rhjp kjg

rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs;!

ef;fPud;

(1)

jkpo;r; rpj;jHfisg; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;glhjtHfs; ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs;. rpj;jHfs; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;glhjtHfs; $l rpj;jH ghly;fs; ,uz;nlhd;iwr; nrtp kLj;jpUg;ghHfs;.

ehjHKb Nky; ,Uf;Fk; ehfg; ghk;Ng!
er;Rg;igia itj;j;pUf;Fk; ey;y ghk;Ng!
ghjyj;jpy; FbGFk; ey;y ghk;Ng!
ghbg;ghb epd;W ML ghk;Ng!

jpiug;glj;jpYk; te;J rf;if Nghl;l ghly; ,J. ,ij ,aw;wpatH ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jH.

gjpndz; rpj;jHfs; vd;gJ kuG. Mdhy; mtHfs; ahH ahH vd;gjpy; fUj;J xw;Wik ,y;iy. mjdhy; gjpndl;Lf;Fk;; Nkw;gl;l rpj;jHfs; ngaHfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

xU gok;ghly; gjpnzd; rpj;jHfsJ ngaHfis tupirg;gLj;JfpwJ.

ee;jp> mfj;jpaH> jpU%yH> Gz;zhf;fPuH
ew;wtj;Jg; Gyj;jpaH G+idf; fz;zdhH
,ilf;fhlH> NghfH> Gypf;ifaPrH>
fUT+uhH> nfhq;fzH> fhyhQ;rp
vOfz;zH. mfg;Nga;> ghk;ghl;b
NjiuaH> Fjk;igaH> rl;ilehjH

,e;jr; rpj;jHfs; ahH? mtHfsJ tuyhW vd;d? ,it ngupJk; %L ke;jpukhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,tHfisg; gw;wpa tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; mjpfk; ,y;iy. khwhf mtHfisg; gw;wpa nrtptop fijfNs kpQ;rp epw;fpd;wd. ,tHfsJ fhyk; 10 Mk; Ehw;whz;Lf;Fk; 18 Mk; Ehw;whz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhykhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. jpU%yH fhyk; 10 Mk; Ehw;whz;lhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

rpj;jHfshy; ghlg;ngw;w ngupa Qhdf; Nfhit vd toq;Fk; rpj;jH ghly;fspd; njhFg;G Ehy; xd;Wk; rpy kUj;jt Ehy;fSk; kl;LNk ,d;W fpilf;fpd;wd. gy ghly;fSk; Ehy;fSk; kiwe;J tpl;ld. ,Ue;Jk; ,d;Dk; mr;rpy; tuhj Vl;Lr; Rtbfs; Mapuf; fzf;fpy; ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

rpj;J my;yJ rpj;jp vd;why; Mw;wy;> ntw;wp> if$ly; vd;W xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nghUs; cz;L. xUtH mrhjhuz nraiyr; nra;jhy; mtH rpj;J tpisahl;L nra;fpwhH vd;gJ nghUs;. xUtH NjHtpy; rpj;jp va;jptpl;lhH vd;why; mtH NjHtpy; ntw;wp ngw;Wtpl;lhH vd;W nghUs;. Nghd fhupak; rpj;jp vd;why; Nghd Ntiy if$btpl;lJ vd;W nghUs;.

vdNt rpj;jHfs; vd;why; Nguhw;wy; gilj;jtHfs; vd;W nghUs;. nghJthf ml;lkh rpj;;jpfs; (vz;tif Mw;wy;) ifte;jtHfNs rpj;jHfs; vdg;gLfpwhHfs;.

kfhftp ghujpahH $l jd;id xU rpj;jH vd;W nrhd;dhH.

vdf;F Kd;Nd
rpj;jH gyH ,Ue;jhug;gh!
ahDk; te;Njd; xUrpj;jd;
,e;j ehl;by;

vd;fpwhH. NkYk; jhk; ,aw;wpa Gjpa Mj;jp #bapy; rp;j;jH ghzpapy;-

mr;rk; jtpH
VWNghy; el
nja;tk; eP vd;WzH
epidg;gJ KbAk;

vd mbj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhH.

jkpo;r; rpj;jHfs; kUj;Jtk;> Gtpapay;> ke;jpuk;> je;jpuk;> Qhdk;> Nahfk;> ,urthjk; gw;wp ghly;fs; ghbAs;shHfs;. Mdhy; rKjhaj;ijg; gw;wp ahUk; jdp Ehy; ,aw;wtpy;iy. MapDk; midj;Jr; rpj;jH ghly;fspy; rKjha rPHjpUj;j kWkyHr;rpf; fUj;Jf;fs; kpFe;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

jkpo;r; rpj;jHfsJ rpj;j kUj;Jtk; Gfo;ngw;wJ. rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpy; nrb> nfhb> fdp> fpoq;F> NtH> gl;il Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J kl;;Lk; my;yhJ jq;fk;> cg;G> ghjurk; (mercury ) Nghd;w cNyhfq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; et gh\hzq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; kUe;J jahupfg;gLfpwJ.

jkpo;r; rpj;jHfs; gf;jp khHf;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;whJ Fz;lypdp Nahf khHf;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpdhHfs;. capH kl;Lky;y. clYk; epj;jpakhdJ vd;gJ ,tHfs; Nfhl;ghL. .

rhjp kj Ngjj;ij fLikahff; fz;bj;jhHfs;. kdpj Fyk; xd;W. NjtDk; xd;Nw vd;whHfs;.

irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpy; cs;s rupia fpupia ,uz;ilAk; fz;bj;jhHfs;. cUt topghl;ilr; rhbdhHfs;. Ruz;liyNa Fwpahff; nfhz;l gpuhkzPa rlq;Ffisf; fLikahf vjpHj;jhHfs;.

rpj;jHfspy; jpU%yH Kjd;ik ,lk; tfpf;fpwhH. mtH ghba jpUke;jpuk; 3>027 ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,JNt irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; mbg;gilia tpsf;FfpwJ. 'xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd NjtDk; ed;Nw epidkpd; ekdpy;iy ehzhNk' vd;w ,tuJ $w;W NguwpQH mz;zhTf;Fk; mtH jk;gpkhHf;Fk; rk;kjNk.

mz;zh Ntiyf;fhup jpiug;glj;jpy; rhjpiar; rhLtjw;F jpU%yupd; "xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; vd;w Kof;fj;ijf; ifapy; vLj;jhH.

NjiuaH vd;w rpj;jH vOjpa "Neha;aZfh tpjp;" rpwe;j kUj;Jt Ehy; vd;gH.

,d;ndhU Gfo;ngw;w rpj;jH mfj;jpaH. mfj;jpak; vd;w ,yf;fz Ehy; nra;j mfj;jpaH NtW ,tH NtW. mfj;jpaH vd;w ngaupy; gyH ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

"NjLfpd;w Guhznky;yhk; ngha;Na vd;Nwd;
MLfpd;w jPHj;jnky;yhk; mRj;j nkd;Nwd;"

vd;ghH mfj;jpaH.

'%Hf;fUld; gofhNj ngha; nrhy;yhNj
gpd;Nd eP jpupahNj gpzq;fplhNj'

vd;gJ ef;fPuH $w;W.

jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpy; ,d;Wk; ngU Nehahf cs;s rhjpia rpj;jHfs; fLikahf rhbapUf;fpwhHfs;. Nky; rhjp fPo; rhjp> rhjpf;Fs; rhjp ,tw;iw md;Nw ngha; vdj; Jzpe;J rhba newp rpj;jHfsJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

'rhjp Fykpy;iy> rw;FUtwpe;jhy;'

'rhjpg; gpuptpdpNy jPia %l;LNthk;'

'rhjpNgjk; vd;gnjhd;W rw;Wkpy;;iy ,y;iyNa'

vdg; gyH rpj;jHfs; rhjpf; nfhLikia vjpHj;J Fuy; nfhLj;Js;shHfs;. rhjpg; gpupit kpFjpg;gLj;jp tsHf;Fk; rlq;F> Mrhu> rhj;jpuf; Fg;igfshy; jPikNaad;wp mZtsTk; ed;id ,y;iy vd;whHfs;.

'fiyAiuj;j fw;gidia epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk;
fz;%bg; gof;fnky;yhk; kz; %bg; Nghf'

vd mUl;ngUQ; Nrhjp jdpg; ngUq; fUiz vd;w rkur rd;khHf;fj;ijf; fhl;ba ,uhkypq;f mbfs; $WfpwhH.

,d;ndhU Gfo;ngw;w rpj;jH rptthf;fpaH. Mdhy; ,tuJ ngaH gjpnzd; rpj;jHfspd; gl;baypy; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.. ,Ue;Jk; rpj;jHfspy; ,tH xU mjpjPtpug; Nghf;Fila rpj;jH MthH. xU rpy rpj;jH ghly;fs; gjpg;Gf;fspy; ,tuJ ngaH Kjy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

nkhj;j rpj;jHfspd; vz;zpf;if 50 f;F Nky; ,Uf;fpwJ!

rptthf;fpaH rhjp> rkak;> Nfhapy;> Fsk;> ke;jpuk; je;jpuk;> Mrhuk; rlq;F Nghd;w FUl;L ek;gpf;iffis kpfTk; fLikahfj; jhf;fpa Gul;rpahsH. xt;nthU ghly;fspYk; %l ek;gpf;iffSf;F vjpuhd mtuJ rPw;wk;> ntWg;G Jyhk;gukhfj; njupfpwJ.

