kpff; Fiwe;j tho;ehspy; ghujp gpukpf;fj; jf;f tuyhW gilj;jhu;
mtu; gjpj;j RtLfs; fhyj;jhy; mopahjit

,. ,uhkr;re;jpuh

cyf tuyhw;wpy; kpff;Fiwe;j tho;ehspy; gpukpf;fj;jf;f tuyhW gilj;j Rg;gpukzpad; vd;Dk; ,aw;ngaiuf; nfhz;ltu; Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahu;. mtu; 1882,y; gpwe;J 1921 ,y; mkuj;Jtk; va;jpdhu;.

mtUs; thdtpy;ypYs;s tu;zq;fs; Nghy; gd;Kf MSik nghjpe;jpUe;jJ. mtu; jkpo; Mrpupauhf> Clftpayhsuhf> ftpQdhf> ,e;jpaj; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhspahf> Njrpa tpLjiyj; jiytuhf Mw;wpa gzp> mij nray;gLj;j cjtpa fsepiy Nghd;wit gw;wp kjpg;gPL nra;jy; vy;NyhUf;Fk; cgNahfkhFk;.

ghujp gpwe;j Cu; vl;laGuk;. mJ tPughz;ba fl;lg;nghk;kDf;Fj; JNuhfk; nra;J mtiuf; fhl;bf;nfhLj;j tk;rhtspapdupd; Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. ghujpapd; je;ijahu; rpd;dr;rhkp Iau;. mtu; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; Gyikngw;wtu;. mtu; xU Njrpathjp. ehl;ilg; gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; ,Ue;J kPl;nlLj;jy;> mwpahikia mfw;wy;> ifj;njhopy; kakhf;fy;> etPdkag;gLj;jy; Nghd;w njhopw;ghl;by; Mu;tk; cs;stu;.

mtu; vl;laGu ,uhrjhdpapy; gzp nra;jtu;. mtu; Jzp Miyiaj; njhlq;Ftjpy; kpfTk; jPtpukhf <Lgl;ltu;. mtupd; Kaw;rp ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld;> mtuJ nrhj;Jf; fiue;jJ. mtupd; vjpu;ghu;g;G> ghujp nghUspay; Jiwapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;W ehl;L mgptpUj;jpapy; <Lgl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
Mdhy;> ghujpNah ,aw;ifia urpj;Jg; ngWk; mDgtj;jpy; ehl;lk; fhl;bdhu;. mtupd; thapy; nrhw;fs; Kaw;rpapd;wp jhuhskhf te;jd. mtupy; Gyikj; jd;ikf;fhd mwpFwpfs; njd;gl;ld. ,ij mtjhdpj;j fy;tpkhd;fs; mtUf;F mtupd; 11MtJ tajpy; ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdu;. ,g;gl;lk; kpfTk; gpugy;ak; mile;jJ.

ghujp jdJ Ie;jhtJ tajpy; jha; ,yf;Fkjpia ,oe;jhu;. je;ijahu; kWkzk; Gupe;jhu;. rpw;wd;id ghujpapYk;> jq;ifapYk; md;igg; nghope;jhu;. mtu;fspd; rk;gpujhag;gb ghujpf;F 14 tajpy; 7 taJr; rpWkp nry;yk;khTf;Fk; jpUkzk; ele;jJ. ghujpf;Fj; jpUkzk; ele;J xU tUlj;jpd; gpd; je;ij ,we;jhu;.

Mjutw;W ,Ue;j ghujpia mtuJ je;ijapd; %j;j rNfhjup Fg;gk;khTk; mtuJ fztu; rpU\;zrptDk; jq;fSld; Nru;e;Jnfhs;Sk;gb miog;G tpl;ldu;. mtu;fs; thuzhrpapy; trpj;jhu;fs;. ghujp mtu;fspd; miog;igNaw;W thuzhrpf;F gazkhdhu;.

mj;ijapd; mutizg;gpy; tho;e;j ghujpapd; rpe;jidapy; gy Fzhk;r khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. mtupd; r%f murpay; ghu;it tprhykhdJ. mtu; %lek;gpf;iffisg; Gwf;fzpj;jhu;. mtupd; Njhw;wj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ. mtupd; Kb ntl;lg;gl;lJ. kPir tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhd Gwkhw;wq;fs; khkd; fpU\;zrptDf;F mtkhd czu;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

,Ug;gpDk;> ghujpapd; Md;kPf Mf;fq;fs; mtiu ,irthf;fk; ngw cjtpaJ. mtupd; 20MtJ tajpy; kPz;Lk; vl;laGuj;Jf;F te;jhu;. mtupd; je;ijahu; gzpGupe;j murjhdpapy; Ntiy fpilj;jJ. mtUf;F mq;F ele;j fhyj;Jf;nfht;thj eilKiwfs; ntWg;ig Vw;gLj;jpad.

rkpe;jhUf;F rpwg;G kupahij nrYj;Jtijj; jtpu;j;jhu;. ,jd; tpisT mtu; gzp ePf;fg;gl;lhu;. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J 1904Mk; Mz;L Xf];by; kJiuapy; cs;s NrJgjp cau; ghlrhiyapy; jkpo;g; ghlk; fw;gpj;jhu;. ,j;njhopy; ePz;lfhyk; ePbf;ftpy;iy. 3 khj Mrpupa NritAld; fw;gpj;jy; gzp epiwTngw;wJ.

