjhNd ke;jpuk; vd;g
ed;fyk;
ed;kf;fl; NgW
gilg;Gg; gy gilj;J gyNuhL cz;Zk;
cilg;ngUk; nry;tH MapDk;> ,ilg;glf;
FWFW ele;J> rpWif ePl;b>
,l;Lk;> njhl;Lk;> ft;tpAk;> Joe;Jk;>
nea;cil mbrpy; nka;gl tpjpHj;Jk;>
kaf;FW kf;fis ,y;NyhHf;Fg;
gaf;Fiw
,y;iyj;jhk; thOk; ehNs!
clk;Gk;;
capUk;
clk;nghL capupil vd;d? kw;wd;d
kle;ijnahL
vk;kpil el;G
Fl;L
ahz;L gythf eiuapy MFjy;
ahq;F MfpaH vd tpdTjpH Mapd;
khz;lvd; kidtpnahL kf;fSk; epuk;gpdH
ahd;fzL
midaH vd; ,isaUk; Nte;jDk;
my;yit nra;ahd; fhf;Fk; mjd;jiy
Md;W mtpe;J mlq;fpa nfhs;ifr;
rhd;NwhH gyHahd; thOk; CNu !
mwpT
xd;Nw nja;tk;
Mapuk; nja;tq;fs; cz;nld;W Njb
miyAk; mwptpypfhs;! - gy
Mapuk; Ntjk; mwpTxd;Nw nja;tk; cz;L
Mk;> vdy; NfsPNuh?
kidj;jf;f kidtp
KspjapH gpire;j fhe;js; nky;tpuy;
fOTW fypq;fk;> foh mJ cB,f;>
Ftis cz;fz; Fa;g;Gif fkoj;
jhd;Foe;J ml;l jPk;Gspg; ghfH
",dpJ" vdf; fztd; cz;lypd;>
Ez;zpjpd; kfpo;e;jd;W xs;Ejy; KfNd!
kfd; vq;Nf vd tpdTjp?
rpw;wpy; ew;Whz; gw;wp epd;kfd;
ahz;L csNdh vd;W tpdTjp> vd;kfd;
ahz;Lsd; MapDk; mwpNad;> XUk;
GypNrHe;J Nghfpa fy;mis Nghy
<d;w tapNwh
tpJNt>
Njhd;Wtd; khNjh
NghHf;fsj; jhNd!
,e;jpuH mkpo;jKk; Ntz;lhk;!
cz;lhy; mk;k ,t;Tyfk;> ,e;jpuH
mkpo;jk; ,iatJ MapDk;> ,dpJ vdj;
jkpaH cz;lYk; ,yNu> KdpT ,yH>
JQ;rYk; ,yHgpwH mQ;RtJ mQ;rpg;
Gfo;vdpd; capUk; nfhLf;FtH> gop vdpd;
cyF cld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syH> maHT ,yH>
md;d khl;rp midaH Mfpj;>
jkf;Fvd Kayh Nehd;jhs;
gpwHf;nfd KaYeH cz;ik ahNd
tzpfd;
my;yd;
,k;ik nra;jJ kWikf;F Mk;vDk;
mwtpiy tzpfd; Ma; myd;
rhd;NwhH nrd;w newpnad
Mq;Fg;gl; ld;W mtd; iftz; ikNa.
(ciwA+H
Vzpr;Nrup KlNkhrpahH -Gwk; 134)
gz;G vdg;gLtJ....
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ xd;wye;jtHf;F cjTjy;
Nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ Gze;jhiug; gpupahik
gz;G vdg;gLtJ ghL mwpe;J xOFjy;
md;G vdg;gLtJ jd;fpis nrwhmik
mwpT vdg;gLtJ NgijahH nrhy; Nehd;wy;
nrwpT vdg;gLtJ $wpaJ kwhmik
epiwvd;gLtJ kiwgpwH mwpahik
Kiw vdg;gLtJ fz;NzhlhJ capHntsty;
nghiwvdg;gLtJ Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy;
(nea;jw;fyp)
fghlk; jpwkpNdh?