,jdhy; muz;L Nghd irt MjPdq;fs; ehl;bYs;s rptthf;fpaH ghly;fs; mlq;fpa Vl;Lr; Rtbfis Njb vLj;Jf; nfhSj;jpdhHfs;.

rpj;jHfspd; ghly;fs; Xir eak; kpf;fit. goF jkpopy; ghlg;gl;lit. ,Ue;Jk; kiwnghUs; nghUs; nfhz;lit. ghly;fisg; gbf;Fk; NghJ Neubahf xU nghUSk; kiwKfkhf ,d;ndhU nghUSk; ,Uf;ff; fhzyhk;.

'el;l fy;iy Rw;wp te;J ehY Gl;gk; rhj;jpNa
Rw;wp te;J nkhnznkhnzd;W nrhy;Yk; ke;jpuk; Vjlh?
el;l fy;Yk; NgRNkh? ehjd; cs;spUf;ifapy;
Rl;l rl;b rl;Ltk; fwpr; Rit mwpANkh?'

rptthf;fpaH ghba ,e;jg; ghly; ehlwpe;j ghly;.

Rl;l rl;bAk; mjpy; NtFfpd;w fwpiaf; fpsWfpd;w fuz;bAk; me;jf; fwpr;Ritia mwpahjJ Nghy> guk;nghUs; ek; cs;sj;Nj ,Uf;f mij mwpahky; fw;rpiyf;F ehd;F tif kyHfs; rhw;WtJk; mijr; Rw;wp te;J KZ KZf;Fk; ke;jpuk; vq;Fs;sJ?

el;l fy; NgRNkh? NgrhJ!

,t;thW cUt topghl;il kWj;J rptthf;fpaH ehj;jpfthjk; NgRfpwhH. ,t;thW 534 ghly;fspy; rptthf;fpaH cUt topghl;ilAk; rlq;FfisAk; mQ;rhJ rhb r%f rPHjpUj;jf; fUj;Jf;fis tpijj;Js;shH.

rptthf;fpaH gw;wpa tho;f;iff; Fwpg;G xd;Wk; fpilj;jpyJ. mtuJ ,aw;ngaH> CH> ngw;NwhH ngaH njupatpy;iy. rptthf;fpak; vd;w ,tuJ Ehypd; fhg;Gr; nra;Aspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ngaupNyNa ,tH rptthf;fpaH vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwhH.

rptthf;fpaH jhAkhdtuhy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ngUik ngw;wtH. (tsUk;)

rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs; (2)

rhjpAk; jP;z;lhikAk; ,e;J kjj;ij gPbj;Js;s Neha;fs;!

,d;W cyfpy; mjpNtfkhf tsHe;J tUk; kjk; ,];yhk;. ,J Nfl;gjw;F frg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; mJjhd; cz;ik. ,jw;F me;j kjj;jpd; vspik. vy;yhk; ty;y> vy;yhk; njupe;j> vq;Fk; epiwe;j> cUtk; mw;w xU flTis tzq;FtJ fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

,];yhk; kjj;jpd; Ntj Ehy; Fuhd; kl;LNk. muG nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l Fuhdpy; 114 mj;jpahaq;fs;> 6>666 trdq;fs;> 1>709 gf;fq;fs;> 336>233 nrhw;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Fuhid fgpupay; vd;w Njt Jhjd; 23 Mz;L (fp.gp. 610-fp.gp.632) fhyg; gFjpapy; KfkJ egpf;F mUspajhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

fpwpj;jt kjj;jpd; Ntj Ehy;fspd; vz;zpf;if 66. mj;jpahaq;fs; 1>709. trdq;fs; 31>173. gf;fq;fs; 1>709> nrhw;fs; 774>746 fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 66 Gj;jfq;fSk; (27 gioa Vw;ghL) 3 nkhopfspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 1>500 Mz;L fhyk; vOjg;gl;lJ. gioa Vw;ghl;il `Pg;G& nkhopapy; vOjpa Kjy; kdpjH Nkhr];. mij vOjp Kbf;f 1>000 Mz;Lfs; vLj;jJ. mjpy; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; mwhkpf; (Aramic) nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;lJ. gioa Vw;ghL fp.K. 300 Mz;lstpy; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; nkhop ngaHf;fg;gl;lJ. Gjpa Vw;ghL fp.gp. 50-fp.gp. 100 ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpapy; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;lJ.

irtrkaj;jpd; mbg;gil Ehy;fs; Ntjq;fSk; rpthfkq;fSk; MFk;. 'Ntj ed;fpDk; nga;g; nghUshtJ" vd;w rk;ge;jH Njtuhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l ,Uf;F> aRH> rhkk;> mjHtzk; vd;w ehy; Ntjq;fisAk; tpahrH njhFj;jjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.

xt;nthU NtjKk; ehd;F gFjpfisf; nfhz;lit. mit ke;jpuq;fs;> gpukhzq;fs;> Muz;aq;fs;> cgepljq;fs; vdg;gLk;.

,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; 1>028 ghRuq;fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; ,e;jpuDf;F 250> mf;dpf;F 200> NrhkDf;F 120> tUzDf;F 12 ghRuq;fs; ghlg; ngw;Ws;sd.

,e;jg; ghRuq;fs; nts;is epwj;jtuhd MupaHfs; jq;fs; fUg;G epw vjpupfshd j];A+f;fis mopf;FkhWk; mg;gb mopj;j flTsHf;F Nrhkghdk; gilj;J ed;wp ghuhl;Ltd MFk;.

X! cyfk; Nghw;Wk; ,e;jpuNd!R\;&tid vjpHj;j ,UgJ fWg;G murHfisAk; mtHfsJ mWgjpdhapuj;Jj; njhz;Z}w;wpnahd;gJ gilfisAk; eP cd; NjH rf;fuj;Jf;F ,iuahf;fp eRffpf; nfhd;W MupaHfSf;F cjtpGupe;jha;.�

(,Uf;F Ntjk; kz;lyk; I ke;jpuk; 53> ];Nyhfk; 9 mjHtzNtjk; fhz;lk; XX ke;jpuk; 21> RNyhfk; 9)

Nrhkd; vd;gJ cUtfk;. Nrhkr; nrbapy; ,Ue;J gpope;J vLf;fg;gLk; fs;isf; Fwpg;gJ. mij MupaHfs; jhq;fSk; Fbj;J flTsHf;Fk; gilj;jhHfs;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ehd;F Ntjf; flTsHf;Fk; topghL ,g;NghJ ,y;iy vd;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ.

Ntjhq;fq;fs; MW

1) rpf;if -          Ntjq;fis cr;rupf;Fk; Kiw.
2) fw;gk; -         Ntjf; fUkq;fis mDl;bg;gijf; $Wk;.
3) tpahfuzk; -      Ntjq;fspd; vOj;Jr; nrhw;fspd; ,yf;fzq;fisf; $WtJ.
4) epUj;jk; -         tjq;fspy; cs;s nrhw;fspd; nghUis mwptpg;gJ.
5) re;Njhtprpjp -     Ntjq;fspd; fhaj;jpup> mjd; re;jq;fs;> vOj;jpd; msT vd;gtw;iwf; $WtJ.
6) Nrhjplk; -        Ntj ke;jpuq;fisr; nrhy;tjw;F fhyq;fisf; Fwpg;gJ.

Ntjj;jpd; cghfkq;fs; ehd;F

1) gjpndz; Guhzk; - rptd;> tpl;Z> gpukd;> #upad;> mf;fpdp ,tHfspd; Mw;wy; gw;wp gbg;gwpT Fiwe;jtHfSf;F tpsq;f

                   itg;gJ
2) epahak; -          Ntjg; nghUis epl;rapg;gjw;F cjTtJ.
3) kPkhQ;ir          Ntjg; nghUspd; jhHg;gupaj;ij mwpa cjTtJ.
4) ];kpUjp -          ehy; tUzk;> Mr;rpukq;fSf;Fupa jHkq;fisf; $WtJ.

cg Ntjq;fs; ehd;F

1) MAH Ntjk; -    itj;jpa Ehy;
2) jDH Ntjk; -    gilf;fyg; gapw;rp gw;wpa Ehy;. jDH vd;why; tpy; vd;W nghUs;.
3) fhe;jUt Ntjk; - flTSf;Fk; kdpjUf;Fk; cupa ,iria mwptpg;gJ.
4) mUj;j Ntjk; -   ,k;ik kWikf;F cupa nghUs; rk;ghjpj;jy; njhlHghd rhj;jpuq;fisf; $WtJ.

kiw nghUl; Nfhl;ghLfis mwpTWj;Jk; cg epljq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 108. mjpy; 12 rpwg;ghdit. ,e;j cg epljq;fNs Ntjhe;jk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

rpthfkq;fs; 28. ,it rptngUkhdpd; Ie;J jpUKfq;fspy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpait vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ. mit ehd;F ghjq;fisf; nfhz;lit.

