thdk; cs;s tiu itak; cs;s tiu
ahH ,q;F kwg;ghH ngupahiu?

ef;fPud;

ngupahH xUtHjhd; ngupahH
mtH Nghy; gpwH ahH ngUikf;F cupahH - je;ij ngupahH

thdk; cs;s tiu itak; cs;s tiu
ahH ,q;F kwg;ghH ngupahiu - je;ij ngupahH

(ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd;)

ngupahupd; mUik ngUik njupa Ntz;Lk; vd;why; fiythzH vd;.v];. fpU\;zd; ebj;J 1943 ,y; ntspte;j 'gpughtjp' glj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w fhl;rp NghJkhdJ. mbikj;jdKk; %lj;jdKk; nfhb fl;bg; gwe;j fhyk; mJ.

gLj;jpUf;Fk; mRud; xUtd; jiyia fiythzH fhyhy; kpjpg;ghH.

"Vz;lh vd;id kpjpr;Nr?' Nfhgj;NjhL Nfl;ghd; mRud;.

",g;gbj;jhd; gfthd; thkd mtjhuj;jpNy kfhgypr; rf;utHj;jp jiykPJ fhiy tr;R kpjpr;rhH' vd;ghH fiythzH.

"gfthd; ,g;gbah kpjpr;rhH? mg;g ey;yh kpjp' vd;W $wpj; jiyiaf; fhl;Lthd; mRud;. 

'eP #j;jpud;. gpukhtpd; njhilapy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jtd;. ehd; gpuhkzd;. gpuk;khtpd; Kfj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jtd;. cdJ RajHkk; Vida %d;W tHzj;jhUf;Fk; mbik Ntiy nra;tJ.  

xU rhjpahd; kw;nwhU rhjpahDila jHkj;ij vt;tsT xOq;fhf elj;jpdhYk;> mJ ed;ikiag; gaf;fhJ. jd; njhopiyf; nra;ahtpbDk; mt;tsthff; Fw;wkpy;iy. Mdhy; gpwrhjpahH njhopiy nra;aNt $lhJ.' (gftj; fPij mj;jpahak; 3> ghly; 35) 

Vkhw;wg;gl;l jkpod; tHz jHkk;  Mz;ltd; fl;lis> mopj;njOj Kbahj  tpjp vd ek;gpdhd;.

rpe;jpg;gJ
vq;fSf;F
vspjhf ,Uf;fpwJ!

ehq;fs;
fhypy;
,Ue;J gpwe;jtHfs;!
 

vd;W ftpQH fhrp Mde;jdpd; eWf;Fg;Nghy; md;iwa jkpodhy; nra;a Kbatpy;iy.

xU Fyj;Jf;F xU ePjp nrhy;Yk; fPijia eilKiwg;gLj;j Kjyikr;rH ,uhrNfhghyr;rhupahH 1956,y; jkpo; ehl;by; Fyf; fy;tpj; jpl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhH. gs;spf; $lq;fspy; mtdtDk; jdJ Fyj;Jf;Fupa njhopiyr; nra;atjw;F Ntz;ba fy;tp fw;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rpiuf;fpwtd; gps;is rpiuf;f Ntz;Lk;. ntSf;fpwtd; gps;is ntSf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;ehl;by; Mupa jHkj;ij epiyehl;l ghHg;gdpak; vLj;j filrp Kaw;rp ,uhrNfhghyr;rhupahupd; Fyf; fy;tpj; jpl;lkhFk;.  

,e;j tHzjHkj;ij kfhftp ghujpahH nghWf;fp vLj;j RL nrhw;fshy; fLikahfr; rhbapUf;fpwhH.

#j;jpuDf;nfhU ePjp jz;lr; NrhWz;Zk;
ghHg;ghUf;F ,d;ndhU ePjp vd;W
rhj;jpuk; nrhy;YNkahdhy; mJ
rhj;jpuk; my;y rjpnadf; fz;Nlhk;.          (ghujpahH ftpijfs;)

ngupahiu Rakupahijg; ghijf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wNj ghHg;gdHfs; ,e;j Fyj;Jf;nfhU ePjpia rikay; fl;Ltiu nfhz;L nrd;wNj.  

