jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;F Ntyp Nghl;l jpUts;StH
jkpOf;F 'fjp"
fk;guhkhazKk; jpUf;FwSk; vd;W Ngrg;gLtij Nfl;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,yf;fpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpNyNa ,t;thW
nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. fk;guhkhazKk; jpUf;FwSk; jkpopy; cs;s ,izaw;w ,yf;fpar; nry;tq;fs; vd;gjpy; ve;jf;
fUj;J NtWghLk; ,y;iy. ,Ue;Jk; ,e;j ,uz;L Ehy;fSk; ntt;NtW ,yf;fpaj; jsj;ijr; rhHe;jit.
fk;guhkhazk; xU rka
fhg;gpak;. fhyj;jhy; gpe;jpaJ. fhrpy; nfhw;wj;J ,uhkd; fijiathy;kPfp tlnkhopapy; Kjypy; ghbdhH.
mijj; jOtpNa Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; fopj;J fy;tpapy; ngupa fk;gH
,uhkfhijia ,aw;wpdhH. vdNt fk;guJ ,uhkfhij topEhy;. ,Ue;Jk; %yEhypy;
fhzg;glhj ,yf;fpa jpl;g El;g moFfs; fk;guJ ,uhkhazj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. thy;kPfp ,uhkid xU rpwe;j murdhfr; rpj;jupf;f fk;gH mtid mtjhu epiyf;F
caHj;jpdhH. mJNt fk;guJ gyKk; gytPdKk; MFk;.
jpUf;Fws; xU xOf;f Ehy;. fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpaJ.
vy;yhr; rkaj;jtUf;Fk; vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk; Vw;wjhd nghJ kiw. jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l Kjy; Ehy; vd;w
ngUikia cilaJ.
jpUf;FwSk; xU nkhopngaHg;G Ehy;jhd; vd;W
nrhd;dtHfs; xU fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy; kDePjpapd; jOty; vd;Wk;> nghUl;ghy;
fTby;aupd; mHj;jrhj;jpuj;jpd; nkhopngaHg;G vd;Wk;> fhkj;Jg;ghy; tj;rhdaupd; fhk#j;jpuj;jpd; gpopT
vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.
xy;fhg; Gfo;
njhy;fhg;gpaKk; ghzpdpapd; ,yf;fz Ehiyj; jOtp vOjg;gl;l ,yf;fz Ehy; vd;w fUj;Jk; neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J
te;jJ.
jpUf;Fws;>
njhy;fhg;gpak; Nghd;w Ehy;fs; kl;Lky;y> jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l
Ehy;fs; mj;jidAk; nrhe;jkhf vOjg;gl;lit my;y> mit tlnkhop Ehy;fspd; nkhopngaHg;G my;yJ jOty; vd;w
khia mz;ikf;; fhyk;tiu tYg; ngw;wpUe;jJ. Vd; jkpo;nkhop cl;gl ,e;jpa nkhopfs; mj;jidf;Fk;
tlnkhopNa jha;nkhop vd;w fUj;Jk; epiy nfhz;bUe;jJ.
ey;yfhykhf ,e;jf;
fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;W mbgl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;ld. me;jr; rhjidia
rhjpj;j ngUik jkpo; ehl;Lf;F rkak; gug;g te;j fy;Lnty; Iaiur; rhUk;. mtHjhd; jhk; vOjpa ""jpuhtpl
nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk;"" vd;w mupa Ehypy; jkpo;nkhop jdpAaH nrk;nkhop vd;gij jf;f vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lf;fSld; epiy ehl;bdhH.
tlnkhopf;F <lhf my;y
tlnkhopia nty;Yk; tz;zk; jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fz tsk; cilaJ vd tl mnkupf;f NgHf;fpyp
(Berkley)
gy;fiyf; fofj; jkpo;g;
NguhrpupaH NahH[; `hl;
(George
Hart)
fUj;Jr; njuptpj;jpUf;fpwhH. gd;nkhop mwpQuhd NahH[; `hl; tlnkhop ,yf;fpa
,yf;fz Ehy;fis tlnkhopapNyNa gbj;jpUg;gjhfr; nrhy;fpwhH.
jpUf;Fws; jkpopy;
vOJg;gl;l Kjy; Ehy; vd;w ngUik cilaJ vd;W nrhd;Ndhk;.