1) Qhdghjk; -    Kg;nghUs; cz;ik
2) Nahfghjk; -    ml;lhq;f rptNahfk;
3) fpupahghjk; -    ke;jpuq;fspd; cj;jhuk;> re;jpahte;jdk;> G+ir> nrgk;> mHr;rid> Mrhupa> mgpNrfk;
4) rupahghjk; -    rkahrhuq;fis cgNjrpf;fpwJ

rptid Ntjj;NjhL ,izj;Jk; topghl;bid Mfkj;Jld; NrHj;Jk; nrhy;tJ irtj;jpd; nghJg; Nghf;fhFk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt irtj;Jf;F Ntjk; nghJ> Mfkk; rpwg;G vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

rpthfkq;fspd; top Ehy;fs; 207. rpthfkq;fspd; rhHG Ehy;fs; 8. gd;dpU jpUKiwfs; Ntjj;jpd; top my;yJ rhHG Ehy;fshFk;. 11 Mk; jpUKiwapy; NrHf;fg;gl;Ls;s 'jpUKfg;ghRuk;' rptdhy; mUsg;gl;lJ vd;gH. vQ;rpait rptQhdk; iftug;ngw;w Qhdpfshy; ghlg;gl;lit. NtjhfNk jkpo; Ntjkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,tw;iwtpl Ntjq;fs;> rpthfkq;fs;> Guhzq;fs;> jpUKiwfs; topte;j 14 rpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuq;fSk; cz;L.

,tw;iw jpUtpaYhH ca;ate;j NjtH (jpUTe;jpahH) jpUf;flT+H ca;ate;j NjtH (jpUf;fspw;Wg; ghbahH) nka;fz;l NjtH (rptQhdNghjk;)

mUze;jp rpthr;rhupahH (rptQhd rpj;jpahH> ,UghypUgJ)jpUtjpif kdthrfk; fle;jhH (cz;ik tpsf;fk;)

kiwQhd rk;ge;jH (rjkzpj;jpul;L)

ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahH (rptg;gpufhrk; Kjy; rq;fw;g epuhfuzk; <whf 8 rhj;jpuq;fs;).

,tHfs; 13-14 tJ Ehw;whz;Lfspy; tho;e;jtHfs;.

gjpdhd;F rpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuq;fspd; %yKk; ciuAk; nfhz;l Ehy; kl;Lk; 1206 gf;fq;fs; nfhz;lit.

Fuhid Kad;why; nel;LUr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. iggpis gbf;f khjq;fs; vLf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,e;J Ntjhfkq;fisg; gbf;f tho;ehs; NghjhJ!

Nfhapy; mHr;rfHfs; cl;gl Ntjhfkq;fisg; gbj;j irtHfis tpuy; tpl;L vz;zptplyhk;.

gjp (,iwtd;) gR (capH) ghrk; (Mztk;> khia> fd;kk;)

Mjp rq;fuupd; (fp.gp. 788-820) mj;Jitjk; (capHfSk; cyfKk; gpukj;jpd; Njhw;wNk vd;w khahthjk;. ,uz;ld;ik)

rq;fuupd; mj;Jitjj;ij kWf;Fk; ,uhkDrupd; (fp.gp. 1017-1137) tprpl;lhj;Jitjk; (rpj;J mrpj;J ,uz;Lk; <RtuDk; xd;Nw)

kj;Jtupd; (fp.gp. 1199-1278) Jitjk; (rPthd;khTk; gukhd;khTk; NtW NtW) ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfis gbj;J nghUs; czHe;J nfhz;ltHfs; mupJ.

,jdhy; irt rkaj;jtHfs; mHr;rid mgpNrfk; Nghd;w rupia fpupifNahL epd;W tpLfpwhHfs;.

,];yhk;> fpwpj;jtk;> ,e;J rkaq;fSf;F ,ilapy; xU xw;Wik cs;sJ. mJ mtHfsJ kj Ehy;fs; me;je;j kjf; flTs; thf;F vd;gJ. Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; jhNk Njhd;wpait. kdpjHfshy; ,aw;wg;glhky; ,iwtdhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lit vd;W irt rpj;jhe;jk; $WfpwJ.

Nja;e;J tUfpw rkaq;fspy; ,e;J rkak; Kd;dzpapy; epw;fpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; me;j kjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tHz NgjKk; rhjp mikg;Gk; tlnkhop -gpuhkzpa Nkyhz;ikAk; MFk;.

fle;j Ig;grp 16Mk; ehs; nguk;gY}H Jiwkq;fyk; mUNf jpUr;rp- nrd;id Njrpa neLQ;rhiyapd; fpof;F gFjpapy; ele;j Gj;j khehl;by; Ehw;Wf; fzf;fhd jypj; ,e;Jf;fs; nkhl;il mbj;J Gj;j kjj;jpy; ,ize;jdH.

nguk;gY}H khtl;l mk;Ngj;fH ,isQH Kd;dzp jkpo;ehL mikg;gpdUk;> gd;dhl;L gTj;j ,isQH ,af;fk; Mfpad ,ize;J ,e;j epfo;r;rpia elj;jpaJ.

,jw;fhd tpohTf;F mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fH ,isQH Kd;dzp khepy jiytH Nf.fe;jrhkp jiyik jhq;fpdhH. lhf;lH NtZ mz;zhkiy Kd;dpiy tfpj;jhH. Nf.gp.jk;knrd; tuNtw;whH.

',e;j kj khw;w epfo;r;rp xU Muk;gk; jhd;. jho;j;jg;gl;l ,dj;jtUf;F ,d;Dk; r%f ePjp fpilf;ftpy;iy. jPz;lhik ,d;Dk; xopatpy;iy. fpuhkq;fspy; ,d;Dk; ,ul;il jk;sH Kiw cs;sJ. ,e;j Vw;wj;jho;Tfis Nghf;fj;jhd; jho;j;jg;gl;NlhH Gj;j kjj;jpy; NrUfpd;wdH. ,e;jpahtpy; Njhd;wpa Gj;j kjj;ij GJg;gpf;fpNwhk;. jkpofj;jpd; midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk; Gj;j klq;fs; fl;l KbT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ' vd;W' jiytH fe;jrhkp $wpdhH.

gTj;j NjuH ghjpjk;kh kw;Wk; gTj;j NjuHfs; Gj;jH rpiyf;F mgpNrfk; nra;jdH. mLj;J mk;Ngj;fH rpiyf;F khiy mzptpj;J ghypnkhopapy; ke;jpuk; XjpdH. gpd;dH Gj;j kjj;jpy; Nru tpUk;gpa midtUk; gTj;j NjuH Nghjpjk;kh jiyikapy; 22 cWjpnkhopfisr; nra;J jPl;ir ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldH.

lhf;lH gp.MH. mk;Ngj;fhH ehf;G+upy; 1956 Ig;grp 15 ,y; jdJ 800>000 MjuthsHfNshL ,e;J kjj;ij iftpl;L Gj;jkjj;jpy; NrHe;J nfhz;lhH. ,e;J kjj;jpy; GiuNahbg; Ngha;tpl;l rhjp> jPz;lhik> %lek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk; rlq;Ffs; ,tw;wpy; ,Ue;J tpLglNt ,e;j kjkhw;wk; ,lk; ngw;wjhf mg;NghJ mk;Ngj;fhH $wpdhH.

,e;j kjkhw;wk; gw;wp irt MjPdq;fs; ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. fhQ;rp fhkNfhb gPlk; Jf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. irt-,e;J mikg;Gf;fs; tUj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;J guprj; myl;bf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.

kjkhw;wk; vd;gJ jiyapbf;F jiyaizia khw;wpf; nfhs;tJ Nghd;wJ. kjq;fs; vd;gJ xNu Fl;ilapy; CWk; kl;ilfs;jhd;. Mdhy; xg;gPl;lstpy; ,e;J kjk; vd;w kl;ilapd; ehw;wk; Fkl;ly; vLf;f itf;fpwJ. xUtdJ xOf;fj;ij my;yhJ gpwg;it itj;J Fyj;Jf;F xxU ePjp nrhy;Yk; kjk; ,e;J kjk; xd;Wjhd;.

Gj;j kjj;jpy; kl;Lky;y ,];yhk; kjj;jpw;Fk; jkpo;j; jypj;Jfs; khwp tUfpwhHfs;. jkpo;ehl;by; Gj;jkjj;jpdH kpf kpff; FiwT. Mdhy; fpwpj;jtHfSk; ,];yhkpaHfSk; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; 11 tpOf;fhL ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

1981 rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kPdhl;rpGuj;ijr; NrHe;j 180 jypj; FLk;gq;fs; Kw;whf ,];yhk; kjj;ij jOtpaJ. ,e;j KbTf;F cldbf; fhuzk; Nkyf;fiu NjtH rhjpiar; NrHe;j 2 NgH nfhy;yg;gl;lij mLj;J jypj; kf;fs; kPJ Vtp tplg;gl;l td;KiwNa.