1923,y; je;ij ngupahH ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. NrukhNjtp vd;w Cupy; t.Nt.R. IaH FUFyk; vd;w ngaupy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp xU FUFyj;ij elj;jp te;jJ. me;jf; FUFyj;jpy; gpuhkz khztHfSf;F NtwhfTk; gpuhkzH my;yhj khztHfSf;F NtwhfTk; jdpj; jdpahfg; ge;jp Nghlg;gl;lJ.  

me;jf; fhyk; ghHg;gdHfSila nry;thf;F mq;fpq;F ,d;dhjgb vq;Fk; nfhb   fl;bg; gwe;j fhyk;. fy;tp mtHfsJ VfNghf cupikahf ,Ue;j fhyk;. ePjpaurHfs; njhlq;fp rhjhuz  mYtyf vOj;jHtiu gpuhkzHfNs gjtpf; fjpiufspy; mkHe;J NfhNyhr;rpa fhyk;.  

jdpg; ge;jp czT gupkhWk;  Kiwia ngupahH vjpHj;jhH. Mdhy; mtuJ vjpHg;G ntw;wp mspf;ftpy;iy. ghHg;gdHfs; rhj;jpuq;fisf; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b jdpg; ge;jpia epWj;j kWj;jdH.  

NtW topapy;yhky; 1925 ,y; ngupahH fhq;fpu]; fl;rpj; jiytH gjtpia cjwp vwpe;Jtpl;L mjpypUe;J ntspNawpdhH. 

ngupahupd; ntspNaw;wk; mtuJ tho;f;ifg; ghijia kl;Lky;y jkpopdj;jpd; jiytpjpiaAk; khw;wp mikj;jJ. 

fhq;fpurpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpa ngupahH Rakupahij ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhH.  ghHg;gdPaj;jpd; Kfj; jpiuiaf; fpopj;J kjj;jpd; ngauhy;> rhjpapd; ngauhy; jkpo; kz;zpy; tpijf;fg;gl;bUe;j er;Rf; fUj;Jf;fis> %lek;gpf;iffis> Guhz ,jpfhr GSF %l;ilfis> Gul;Lf; fijfis mf;FNtW Mzp Ntwhfg; gpLq;fp vwpe;jhH. 

'flTis kw kdpjid epid' vd;gJ ngupahupd; Kof;fkhFk;.    

1937 Mk; Mz;L nrd;id rl;lrigf;F ele;j NjHjypy; ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; ntw;wpngw;W Ml;rp mikj;jJ. mNj Mz;L fl;lha ,e;jp gs;spf;$lq;fspy; jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ. fl;lha ,e;jpia vjpHj;J jkpofk; vupkiyahf ntbj;jJ. Jg;ghf;fpfs; Ngrpajpy; ,uz;L jkpoHfsJ capH gwpf;fg;gl;lJ.  ngupahH rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhH. mtH rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; mtuJ cUtg; glj;ij ehw;fhypapy; itj;J ePjpf; fl;rpapd; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLj;jhHfs;.   

jdJ fUj;Jf;fis kf;fsplk; vLj;Jr; nry;y FbauR> Gul;rp> tpLjiy> cz;ik Nghd;w VLfis Muk;gpj;J mtw;wpd; thapyhf gFj;jwpT gug;Giu nra;jhH. 

'gFj;jwpT' Vl;il Muk;gpj;jNghJ ngupahH mjd; nfhs;ifgw;wp  gpd; fz;lthW gpufldk; nra;jhH.  

'gFj;jwpT VL Ntjj;jpw;Nfh> tpkyj;jpw;Nfh> rupj;jpuj;Jf;Nfh> rhj;jp;uj;jpw;Nfh> gof;fj;jpw;Nfh> tof;fj;jpw;Nfh> goikf;Nfh> GJikf;Nfh mbikahfhky; nfhs;td nfhz;L js;td js;sp jhNd Rje;jpukha; jd;idNa ek;gp jdJ mwpitAk; Mw;wiyANk Jizahff; nfhz;L jd;dhyhd njhz;lhw;wp tUk;.'  

1935 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fg;gl;l 'tpLjiy' ,d;W kl;Lk; rhjp xopg;gpy;> ,d eyj;jpy;> nkhop kPl;rpapy;> tFg;Gupikapy;> gz;ghl;Lg; Gul;rpapy;> gFj;jwpTg; gug;Giuapy;> ghHg;gd Mjpf;f xopg;gpy; jkpoH eyq;fhf;Fk; muzha;> MAjkha;> khkUe;jha; jpfo;fpwJ! 

jhd; njhlf;fpa VLfSf;Fj; jdpj; jk;popy; ngaH #l;bajd; %yk; jdpj; jkpo; ,af;f vOr;rpf;F ngupahNu topfhl;bdhH. jkpopirapd; je;ijAk; mtHjhd;.  

ngupahH tpijj;j tpj;Jf;fspy; xd;NwDk; Nrhil NghdJ fpilahJ. mtH tpijj;j tpijfs; ,d;W My;Nghy; jisj;J mWFNghy; NtNuhb fdpjUk; fw;gfr; Nrhiyfshff; fhl;rp jUfpd;wd. 

ngupahH ghHg;gduy;yhjhHf;F fy;tp Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ghHg;gduy;yhjhHf;F mur mYtyfq;fspy; ,lk; Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ngz;fSf;F nrhj;Jupik Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. xU Mz; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ngz;fSf;F kztpyf;f cupik Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. ngz;fSf;F nrhj;Jupik Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. tpjitf;F kWkzk; Ntz;Lk; vd;whH.