,dk;> nkhop> rkak;> fhyk; fle;J ts;StH kdpj Fyj;jpd; caHTf;fhf ,e;jg; nghJkiwia mUspdhH. Mdhy;
jpUf;FwSf;F vy;yhr; rpwg;Gk; ,Ue;Jk;
mJ GytHfshy; kl;LNk Nghw;wg;gl;l xU Ehyhf ,Ue;J
te;jpUf;fpwJ.
nghJ kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ghujk;> ,uhkhazk;> gftj;fPij mwpKfkhd mstpw;Fj; jpUf;Fws; jkpo; kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; mwpKfkhftpy;iy. Nghw;wg;glTk; ,y;iy.
tuyhw;iw jpUg;gpg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ jkpofj;ij
Mz;l %Nte;jHfNsh> FWepy kd;dHfNsh jpUf;Fwis Mjupj;jjw;Nfh
jpUts;Stiur; rpwg;gpj;jjw;Nfh rhd;Wfs; vJTk; ,y;iy.
,Ue;Jk; rq;fk;kUtpa fhyj;jpd; gpd; vOjg;gl;l nre;jkpo; Ehy;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; jpUts;StH Ml;rp
nrYj;JfpwhH. mtuJ fUj;Jf;fs; vLj;J Msg;gl;Ls;sd. irtHfs;> rkzHfs;> itztHfs;> gTj;jHfs;>
fpwpj;jtHfs; jq;fSf;F Ntz;batw;iw ms;spf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. Ik;ngUk; ,yf;fpaq;fshd
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk;> kzpNkfiyapYk; jpUf;Fws; fUj;Jf;fs; vLj;jhsg; gl;Ls;sd.
""nja;tk; njhohms; nfhOed;njhOJ vOths;
nga;nadg; nga;Ak; ngUkio vd;w
mg;ngha;apy; Gytd; nghUs; ciu Njwha;""
vd;gJ rhj;jdhupd; kzpNkfiy.
"nja;tk;
njhoms; nfhOed; njhOthisj;
nja;tk; njhOk; jifik jpz;zpjhy;""
vd;gJ ,sq;Nfhtbfspd;
rpyg;gjpfhuk;.
,g;NghJjhd; jpUts;StUf;Fk; jpUf;FwSf;Fk;
nfhQ;rk; ey;yfhyk; gpwe;jpUf;fpwJ.
jpUts;StH kpf
Kw;Nghf;fhdtH. ey;y rpe;jidahsH. $Hikahd kjpAilatH. rq;f ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fz Ehy;fis Kiwahff; fw;wtH.
ve;j rkaj;ijAk; rhuhjtH. vz;Zk; vOj;Jk; kf;fSf;F ,uz;L fz;fs; Nghd;wit vd;W fy;tpiag; Nghw;wpaH>
CioAk; kdpj Kaw;rpahy; ntd;Wtplyhk; vd;W vz;zpatH. kidj;jf;f khz;Gila ngz;iz tho;f;ifj; Jizahf
tupj;J ,y;ywk; vd;w ey;ywk; Nkw;nfhz;ltH. gFj;Jz;L gy;YapH NgzpatH. ,dpa nkhopapy; NgrpatH.
Ntljhupfisg; gopj;jtH. ahiotplTk;> FoiytplTk; ,dpikahd Foe;ijfsJ koiy nkhopiaf; Nfl;L ,d;Gw;wtH.
xOf;fk; tpOg;ge; juyhy;
mjid capupDk; Nkyhfg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jtH. kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;J mwd; kw;witnay;yhk; ntWk;
Muthuk; vd ,bj;Jiuj;jtH.
RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy;
kdpjd; kfpo;r;rpNahL tho;tjw;F vitnait NjitNah mtw;iw vy;yhk; mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; vLj;J
tpsf;fpatH. Mdfhuzj;jhy;jhd;-
y;yhg;
nghUSk; ,jd;ghy; cs,jd;ghy;
,y;yhj
vg;nghUSk; ,y;iyahy;- nrhy;yhy;
gue;jgh thy;vd; gad;ts;
StdhH
fue;jgh
itaj; Jiz.
(jpUts;Stkhiy
29)
"gytif Ehy;fshYk;
nrhy;yg;gll vy;yhg; nghUSk; ,e;Ehyfj; jlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
,jdplj;J ,y;yhj ahnjhU nghUSk; ve;EhYf;Fk; ,y;iy. Mjyhy; nrhy; mstpdhNy tpupe;j Ehy;fshy; gad;
ahJ? jpUts;StuhNy jug;gl;l ,e;Ehnyhd;Nw kz;Zyfj;jjhHf;Fj; Jizahjy; mikAk;"" vd;W kJiuj; jkpo;
ehfdhH etpy;fpwhH.
jpUf;Fws; jkpo;
kf;fspilNa mwpKfkhfhjJ kl;Lky;y mg;gb mwpKfk; nra;jtHfSk; ts;Stupd;
ikaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;F CW tpistpj;jhHfs;. ,jpy; vy;NyhUk; cr;rp Nky; itj;J nkr;Rk; gupNkyofH Kjy;
Fw;wthspahff; fhzg;gLfpwhH. itjPf Mupaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;NjhL jpUf;FwSf;F ciunaOjpa gupNkyofH jdJ ciug;
ghapuj;jpy; mwj;Jf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wk;NghJ>
""mtw;Ws; mwkhtJ> kD Kjypa Ehy;fspy; tpjpj;jd nra;jYk;> tpyf;fpad xopjYk; Mk;. m/J xOf;fk;> tof;F>
jz;lid vd %tifg;gLk;. mtw;Ws; xOf;fkhtJ me;jzH Kjypa tUzj;jhH> jj;jkf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l gpukrupak;
Kjypa epiyfspy; epd;W> mtw;wpw;F Xjpa mwe;fspd; tOthtJ xOFjy;........."" vdr; nrhy;fpwhH.
cz;ik vd;dntd;why; xU Fyj;Jf;F xU ePjp
nrhy;Yk; kDitAk; mtH epiyepWj;j tpUk;gpa tUzhr;rpuk rehjd
jUkf; Nfhl;ghl;ilAk; kWj;Jiuf;f te;jtNu jpUts;StH. ,jid kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhH jdJ jkpo;j; nja;t tzf;fg;ghlypy; njspthfr; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhH.
"ts;StHnra; jpUf;Fwis
kWtwed; Fze;NjhHfs;
tUzhrpuk rehjd jUkj;jpd; tPr;Rk;> gug;Gk;
ntspg;gilahf ,d;W njupahky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mjd; Mjpf;fk; ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpoHfsJ Nfhapy;fspy;
jkpo;nkhop Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L tlnkhopNa mHr;rid nkhopahf ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpo;nkhop ,iwtDf;F Mfhj nkhop
vd;W jkpoHfNs ek;g itf;fg;gl;Ls;shHfs;. mHr;rfj; njhopy; tUzj;jpy; NkyhdtH vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk; xU tFg;ghUf;F kl;LNk VfNghf cupik vd;w ,opepiy
njhlHfpwJ. jkpoDf;F #j;jpug;gl;lk; fl;b mtDk; mtdJ nkhopAk; Nfhapy;
fUtiwf;F ntspNa tplg;gl;Ls;shHfs;.
jkpoH ehfupfk; NtW. MupaH ehfupfk; NtW. MupauJ ehfupfj;Jf;F gpuhkzH> rj;jpupaH> itrpfH>
#j;jpuH vd;w tHzhr;rpuk NtWghL capH ehbahdJ. jkpoH ehfupfj;ij tpsf;Fk; jpUts;StH ,jid
kWj;Jiuf;fpwhH.
gpwg;nghf;Fk; vy;yh
capHf;Fk;> rpwg;nght;th
nra;njhopy; Ntw;Wik ahd;.