,e;j kjkhw;wk; Njrpa mstpy; ngupa mjpHtiyfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mly; gpfhH th[;gha; cl;gl gy Njrpaj; jiytHfs; me;j CUf;Fr; nrd;W kjk; khwpatHfsJ kdij khw;w Kaw;rpj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; mtHfs; ,e;J xLf;FKiwf;F kPz;Lk; jpUk;g khl;Nlhk; vd;W cWjpahfr; nrhy;yptpl;lhHfs;. (Indian Express)

xU khjk; fopj;J ,uhkehjGuk; cj;jkNfhrkq;if ,uNthL ,uhthf nkhfkJGukhf khwpaJ. 150 jypj; FLk;gq;fs; ,];yhk; kjj;ij jOtpaJ.

fle;j Mz;L `upahdh khepyk; Jypahdh vd;w ,lj;jpy; 5 jypj; kf;fs; rhjp ,e;Jf;fshy; nfh^ukhff; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. ,ijapl;L fUj;Jj; njuptpj;j tp\;t ,e;J guprj; jiytH xUtH 'xU jypj;jpd; ngWkjp xU gRtpd; ngWkjpf;Ff; FiwthdJ' vd;W Mztj;NjhL nrhd;dhH.

rhjp ,e;Jf;fs; jypj; kf;fis kl;Lky;y mtHfs; tzq;Fk; khld;> fhld;> fhj;jtuhad;> mk;kd;> ma;adhH Nghd;w nja;tq;fisAk; jPz;lg;glhj nja;tq;fshfg; ghHf;fpwhHfs;. etuhj;jpup G+irapd; NghJ rhjpf; flTsHfs; ' jPl;Lg;gl;l' jypj; nja;tq;fisg; 'ghHf;fhj' tz;zk; fUj;jr; rPiyahy; %lg;gLfpd;wdH!

jpUr;rp khtl;lk; jpz;zpak; vd;w Cupy; caHrhjp ,e;J Kjyhspaplk; $yp Nfl;l xU jypj; njhopyhspapd; njhz;ilf;Fs; kyk; jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

'rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh - Fyj; jho;r;rp caHr;rp nrhy;yy; ghtk;! vd;W ghba ghujp gpwe;j ehl;by;>

'rhjpg; gpuptpdpNt jPia %l;LNthk; re;ij ntspapdpNy Nfhiy ehl;LNthk;'

vd;W rhba ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jH gpwe;j kz;zpy; ,e;j mUtUg;ghd> mehfupfkhd nfhLik ele;jJ. ,e;j epfo;it tpLjiyr; rpWj;ijfs; jiytH njhy;. jpUkhtstd; fdlhtpw;F te;;jpUe;jNghJ kpFe;j NtjidNahL Fwpg;gpl;lhH.

rhjpAk; jPz;lhikAk; ,e;J kjj;jpj;jpy; gbe;Js;s fiwfs; vd;W cyf cj;jkH fhe;jp nrhd;dhH. NtjKk; kD ];kpUjpNa ,e;J rKjhaj;jpy; vz;zw;w rhjpfis cUthf;fpaJ.

gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfshf ,e;J kjj;jpd; rhjpf; nfhLikf;Fk; jPz;lhikf;Fk; ,iuahfpa jypj; kf;fNs mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J jg;g kjk; khWfpwhHfs;.

,e;J kjj;ijg; gPbj;Js;s Neha;fisg; gw;wp vOjpdhy; 'ghH ghH Kof;fk; VL irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; mopf;fpwJ' vd;W rpyH thapYk; tapw;wpYk; mbj;Jf; nfhz;L xg;ghup itf;fpwhHfs;.

mg;gbg;gl;ltHfs; vq;fs; kPJ ghahky; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; ahH mopf;fpwhHfs; vjdhy; mop;fpwJ vd;gij Mu mku rpe;jpj;J ,uz;ilAk; fhg;ghw;w NehiaAk;> Nehapd; %y fhuzj;ijAk;> mijj; jPHf;Fk; cghaj;jpidAk; mwpe;J gpioglhky; itj;jpak; nra;a Kd;tuNtz;Lk;.

rpj;jH fl;Liuj; njhliug; gbj;J tpl;L gy thrfHfs; ghuhl;b vOjpAs;shHfs;.

,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J fz;zk;kh vd;w thrfH rhjpg; Nga; xspe;Jtpl;ljh? xope;J tpl;ljh? vd;W Nfl;L vOjpapUf;fpwhH.

,e;jpahtpYk; jkpofj;jpYk; rhjp xopatpy;iy. jkpoPok;> fdlh cl;gl Gyk;ngaH ehLfspy; rhjp xspe;J ,Uf;fpwJ! mjdhy;jhd; ,e;jf; fl;Liuj; njhlUf;F 'rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs;' vd;W jiyg;Gf; nfhLj;Njd;.

rhjp kjg; Ngia Xl;ba rpj;jHfs; vd;W vOjtpy;iy. Nga; ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. (njhlUk;)

rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs; (3)

,e;J kjj;jpy; ehy; tHzk; mjd; Mzp NtH! rhjpfs; ry;yp NtHfs;!

nrd;w fpoik lhf;lH mk;Ngj;fhH 1981 Mk; Mz;L Ig;grp 15 ,y; jdJ 800>000 MjuthsHfNshL ,e;J kjj;ij cjwptpl;L

Gj;j kjj;ij jOtpdhH vd vOjpapUe;Njd;.

'ehd; ,e;Jthf rhf khl;Nld;!;' vd;W $wp mg;Ngj;fhH kjk; khwpa ehs; xt;nthU Mz;Lk;

mNj ehf;G+upy; rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j tpohtpy; ntspehL kw;Wk; ehl;bd; gy gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J ,yl;rf;fzf;fhNdhH fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,e;j Mz;L eilngw;w tpohtpy; 65>000 Mapuj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,e;J jypj; kf;fs; Gj;j kjj;ij jOtpdhHfs;.

,e;j rpwg;G epfo;r;rpapy; ag;ghdpy; gpwe;J ,e;jpahtpy; tjpAk; Gj;j rd;dpahrp ghe;jp ehfhHRd; Ruha;rrha; Gj;j kjj;ij jOtpatHfSf;F rhd;wpjo;fisAk; toq;fpdhH.

Gj;jkjj;ij jOTfpwtHfs; 22 cWjp nkhopfis vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;.

gpukd;> tp\;Z> rptd; Nghd;Nwhiu flTs; vd;W fUjNth topglNth khl;Nld;.

fTup> fzgjp Nghd;Nwhiu flTs; vd;W fUjNth topglNth khl;Nld;.

,uhkd;> fpU\;zd; ,UtiuAk; flTs; mtjhuk; vLf;fpwhH vd;gij ehd; ek;g khl;Nld;.

gfthd; Gj;jH kfhtp\;Ztpd; mtjhuk; vd;gij ek;gkhl;Nld;. mg;gb gug;Giu nra;tJ FWk;Gj;jdKk; ngha;ahdJk; MFk;.

ehd; xU NghJk; rpuhHj;jk; nra;a khl;Nld;.

gTj;j Nfhl;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf xU NghJk; elf;f khl;Nld;.

gpuhkzHfshy; elj;jg;gLk; fpupiffs; vjidAk; Vw;f khl;Nld;.

midtUk; rkk; vd;w nfhs;ifia ehd; ek;GfpNwd;.

rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;jg; ghLgLNtd;.

Gj;j gfthdpd; ml;lhq;f khHf;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;WNtd;.

jUkj;jpd; jrrPyq;fis gpd;gw;WNtd;.

vy;yh capHfs; kPJk; fUiz fhl;LNtd;. mtw;iw Kbe;j kl;Lk; fhg;ghw;WNtd;.

ngha; nrhy;ykhl;Nld;.

jpUl khl;Nld;.

fhkj;jpy; coy khl;Nld;;. ghy; czHtpy; mj;JkPw khl;Nld;.

Nghij jUk; FbiaNah kJitNah ehd; mUe;jkhl;Nld;.