,e;J kjj;jpy; fiwgbe;JNghd Njtjhrp Kiw xopa Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. rhjp xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;whH. rhjp mbg;gilapy; ahUk; ,opnjhopy; nra;af; $lhJ vd;whH.

Njtjhrp Kiw jkpoPoj;jpy; ,Ue;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. Mdhy; jkpofj;jpy; gy Ehw;whz;L fhyk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. Re;juH jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l guit ehr;rpahH ,e;j rhjpiar; NrHe;jtHjhd;.

Njtjhrp Kiw Rygj;jpy; xopf;fg;gltpy;iy. mjw;Fg; ngupa Nghuhl;lk; elj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

'NjhoHfNs! ,e;ehl;by; Njtjhrp Kiw xopf;fg;glJ vd;why; vtuhy;? vq;fshy;jhd;. vq;fs; ePjpf; fl;rp Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;jNghJ mJ xopf;fg;gl;lJ. Njtbahs; vd;W xU rhjpah? ,tHfs; vy;yhk; ahH? ekJ mf;fhs; jq;ifaHfshf ,Ue;jtHfs;jhNd! ,g;gbg; gy rhjpapypUe;Jk; Mz;ltd; Nguhy; nghl;Lf;fl;b tpl;ldH. jhrpj; njhopy; gofpj; Njtbahs; MdhHfs;.

,e;jj; Njtjhrpj; jilr; rl;lk; rl;l rigapy; te;jNghJ itjPfHfs; vy;yhk; vjpHj;jdH. rj;jpa%Hj;jp IaH ',J flTs; fhupak; ,jpy; if itg;gjh?' vd;whH. mjw;F lhf;lH Kj;Jyl;Rkp mk;ikahH vOe;J 'me;jf; fhupaj;ij ehq;fs; VNjh ,j;jid ehs; ghHj;J te;Njhk;. ,dp mg; Gz;zpa fhupaj;ij cq;fs; ,dj;jhHfNs ghHj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fNsd;!' vd;W $wpdhH. gpwFjhd; mtH thailj;J epdwhH (tpLjiy - 31.08.1959)

,jpy; Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ghHg;gdHfSk; itjPfHfs; kl;Lky;y Njtbahs;fs; vd;gtHfSk; $l;lk; Nghl;L ngupahiu td;ikahff; fz;bj;jhHfs;. 'vq;fs;   gpiog;Gg; Ngha; tpl;lhy; ehq;fs; vd;d nra;tJ' vd;whHfs;.

,e;j mbik kdg; Nghf;F ,d;Wk; jkpoupilNa epyTfpwJ. jkJ %isf;Fg;  Nghl;l tpyq;Fgw;wp nkj;jTk; Ra kfpo;r;rp milfpwtHfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.  

"gfthd; ,g;gbah kpjpr;rhH? mg;g ey;yh kpjp' vd;W $wpj; jiyiaf; fhl;bdhNd me;j mRud;? mtd;; Nghy gy #L nrhuiz mw;w mRuHfs; ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

,it xt;nthd;wpYk; ngupahH ntw;wp fz;lhH. '#j;jpuH' '#j;jpur;rp' vd;W caHrhjpg; ghHg;gdHfshy; ,opthf miof;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,d;W ePjpaurHfsha;> mikr;rHfshy;> Jiz Nte;jHfsha;> NguhrpupaHfsha;> kUj;JtHfsha; cyh tUfpwhHfs; vd;why; me;jg; ngUik ngupahH xUtiuNa NrUk;.

1967 Mk; Mz;L jp.K.fofk; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpaJ. mwpQH mz;zh Kjyikr;rH MdhH.  mg;NghJ 'jpKf Ml;rpia ngupahUf;F fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;' vd;W nrhd;dhH. nrhd;dNjhL epw;fhky; mikr;rHfis mioj;Jr; nrd;W ngupahuplk; tho;j;Jk; ngw;whH.

ngupahiuAk; mtuJ nfhs;iffisAk; nrupf;f KbahjtHfs; mtiu xU mjp jPtputhjpahf> ehj;jPfdhfg; ghHf;fpwhHfs;.  Mdhy; jkpopdj;ij gPbj;Js;s ngUNeha;f;F jiyapb khj;jpiu rupg;gl;L tuhJ Crpjhd; top vd;gJ ngupahupd; mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if.

mjdhy;jhd; ngupahH gps;isahH rpiyfis njUtpy; Nghl;L cilj;jhH. mwpQH mz;zhthy; $l mjid xj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. 'ehq;fs; gps;isahiuAk;cilf;f khl;Nlhk;! gps;isahUf;Fj; Njq;fhAk; cilf;f khl;Nlhk;!' vd;whH.