(Fws; nghUl;ghy; mjp. 98-972)
""vy;yh kf;fs; capHf;Fk;
gpwg;G xU jd;ikahdJ. MapDk; ngUik rpWik vd;w rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ey;yd jPad vd;w njhopy;fspd; NtWghl;lhy; xj;jpUf;fh"" vd;gJ ,e;jf; Fwspd; nghUshFk;.
Mupag; gpuhkzHfSf;F
tpjpf;fg;gl;l mWnjhopy;fspy; ahfk; nra;jy; xd;whFk;. ,e;j ahfq;fspy; Ntjfhy nja;tq;fshd ,e;jpud;>
tUzd;> Nrhkd; Nghd;Nwhiuj; jpUg;jpnra;a capHg;gyp nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.
Fjpiu> gR> cLk;G Nghd;w thapy;yhg; gpuhzpfs; capNuhL ahfFz;lj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;ld. nte;j
mtw;wpd; khkprj;ij ahfk; tsHj;jtHfSk; ahfk; nra;tpj;jtHfSk; cz;L kfpo;e;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ,e;j
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd ahfj;ij ts;StH kWj;Jiuf;fpwhH.
mtpnrhupe;J Mapuk; Ntl;lypd; xd;wd;
capH
nrFj;J cz;zhik ed;W.
(mwj;Jg;ghy; mjp. 26- Fws;
259)
""jPapd; fz; nea; Kjypa mtpfisr; nrhupe;J Mapuk; Nts;tp Ntl;lypDk;> xU tpyq;fpd; capiug; Nghf;fp
mjd; Cid cz;zhik ed;W"" vd;gJ ,e;jf; Fwspd; nghUshFk;.
,g;Nghnjy;yhk; Nfhapy; fl;LtJk;> Fsk;
ntl;LtJk;> NjH jPHj;j tpohf;fs; nra;tJk;> nghd; nghUis fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;JtJNk ngupa mwkhfTk;>
Nkhl;rNyhfj;jpd; fjTfisj; jpwg;gjw;Fupa jpwT NfhyhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
gupNkyofH kD Kjypa Ehypy; tpjpj;jd nra;jYk; tpyf;fpad
xopj;jYk; mwk; vd;fpwhH vd;gij Kd;dH fz;Nlhk;. mjhtJ MupaHfSila 32 mwq;fisNa
mtH mwk; vdr; nrhy;fpwhH.
Mdhy; ts;StH mwk; vd;w
nrhy;Yf;F mwpthHe;j tiutpyf;fzk; tFj;jpUf;fpwhH. kdj;Jf;fz;
khrpyhjd; midj;J mwk; vd;fpwhH. kdk; Fw;wkpy;yhky;-
mOf;fpy;yhky;- jPa Fzq;fs; ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJjhd; mwk; vd;fpwhH. kf;fSf;F ,d;wpaikahj md;G> xOf;fk;>
mUs; Nghd;w Nkyhd Fzeyq;fNs mwk; vd;fpwhH.
kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy;> midj;jwd;
MFy ePu gpw.
(ghapuk; mwd;typAWj;jy;-Fws; 34)
,t;thW jkpouJ gz;ghL> ehfupfk; Nghd;wtw;iw gpw gz;ghl;Lg; gilnaLg;gpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;f jpUts;StH
Nghl;l NtypNa jpUf;FwshFk;. Mjpapy; NfhNyhr;rp ghjpapy; tPo;e;Jgl;l jkpopdk; kPz;Lk; jiy Jhf;fp
epkpHe;J tho Ntz;Lk; vd;why; jpUf;Fws; jkpoHfsJ kiwahfTk;> tho;f;ifapd; topfhl;bahfTk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(ek;ehL)