Kbe;j kl;Lk; vdJ tho;f;ifia gTj;j nfhs;if. fUiz ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l cgNjrq;fSf;F ,zq;f mikj;Jf; nfhs;Ntd;.

ghHg;gdH jtpHj;j gpw kdpjHfis fPohd gpwtpfs; vd;W fUJtJk; rkj;Jtkw;w epiyapy; ek;gpf;if cilaJk; kdpjHfspd; tpLjiyf;Ff; Nflhf ,Ug;gJkhd ,e;J kjj;ij ehd; iftpl;Ltpl;L Gj;j khHf;fj;ijf; iff;nfhs;fpNwd;.

gTj;j jUkNk rpwe;j kjk; vd;gij ehd; Kw;whf ek;GfpNwd;.

ehd; ,d;W kWgpwtp vLj;Js;Nsd; vd;gij ek;GfpNwd;.

ehd; ,d;W Kjy; gTj;j jUkk; cgNjrpg;gJNghy; xOFNtd;.

gTj;jk; xU khHf;fNk jtpu kjky;y. mJ gpw;fhyj;jpy; kjkhf;fg;gl;lJ.

gFj;jwpTthjpahd Gj;jH nja;tk; Mf;fg;gl;lhH. mtuJ Kd;ida gpwg;Gf;fisg; gw;wp ek;gKbahj fw;gidf; fijfis mtuJ rPlHfs; vOjp itj;jhHfs;.

gTj;jk; rKjha rkj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fisg; gug;GfpwJ. epw mbg;gilapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l Ntw;Wikiaj; jfHf;fpwJ. mjd; cl;gpupthd rhjp tuk;Gfis kWf;fpwJ. gpwg;ghy; xUtd; gpuhkzd; MfKbahJ. xOf;fj;jhy; kl;LNk xUtd; gpuhkzdhf KbAk; vd gTj;jk; nrhy;fpwJ.

gTj;jk; Mz; ngz; ,ilNa ghy; mbg;gilapyhd NtWghl;il mfw;wpaJ.

Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fs; gTj;j rq;fj;jpy; Jwtpfshfr; NrHf;fg; gl;lhHfs;.

gTj;jk; kdpjdJ tpidf;F mtNd fhuzk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ey;yJ nra;jhy; ey;tpidg; gad; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; jPaJ nra;jhy; jPtpidg; gad; NrUk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Gj;jH Qhdk; ngw;wgp;d;dH ehd;F tha;ikfis Nghjpj;jhH.

KyhtJ tha;ik - gpwj;jy; Jd;gk;. gpzp Jd;gk;. jsHr;rp Jd;gk;. kuzk; Jd;gk;. Ntz;lhtw;NwhL gpzpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJk;> Ntz;Ltdtw;wpypUeJ gpupf;fg;gl;bUg;gJk; Jd;gk;. tpioT $lhik Jd;gk;. RUq;ff; $wpd; cUtk;> EfHr;rp> Fwpg;G> ghtid cs;stwpthfpa tpQ;Qhdk; vd;w Ie;Jk; Jd;gk; jUtd. Mjyhy; gpf;FfNs Jd;gk; csJ.

,uz;lhtJ tha;ik - ,e;jj; Jd;gq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk; gpwg;gPDk; tpj;jhfpa mth my;yJ Ntl;if. rpw;wpd;gk; tpUk;Gk; Ntl;if. capHtho tpUk;Gk; Ntl;if. jpU\;b vd;w mopTj;jd;ikia Ntz;Lk; Ntl;if. ,e;j %d;Wtpj Ntl;ifAk; Jf;fj;Jf;F fhuzk;. vdNt Jf;f fhuzk; csJ.

%d;whtJ tha;;ik - jd;dplj;jpy; cz;lhd Miria mfw;wpdhy; Jf;f epthuzk; csJ.

ehd;fhtJ tha;ik - ,e;j Jf;f epthuzj;Jf;F topAz;L. mJNt ml;lhq;f Jf;f epthuz khHf;fk;. mitahtd ew;fhl;rp> ey;Yhw;wk;> ey;tha;ik> ew;nra;if> ey;tho;f;if> ed;Kaw;rp> ew;filg;gpb> ey;YsNjhH jiyg;ghL. (,J gw;wp NkYk; mwpa tpUk;GgtHfs; rhj;jdhH vOjpa kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;ijg; gbf;fTk;)

vy;yhk; ty;y gilg;Gf; flTs; xUtH cz;L vd;W gTj;jk; ek;Gtjpy;iy. cyiff; flTs; gilj;jhH vdf; $WtJ flTis ahH gilj;jhH vd xUtiuf; Nfl;f itf;Fk;.

mz;lj;ijg; gilj;jtH flTs; vd;gij Gj;jH xg;Gf; nfhz;lhuh vd;gJ Nfs;tp. ',y;iy' vd;gNj gjpy;. mtH xg;Gf; nfhs;stpy;iy. gilg;G flTspd;wpNa cyfk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ Gj;jupd; thf;F. gTj;jk; rpe;jpj;jiy> Nfs;tp Nfl;gij kw;Wk; gFj;jwpit Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.

'vd;dhy; epUthzj;Jf;Fupa topiaj;jhd; fhl;l KbAk;. me;jg; ghijapy; elg;gJ cq;fs; nghWg;G' vd;whH Gj;jH.

muz;kidapy; gpwe;J gl;lhil cLj;jp> nghd;dhguzk; mzpe;J> ghy;> gok; gUfp> mWRit tpUe;Jz;L> gd;dPupy; nfhg;gspj;J> kQ;rj;jpy; gLj;Jwq;fp> Mir kidahNshLk;> md;Gf; Foe;ijNahLk; Mbg;ghb mur tho;f;if tho;e;j rpj;jhHj;jd; mtw;iwj; Jwe;J> kQ;rs; mq;fp mzpe;J> gpr;rh ghj;jpuk; Ve;jp> tPjpNjhWk; ele;J> tPLNjhWk; gpr;ir vLj;J tho;e;jhH.

gTj;jk; Nghy; my;yhJ ,e;J kjj;jpy; rhjp GiuNahbg; Ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ. mJ me;j kjj;ij mupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpw Gw;W Neha;.

njhl;lhy; jPl;L> epoy; gl;lhy; jPl;L> ghHj;jhy; jPl;L ,g;gb vy;yhNk jPl;Lj;jhd;.

,e;jpahtpy; 101 Nfhb kf;fs; tho;fpwhHfs;. ,tHfspy; 85 tpOf;fhL ,e;Jf;fs;. mjpy; RkhH 20 tpOf;fhL jypj; kf;fs;.

vdNt ,g;NghJ eilngWk; kjkhw;wk; kioj; Jhthdk; Nghy; njupayhk;. Mdhy; mJ ngU kioahfg; nga;ayhk;..

Vw;fdNt Kk; %Hj;jpfs;> Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb NjtHfs;> ,e;jpud;> re;jpud;> tUzd;> mf;dp> gpuf];gjp> fpd;duH> fpk;GUlH vd tho;e;j gue;j fz;lk; RkhH 700 Mz;Lfs; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;Lf; fple;jjhy; mJ %d;W Jz;lhf ntl;lg;gl;L tpl;lJ.

,jpy; ,uz;L Jz;Lfspy; ,];yhkpa FbauRfs;. vQ;rpa ,e;jpahtpy; 85 tpOf;fhL kl;Lk; ,e;Jf;fs;.

,e;j kjkhw;wk; ghjp fl;lahj;jpd; Ngupy; ele;jpUf;fyhk;. kPjp gzk;> rYif> gjtpNghd;wtw;Wf;F Mirg;gl;L khwp ,Uf;fyhk;. rhjp mlf;FKiwapy; ,Ue;J jg;gTk; kj khw;wk; ele;jpUf;fyhk;.

rhjp ,e;J kjj;jpd; cs;fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. Ntjq;fSk;> ];kpUjpfSk; tHz Ngjk; fw;gpf;f gpd;dH mJ rhjpfshfg; ngUfpd.

,e;J kjj;jpy; ehy; tHzk; mjd; Mzp NtH. rhjpfs; ry;yp NtHfs;.

,e;jpahtpy; 6>400 rhjpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd cr;r ePjpkd;wk; $wpaJ. kz;ly; mwpf;if 3000 Fk; mjpfkhd rhjpg;gl;baiy ntspapl;l NghJ ',e;J' ehNsL tpag;NghL mNj rkak; mtek;gpf;ifNahL vOjpaJ.

cyfpy; ',e;J muR' vd murpayikg;gpy; vOjp itj;jpUf;Fk; xNu ehL Neghsk;. murdhfj; jk;ik Mf;fpf;nfhs;s Mirg;gl;l gpupj;tp ehuhaz; \h vd;gtd; ehd;F tUzq;fSld; 36 rhjpfisAk; nfhz;l ,e;J kj mikg;ig Neghsj;jpy; cz;lhf;fp mur guk;giuia tp\;Ztpd; Ml;rp vd;W Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;.

Mdhy;> ,e;J kjj;jpy; rptd; KOKjy; flTs;. mtuJ thfdk; vUJ. ,jdhy; Neg;ghsj;jpy; fhis khl;il fk;ghy; mbf;ff; $lhJ. mg;gb mLj;jhy; Fw;wk;. Vupy; g+l;b cof; $lhJ. mg;gb cOjhy; Fw;wk;. tz;bapy; g+l;b Xl;lf; $lhJ. mg;gb G+l;b Xl;bdhy; Fw;wk;. fhis khl;il nfhy;yf; $lhJ. mg;gbf; nfhd;why; mJ kuz jz;lidf;Fupa Fw;wk;.

,g;gb Vd; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ? Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. Neg;ghs kd;dH kD ];kpUjp tpjpfspd; gb murhs;fpwhH.

rup Neg;ghs kd;dHjhd; ,g;gb? ehq;fs; Nkil NjhWk; Nghw;wp ngUikg;gLk; Nru> Nrho> ghz;baH Ml;rpapy; vd;d ele;jJ?