ngupahupd; gps;isahH rpiy cilg;G  fy;Y flTs; vd;w %lj;jdj;jpw;F vjpuhd  xU FwpaPl;L vjpHg;G. Mq;fpyj;jpy; mjid symbolic protest vd;W nrhy;YthHfs;.

ngupahupd; gps;isahH rpiy cilg;G xU ehspy; Kbe;J tpl;lJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ,e;j kj gf;jHfNs gps;isahH rpiyia tpehaf rJHj;jpad;W  fj;jp> Nfhlup> ths;fshy; fz;l Jz;lkhf ntl;bf; flypy; fiuf;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j ntwpj;jdkhd Kl;lhs;jdj;ijg; ghHj;J kdk; cile;JNghd  Nf.rp. mde;j fpU\;zd;> NfhitapypUe;J  'jpdkyH' Vl;Lf;F  'gps;isahH cilg;G Ntz;lhNk!' vd;w jiyg;gpy; xU kly; tiue;Js;shH.

'ehd; 73 tajhd kpfTk; Mrhukhd gpuhkzd;. ey;y M];jpfd;. Kk;;igiag; gpd;gw;wp ekJ jkpofj;jpYk; fle;j 10 Mz;Lfshf tpehafH rJHj;jp Kk;ig khlypy; ntwpj;jdkhf elf;fpwJ.

rh];jpuq;fSf;F tpNuhjkhf tpehafiur; rhf;fil Xuq;fspYk;> re;JfspYk; Mfk tpjpfspy; $wg;gl;l vy;yh tpjpfisAk; kPwp mRj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; rpiy mikf;fpNwhk;.

,jpy; GuSk; gzk; yl;rk; kw;Wk; Nfhbfspy; kJ mUe;jp khkprKk; rhg;gpl;L> MNtrj;Jld; MLfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; epue;jukhf cs;s rpwpa Nfhapy;fs; kw;Wk;  mur kuj;jb tpehafHfs; mdhijahfp tpl;ldH. tpehafH rpiy CHtyq;fSk;> tprH[d tpohTk;> tpehafH cUtr; rpiyfisf; fhyhYk;> ifahYk; Vwp kpjpj;J fopfshYk; mbj;J cilf;Fk; mehfupfq;fSk; muq;NfWfpd;wd.  Njitah ,e;j mrpq;fk;?

NkYk;> nfhOf;fl;il Rz;ly; nra;J gilj;J mij Vio vspNahHf;nfy;yhk;  gpurhjkhff; nfhLf;fyhNk! <.nt.uh.>it tplf; Nftykhf (mtH 50k; Mz;Lfspy;  fspkz; gps;isahiu xUehs;jhd; cilj;jhH) ehk; gps;isahH cilg;G tpoh (NghyP]; ge;Njhg];Jld;) elf;fpwJ. ,e;J Kd;dzpj; jiytH uh[Nfhghyd; kdk; itj;jhy; clNd ,ijr; rup nra;ayhk;. Ntz;lhk; ,e;j Xl;L Ntl;il murpay;!'

jpU. mde;j fpU\;zd; nrhy;tJ Nghy; ,e;J kjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; %l gf;jpNa ehj;jPfHfis cUthf;f cjTfpwJ!  

ngupahH gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;l jpU.tp.f. 'ngupahH ,e;ehl;bd; Kb#lh kd;dH' vd;whH.

NguwpQH mz;zh nrhd;dhH 'ngupahH gzp> jw;Fwpfs; epuk;gpa jkpofj;jpNy> fy;tPr;R kz;tPr;Rf;fpilNa vd;gij mwpa Ntz;Lk;. mjpYk; rfyKk; czHe;j fryfyh ty;YdHfSk;> ntWk; rhkpahbfisf; $lf; fz;bj;Jg; Ngrr; rf;jpaw;Wf; fple;j fhiy> ngupahupd; ngUq;fhw;Wj; jkpofj;jpNt tPrp. er;Rkuq;fis NtnuhL fPNo ngaHj;njwpe;jJ vd;gijAk; czu Ntz;Lk;. jkpofj;jpd; jd;khdj;jpw;Nf tpj;Jhd;wpa jiytH.

ngupahH jkpopdj;jpd; ,Uz;l tho;tpy;  xsp Vw;wpa KO epyh!  jpir fhl;Lk; fyq;fiu tpsf;F! %lj;jdj;ij Rl;nlupj;j vO QhapW!  jkpoupd; kPshj; Japy; ePf;fp mtHfspd; jiy tpjpia khw;wp vOjpa gFj;jwpTg;  gfytd;. (Kof;fk; - nrg;njk;gH 19> 2003)