%Nte;jHfs; vz;zhapuk;> jpUGtdk;> MaFb> Kf;#ly; Nghd;w CHfspy; fhrp> tq;fhsk; (Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpud;) Nghd;w Njrq;fspy; ,Ue;J gpuhkzHfis $l;lk; $l;lkhff; nfhz;L te;J mtHfSf;F ,iwapyp khd;aq;fs;> mf;fpufhuq;fs;> rJHNtjp kq;fyq;fs; vd;w Gjpa FbapUg;Gfspy; FbNaw;wpdhHfs;.

gpuhkzHfs; Ntjk; gbf;f Ntj ghlrhiyfis epWtp mtw;Wf;F epte;jk; vOjp itj;jhHfs;.

,jid jpU%yH fz;bf;fpwhH. me;jzH FbapUg;Gf;fs; Mapuk; mikj;J mtw;iw me;jzHf;Ff; nfhLg;gjhYk; NfhGuj;Jld; $ba Nfhapy;fis Mapuf; fzf;fpy; fl;b Kbg;gjhYk; gad; ,y;iy. mit xU Qhdpf;F xU gfYzT mspg;gjw;F epr;rak; epfuhfh vd;fpwhH.

mfuk; Mapuk; me;jzHf; fPapnyd;
rpfuk; MapuQ; nra;J Kbf;fpnyd;
gfU Qhdp gfYhz; gyjj;Jf;F
epfupiy vd;gJ epr;rae; jhNd!;

jpUehs; ngUehs;fspYk; ntw;wp tpohf;fspYk; ntspA+H nry;Yk; NghJk; %Nte;jUk; gpuhkzHf;Fj; Jiyepiw (Jyhghuk;) nghd; (,uzpa fUg;gk;) Mthapuk; (Nfhrf];uk;) Kjypa jhdq;fisr; nra;J te;jdH. (NjtNeag;ghthzH vOjpa jkpoH kjk; - gf;fk; 93)

Kjyhk; ,uhr ,uhrdpd; ,uhrFU <rhdr; F FUNjtH> tpf;fpuk NrhoDf;F Rthkp NjtH> #d;whk; FNyhj rpthr;rhupahH. Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpudpd; uhrFU rHtrpt gz;bjH. ,uhrhjp ,uhrDf;;Jq;fDf;F NrhNkRtuH ,uhrFUthf ,Ue;jdH.

nkhj;jj;jpy; %Nte;jHfs; me;jzH jhs; gzpe;J Mz;ldH.

kD> kplhf;rhup> N`khj;up> [{Kf thjdH vOjpa jahghf (jHkuj;dh vd;w ePjp E}ypd; xU gFjp) Mfpa ehd;F rhj;jpuq;fspd;Nky; NrhoHfSila ePjp epUthfj;jpd; mbj;jsk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

mHj;jrhj;jpuk; murpay; E}y; vd;w mstpy; ];kpUjpfspd; ePjpapdpd;W xU rpwpJ khWgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,t;thwhf murpay; jj;Jtj;jpw;F mHj;jrhj;jpuKk;> ePjpj;jj;Jtj;jpw;F Nkw;nrhd;d ehd;F rhj;jpuq;fSk; NrhoH fhyj;J me;jzHfshy; CH ePjpkd;wq;fspYk; mur ePjp toq;F kd;wq;fspYk; vLj;J Xjg;gl;L tpsf;fTiu nrhy;yg;gl;ld. (jpU.kh ghyRg;gpukzpad; vOjpa 'NrhoHfspd; murpay;> fyhr;rhu tuyhW' ghfk; 2. gf;fk; 95)

gpw;fhy Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba murHfshy; jkpo; nkhop Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

gpwg;nghf;Fk; vy;yh capHf;Fk; vd;W ngha;ahnkhopg; GytH ts;StH nra; jpUf;Fws; ,ul;lbg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;lJ! jpUf;Fws; gw;wpa Fwpg;G vjidAk; ve;jf; fy;ntl;bYk;> nrg;Ngl;bYk; fhNzhk;! (tsUk;)

rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs; (4)

Nrho ghz;ba NguuRfs; kiwe;j kHkk; vd;d?

Njthuk; ghba Qhdrk;ge;jH> mg;gH> Re;juH Fwpg;gpl;l jyq;fis gpw;fhyr; NrhoHfs; (tp[ahyad; (fp.gp. 846-881) Kjy; %d;whk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; (fp.gp.1180-1218) tiu) fw;wspfshf khw;wpf; fl;bdH.

NkYk; GjpjhfTk; fhtpupf; fiuapd; tskpf;f gFjpfspy; rpthyaq;fs; gytw;iwf; fl;bdH.

cUt topghLk; ,tHfs; fhyj;jpNyNa mjpfupj;jd. rptDf;F kl;Lk; Kg;gjw;Fk; mjpfkhd tbtq;fs; tbf;fg;gl;ld.

NrhoH fl;ba Nfhapy;fspy; Kjyhk; ,uhr ,uhrd; (fp.gp.985-1012) fl;ba jQ;irg; ngUTilahH Nfhapy; kpfTk; Gfo; gilj;jJ.

mtdJ kfd; Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpud; vz;zpwe;j Nfhapy;fisf; fl;bAk; GJg;gpj;Jk; jpUg;gzp nra;jhd;. mjpy; fq;if nfhz;l NfhoPr;RuH Nfhapy; xd;whFk;. mjw;F 2>150 $yk; ney;Yk;> 65 foQ;rp nghd;Dk; epte;jkhf nfhLj;jhd;.

Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpudpd; ,uhrFUthf ,Ue;j rHtrpt gz;bjUf;Fk; mtH khzhf;fHfSf;Fk; Mz;Lf;F xUKiw Vuhskhd ney; mspj;jhd;.

,e;j rHtrpt gz;bjNu jQ;irg; ngupa Nfhapypy; G+ir nra;jtH. mtUila rPlHfs;> rPlHfspd; rPlHfs;> MupaNjrk;> kj;jpaNjrk;> nfslNjrk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; tho;e;jtHfSf;Fk; Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpud; nfhil mspj;jhd;. (lhf;lH kq;fsKUNfrd; vOjpa "NrhoH tuyhW" gf;fk; 234)

jkpofj;jpy; Nrhoehl;by; cs;sJ Nghy; Nru Nrho ghz;ba ehLfspy; Nfhapy;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Nrhoehl;by; kl;Lk; RkhH 3>000 rpthyaq;fs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; ngUk;ghd;ik gpw;fhyr; NrhoH fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;litahFk;.

NgNuhL;k; GfNohLk; Ml;rp nra;j NrhoH guk;giu %d;whk; ,uhNre;jpu Nrhod; ( fp.gp.1246-1279) fhyj;jpy; tPo;r;rpAw;wJ.

Ehw;Wf; fzf;fhd Nfhapy;fisg; Gjpg;gpj;Jk;> Gjpjhff; fl;bAk;> Mapuf;fzf;fhd gpuhkzHfis tl ehl;by; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;J mtHfSf;F epte;jkhf Mapuf;fzf;fhd mf;fpufhuq;fs;> rJHNtjpkq;fyq;fs; Nghd;w FbapUg;Gf;fis ,iwapyp epyq;fshff; nfhLj;Jk;> %tH ghba Njthuq;fisj; jpUKiw MfTk; Mo;thHfspd; ghly;fis ehyhapujpt;tpag; gpuge;jk; MfTk; njhFj;Jk;> MWfhy G+irfs;> Nts;tpfs;> jpUtpohf;fs; Nghd;w Gz;zpa gzpfs; nra;Jk; gpw;fhy Nrho tk;rk; 434 Mz;LfNs ePbj;jJ.

fq;if nfhz;l> flhuk; ntd;w> jpf;nfl;Lk; ntw;wp nfhz;L fly;fle;Jk; Nguhl;rp nra;j Nrhog; NguuR nghyptpoe;J> Gfopoe;J> murpay; #o;r;rpf;F gypahfp tPo;r;rpAw;wJ. mjd; tPo;r;rpf;F tuyhw;W MrpupaHfs; Rl;bf; fhl;Lk; fhuzpfs; gpd;tUkhJ.

1) nry;thf;Fg; gilj;j FWepy kd;dHfs; jd;dpr;irahf ele;J nfhz;lJ.

2) rkag; G+ry;fs;. tprpl;lhj;Jitjk; gug;gpatUk; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fis NfhapYf;Fs; mioj;Jr; nrd;W rkaj;Jiwapy; khngUk; Gul;rp nra;j itztg; ngupahH ,uhkDrH ehLflj;jg;gl;lhH. jpy;iy Nfhtpe;juhrH rpiy flypy; Jhf;fp vwpag;gl;lJ.

3) ,uhrj;JNuhfk; kw;Wk; rptj;JNuhfk;. Nfhapy; rpiyfisAk; nghUisAk; mHr;rfHfNs fsthbdhHfs;.

4) tHzjUk mbg;gilapyhd rhjpg;ghFghL NkYk; Mo Nt&d;wpaJ. ghHg;gdHfs;; nry;thf;F r%fj;jpy; nfhb fl;bg; gwe;jJ. murH tzpfH ,UrhuhUk; ghHg;gdHfisg; Nghw;wpf; nfhz;lhbdH. Tpujk;> Nts;tp> kWgpwg;G> nrhHf;fk;> Gz;zpak; Nghd;w rka rpe;jidfs; Nt&d;wptpl;l gpwF me;jf; fUj;Jf;F nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wJ tpag;gy;y. kWGwk; ghHg;gdH my;yhj rhjpahuplk; tyq;if ,lq;ifg; gpupTfs; ,Ue;jd. tyq;if ,lq;if gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpYk; 98 Fyq;fs; ,Ue;jd. tHz jHkj;Jf;F ,iwr je;ijapd; njhopiy gps;is nra;af; fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

5) Nfhapy;fs; fl;b mtw;iwg; guhkupj;jjpy; mur fUT+yk; ntWikahdJ.

6) ghz;baH gilnaLg;G

%d;whk; ,uhNre;jpu Nrhoid Nghupy; Njhw;fbj;j ,uz;lhk; khwtHkd; Re;jughz;bad; ( fp.gp.1238-1251) ,uz;lhk; ghz;bag; Nguuir typikg; gLj;jpdhd;.

mtidj;njhlHe;J rilatHkd; tPughz;bad; (fp.gp.1253-1274)> khwtHkd; FyNrfu ghz;bad; (fp.gp.1268-1310) mupaiz VwpdH.

FyNrfuDf;F Re;jughz;bad; tPughz;bad; vd ,uz;L kfd;fs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. Re;jughz;bad; gl;lj;jurpapd; kfd;. tPughz;bad; kw;nwhU murpapd; kfd;.

FyNrfud; Re;jughz;badpd; jpwikia nkr;rp FyNrfud; mtDf;F ,sturH gl;lk; fl;bdhd;. mjdhy; Mj;jpuk; mile;j tPughz;bad; kd;did nfhiy nra;Jtpl;L Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpdhd;.

Re;jughz;bad; kJiuia tpl;L Xbdhd;. ,J ele;jJ fp.gp. 1310 Mk; Mz;lhFk;.

mQ;rp Xba Re;jughz;bad; jpy;ypf;Fr; nrd;W myhTjPd; fpy;[papd; gil cjtpia ehbdhd;. fpy;[p jdJ gilj;jsgjp khypf;fG+H jiyikapy; gil mDg;gpdhd;.

khypf;fG+H topapy; fhzg;gl;l ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fis vy;yhk; nfhs;isabj;jhd;. mtdJ gilia vjpHnfhs;s mQ;rpa tPughz;bad; kJiuia tpl;L Xb fhl;Lf;Fs; kiwe;J nfhz;lhd;. fz;zDhupy; jq;fp ,Ue;j khypf;fG+Hgilapy; mq;F tho;e;j 20>000 K];ypk;fs; gilapy; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;ldH.

rpjk;guk; (gpuk;k];j;G+up) ,e;Jf; Nfhapypy; ngUk; nry;tk; ,Ug;gijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l khypf;fG+H mijj; jhf;fp nghUl;fisf; nfhs;isabj;jhd;. Nfhapiyg; ghJfhj;j tPuHfs; kw;Wk; Nfhapypy; gzpGupe;j gpuhkzHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. nghd;dhyhd gy ,ypq;fq;fSk; Ntj ehuhzad; rpiyAk; ifg;gw;wg;gl;ld. Nfhapy; ,bf;fg;gl;L jiukl;lk; Mf;fg;gl;lJ.

mLj;J jpUtuq;fk; (=uq;fk;) Nfhapy; kPJ gilnaLj;J mq;F ,Ue;j ngUkhspd; gbkj;ijAk; kw;Wk; tpiyAaHe;j gbkq;fisAk; ifg;gw;wp mtw;iw jpy;ypf;F mDg;gp itj;jhd;. Nfhapy; ,bj;J jiukl;lkhff;fg;gl;lJ.

khypf;fG+upd; gilnaLg;gpd; NghJ 512 ahidfs;> 20>000 Fjpiufs;> 800 kzq;F nghd;> Kj;Jf;fs; nfhs;isabj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ld.

khypf;fG+H tPughz;baidj; Njhw;fbj;J Re;jughz;baid Ml;rpapy; mkHj;jpdhd;. Mdhy; mtd; khypf;fG+Uf;F mQ;rp jdJ rpj;jg;ghthd tpf;fpukghz;bad; cjtpNahL khypf;fG+iuj; jhf;fp GwKJF fhzr; nra;jhd;.

kPz;Lk; Re;jughz;bad; tPughz;bad; ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; mupaizg; Nghl;b Vw;gl;lJ. 1323 ,y; cYhf;fhd; gilnaLg;gpy; ghz;ba ehL Ry;jhdpaH trkhdJ.

Nrhog; Nguurpd; tPo;r;rpf;Fupa mNj fhuzpfNs ghz;ba murpd; tPo;r;rpf;Fk; fhuzpfshf mike;jd. NrhoH fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l tyq;if ,lq;ifg; gpupTfSk;> 98 fpisg; gpupTfSk; fhzg;gl;ld.

jkpopdk; tHzjHkk; tpijj;j rhjp Nehapdhy; jhWkhwhf gpsTz;L xw;Wikapd;wp fple;j fhuzj;jhy; mjid vjpupfs; vspjpy; mbikg;gbj;jpdH.

gpd;dH jkpofj;ij Mz;l tpraefu fpU\;zNjtuhad; jd; 'mKf;j khyjpa" vd;w E}ypy; murhq;fj;jpYs;s rptpy;> ,uhZtg; gjtpfisg; ghHg;gdHfSf;Nf toq;fNtz;L vd;W vOjpAs;shd;. (NrhoHfspd; murpay; fyhr;rhu tuyhW-ghfk; 2 gf;fk; 60) ,td; 15 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Ml;rp nra;jtd;.

gpd;dH 1799 ,y; RNjrp kf;fSf;fhd rl;lq;fisj; njhFj;j ftHdH n[duy; rH tpy;ypa N[hd;]; vd;ghd; kD rhj;jpu Kjypatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; njhFj;jJjhd; Hindu Law. mtd;jhd; rl;lj;jpw;Fk; kjj;jpw;Fk; Kjy;Kiwahf ,e;J vd;w ngaiu itj;jtd;.

,uz;L fpoikfSf;F Kd;dH jrujh tpoh nfhz;lhlg; gl;lJ. ghisaq;Nfhl;ilapy; ele;j jrujh jpUtpohtpy; vy;yh mk;kd;fSk; rg;guj;jpy; jpUtPjp cyh te;jdH. ,jpy; vd;d GJik? tof;fkhf elg;gJjhNd? vd;W ePq;fs; Nfl;gJ vd; fhjpy; tpOfpwJ. nfhQ;rk; nghWq;fs;!

,it rhjhuzd mk;kd;fs; my;y. rhjp mk;kd;fs;! ahjtH cr;rpdp khfhsp> ahjtH Jhj;Jthup> tp];tfHkh mk;kd;> NjtH cyfk;kd;> gps;iskhH Kj;jhuk;kd;> cyfk;kd; vd;W vOjp itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ!

,jd; nghUs; vd;d? me;je;j rhjp mk;kd;fs; me;je;j rhjp kf;fSf;Fj;jhd; mUs;ghypg;ghH vd;gJjhNd?

,e;j 21 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; ,g;gbahd fhl;L kpuhz;bfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs; vd;why; Kjyhk; ,uhr ,uhrd;> Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpud; fhyj;jpy; ve;jtpjkhd fhl;L kpuhz;bfs; ,Ue;jpUg;ghHfs;? 'rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh' vd;W ghba ghujpahH fhyj;jpy; vj;jid fhl;Lkpuhz;bfs; ,Ue;jpUg;gH? jkpo;r; rpj;jHfs; fhyj;jpy; vj;jid %lHfs; ,Ue;jpUg;ghHfs;?

fhe;jpahUk; rhjpia xopg;gjw;Fg; gjpy; jho;e;j rhjpapdUf;F xU GJg; ngaH #l;bdhH. muprdH vd;gJjhd; me;jg; ngaH. mup vd;why; gilg;Gf; flTshd jpUkhy;.

muprdHfs; Myaq;fspy; Eisa vLj;j Kaw;rp XusT ntw;wp fz;lJ.

Mdhy; rhjp ,e;Jf;fspd; kdf;fjTfisj; jpwf;Fk; Kaw;rp Njhy;tp fz;lJ.

rpUq;Nfup rq;fuhr;rpahiu juprpf;f tp[a efu kd;dd; te;jhd;. mg;nghOJ FspH fha;r;rypy; eLq;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhH rq;fuH.

kug;gyifapy; kd;dd; mkHe;jhd;. jdf;fhfg; Nghlg;gl;L ,Ue;j kidg; gyifia vLj;Jg; gf;fj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. rq;fuH rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; me;jg; gyif eLq;f Muk;gpj;jjhk;.

kd;dd; tpopg;Gld; mjid Nehf;fpdhd;. tpsf;fKk; Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F rq;fuH vd;d nrhd;dhH?

'vdf;F te;j FspH fha;r;riy ck;ikr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf me;jg; gyiff;Fr; rpwpJ Neuk; khw;wpNdd;. mjdhy;jhd; me;jg; gyif eLq;FfpwJ' vd;whuhk;..

'gyiff;F mjid khw;whky; epue;jukhf cq;fSf;F Vw;gl;l me;j cghijia Kw;wpYkhf tpyf;fp itf;f Kbahjh?' vd;W murd; Nfl;lhd;.

'$lhJ. fHkg; gyid ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mDgtpj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;' vd;W gjpy; nrhd;dhuhk; rq;fuH. (Mjhuk;"tp[aghujk;" 8.10.2004)

fHk gyid khw;wf; $lhJ vd;why; rpwpJ NeuNkh> mjpf NeuNkh me;jg; gyid gyiff;F khw;wpaJ vg;gbr; rupahFk;"?

,tH nra;j fHkj;jpw;F me;jg; gyif vd;d 'ghtk;" nra;jJ? mJ Vd; fha;r;riy mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk;"?

fHk gyid epiyepWj;j Ntz;Lk; me;j ek;gpf;ifia kf;fspl jpzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw cs; Nehf;fk;jhd; ,jw;Fs; jpzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fPo;rhjp - fHk gydpd; tpisT!
jPz;lhik - fHkgydpd; jPz;ly;!

,tw;iw epiyehl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; ,jw;Fs; gJq;fp ,Uf;Fk; #o;r;rp. mjpYk; rq;fu klq;fis epWtpa Mjp rq;fuH gpuhkzpa Nkyhz;ikapd; mbehjkhd ehy; tHzjHkj;ij G+Nyhfj;jpy; epiy ehl;lNt fypAfj;jpy; mtjhuk; vLj;jtuhk;.

'rpy Neuq;fspy; kl;Lk; fpU\;z gfthd; QhNdhgNjrk; nra;jhy; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. kw;w rkaq;fspy; mtH MaHghbapy; yPiy nra;jhH> Jthuifapy; uhr;rp;aghuk; nra;jhH> gQ;r ghz;ltHfSf;fhfj; JhJ NghdhH. fypfhyj;jpy; ,g;gbr; nra;jhy; NghjhJ. mjpf ,Ul;L ,Ug;gjhy; epiwa tpsf;F Ntz;Lk;. xU tho;ehs; KOtJk; QhNdhgNjrk; xd;Wf;fhfNt mtjhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;' vd;W guNkRtud; vz;zpdhH.

rfy tpj;ijfSf;Fk; ehafdhd me;j rjhrptNd Mjprq;fuH Mf mtjupj;jhuhk;. (fhQ;rp re;jpuNrfu ru];tjp rq;fuhr;rpahH vOjpa 'nja;tj;jpd; Fuy;'). tUzjHkj;Jf;F nkU$l;ba fypAf mtjhuj;ij> fz;fz;l nja;tj;ij mLj;j thuk; mz;ikf; fhl;rpapy; ghHg;Nghk;. (njhlUk;)

rhjp kjg; Ngia tpul;ba rpj;jHfs; (5)

tHz jHkj;ij kPs; epiyehl;ba Mjp rq;fuH

rhl; rhj; me;j rjhrptNd Mjprq;fuuhf mtjupj;jhH vd;Wk; rq;fuH rpt mtjhuNk vd;gjw;F aRH Ntjj;jpNyNa Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; mtH 2>500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH gpwe;jhH vd;Wk; fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rpahH nrhy;fpwhH.

rptd; mtjhuk; vLj;jhuh? ,J GJf; fijahf ,Uf;fpwNj? fhj;jy; flTshd jpUkhy;jhNd mtjhuk; vLg;gjpy; ngaH NghdtH? mtjhuk; mtuJ Jiwahapw;Nw vd;W ePq;fs; Nfl;ff; $Lk;.

rptd; mtjhuk; vLj;jjw;fhd fhuzj;ij fhQ;rp re;jpuNrfu ru];tjp rq;fuhr;rpahH nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhH. mij Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd;.

'rpy Neuq;fspy; kl;Lk; fpU\;z gfthd; QhNdhgNjrk; nra;jhy; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.. fypfhyj;jpy; ,g;gbr; nra;jhy; NghjhJ. gioa Afq;fspy; mRuHfs; vd;w jdpahd ,dj;jtHfs; ,Ue;J NjtHfis tUj;JthHfs;. mtHfisf; nfhy;y tpl;Z MAjghzpfhf tUthH.

Mdhy; fypAfj;jpy; mRuHfs; jdpahf ,y;iy. vy;yh kdpjHfsJ kdjpYk; mRud; GFe;J tpl;lhd;. ,jdhy; ahiu mopg;gJ ahiu tpl;LtpLtJ? vdNt tpl;Z mtjhuk; ,g;NghJ Ntz;lhk; vdW guNkRtud; fUjp xU gpuhkzf; FLk;gj;jpy; mtjupj;jhH.

mjhtJ mjpf ,Ul;L ,Ug;gjhy; epiwa tpsf;F Ntz;Lk;. xU tho;ehs; KOtJk; QhNdhgNjrk; xd;Wf;fhfNt mtjhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W guNkRtud; vz;zpdhH. clNd Mjp rq;fuuhf mtjupj;jhH' vd;W rq;fuhr;rpahH nrhy;fpwhH.

,g;thW rptd; mtjhuk; vLj;jhH vd;gij irt rpj;jhe;jpfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;s khl;lhHfs;. NghAk; NghAk; gpukdhYk; tpl;LZthYk; mbAk; KbAk; fhz Kbahj rptngUkhd; ,e;j kdpjHfs; (eufHfs;) thOk; cyfj;jpy; gpwe;jhH vd;gJ mtUf;F ,Of;F vd;W mtHfs; epidf;fpwhHfs;. ( nja;tj;jpd; Fuy;)

,g;NghJ Guhzg; GSif tpl;Ltpl;L cz;ikf;F tUNthk;. me;j cz;ik vd;dntd;why; rq;fuH Nfushtpy; (md;iwa Nru ehL) fhyb vd;Dk; rpw;Whupy; fp.gp. 8 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; (fp.gp. 788-820) xU ek;G+jpup gpuhkz FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jtH.

rpW tajpNyNa Ntjq;fisAk; cgepljq;fisAk; gbj;Jj; Njwpa rq;fuH tpahrH mUspa gpuk;k#j;jpuk;> Ntj up\pfs; mUspa gj;J cgepljq;fs;> fz;zd; mHr;RdDf;F cgNjrpj;j fPij Mfpa %d;W E}y;fSf;Fk; ciu ,aw;wpdhH. ,itfs; 'gh\;ak;' vdg;gLk;. ,e;E}ypd; %yf; fUj;Jf;fisNa ikakhff; nfhz;L midtUk; Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; rq;fuH mNef Ntjhe;j E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shH. mitfs; 'gpufuz fpue;jq;fs;' vdg;gLk;.

,it jtpu Foe;ijfSf;F ,Nj fUj;Jk;> gf;jpAk; nfhz;l 'fNzr gQ;r uj;dk;'Nghd;w Njhj;jpuq;fisAk; ,aw;wpAs;shH.

rq;fuUf;F Ntj cgepljq;fSf;F ciu vOj Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,Ue;jJ. Ntj cgepljq;fs; midj;ijAk; xUtH gbj;J nghUs; mwpe;J nfhs;tJ kpf mupjhd nray;. mijtpl mupJ mtw;iw kw;wtHfSf;F vLj;J tpsf;FtJ.

ghjuhazH vd;gtH Ntj cgepl fUj;Jf;fis ePf;fp mjid Ntjhe;j #j;jpuk; (gpuk;k #j;jpuk;) Mf ntspapl;lhH. Mdhy; mJ RUf;fkhf #j;jpu tbtpy; ,Ue;jjhy; njspTf;Fg; gjpy; Fog;gj;ijAk; Ntw;WikiaAk; tpistpj;jJ.

Ntj cgeplq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; njsptpd;ikiaAk; Kuz;ghl;ilAk; ePf;fg; gyH Kad;wdH. mtHfspy; Kjd;ikahdtH rq;fuH. gpuk;k #j;jpuj;Jf;F rq;fuH vOjpa ghbaNk Ntjhe;j kjj;jpw;F gpukhz EhyhFk;.

gpukKk; capUk; (Md;kh my;yJ [Ptd;) cyfKk; xd;wh my;yJ NtW Ntwh vd;W ele;j tpthjj;jpy; gpukNk %yg; nghUs; vd;Wk; capHfSk; cyfKk; me;j gpukj;jpd; Njhw;wNk vd;Wk; ek; fz; Kd;Nd fhzg;gLk; cyfk; xU khaj; Njhw;wk; (khahthjk;) vd;gJk; rq;fuupd; thjkhFk;. ,JNt mj;Jitjk; vd;w jj;JtkhFk;.