,f;fhyj;jpy; "RNjr kpj;jp'ud; gj;jpupifapd; Mrpupau; Rg;gpukzpa Iau; kJiuf;F te;jhu;. ghujpapd; ez;gu;> ghujpia mtUf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. Rg;gpukzpa Iau; jdJ RNjrkpj;jpud; gj;jpupifapd; Jiz Mrpupauhf ,izf;f Kd;te;jhu;. ghujp Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;.

Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Njhw;wk; ngw;W ,UgJ Mz;L fhyq;fs; fle;Jk; ngUk; khw;wq;fs; ,y;yhky; jiyikj;Jtk; efu;j;jpaJ. ,e;jpa Njrpaj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhis Kd;ndLf;Fk; KjyhtJ jkpo; jpdrupg; gj;jpupifahd RNjr kpj;jpudpd; Mrpupa gPlj;jpy; ghujp ,ize;j Ntis Njrpa Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhd vOr;rpAWk; jWthapy; kf;fs; ,Ue;jdu;.

ghujpiag; gw;wpAk;> jpyf; Nghd;wtu;fs; gw;wpAk; Rg;gpukzpa Iau; kjpg;Gk;> kupahijAk; itj;jpUe;jhYk;> ghujpapd; jPtpuf; fUj;Jfs; RNjr kpj;jpudpy; ntsptUtij mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. ghujpapd; murpay; my;yhj Mf;fq;fs;jhd; RNjrkpj;jpudpy; ntspahfpd.

Clfj;ij KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jp kf;fSf;Ff; fy;tpA+l;b mtu;fis Gul;rpfukhd Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F mzpjpul;l RNjr kpj;jpudpy; tha;g;Gf; FiwT vd;gij ghujp czu;e;jhu;. mNjNghy; mtupd; rfhf;fSk; czu;e;jhu;fs;. vd;. jpUkyhr;rhup> ghujpiar; nray;ghl;L Mrpupauhff;nfhz;L ",e;jpah' vd;Dk; ngaupy; thuhe;jg; gj;jpupifia 1906Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; ntspapl Vw;ghL nra;jhu;.

mJ jdJ kFl thrfkhf gpnud;]{g; Gul;rpapd;NghJ Kd;itj;j Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; vd;Dk; RNyhfj;ij Vw;Wr; nraw;gl;lJ. mJ jkpo; Clfj;Jiwapy; Gjpa xspiag; ghr;rpaJ. ghujpapd; fhukhd thjj;jpwDlDk; tpflk; fye;j ghzpapYkhd gilg;Gfs;> FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mjd; tpepNahf kl;lk; 4 Mapuj;ijj; njhl cjtpaJ.

mJ mf;fhyj;jpy; ngupa rhjid. mJ jd; Gul;rpfu thridiag; Gyg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rptg;Gj; jhopy; gpuRukhdJ. jkpo; ehl;by; Kjy; jlitahf murpay; Nfypr;rpj;jpuk; ",e;jpah' gj;jpupifapy;jhd; Njhd;wpaJ.

Mdhy;> jpUney;Ntypapy; t.C.rpjk;gug;gps;is> Rg;gpukzpa rpth Nghd;Nwhu; ifJ ifJnra;ag;gl;L rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,e;jpah gj;jpupiff; fhupahyak; 1908Mk; Mz;L nghyp]huhy; Kw;Wifaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mrpupauhd rPdpthrDk; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhu;.

ghujp njhlu;e;J Nrit nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf t.C.rpjk;gug;gps;isAk; Rg;gpukzpa rpthTk;> ghujp ifjhtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf jg;gpr; nry;Yk;gb jfty; mDg;gpdu;. ghujp jaf;fj;Jld; Vw;whu;. mz;il khepykhd gpuhd;]; fhydpahd ghz;br;Nrupf;F 1908,y; nrg;nlk;gu; khjk; nrd;whu;.

tpiutpy; Gjpa cwTfis Naw;gLj;jp xU khjj;Jf;Fs; ,e;jpah gj;jpupifapd; mr;rfj;ij ,ufrpakhfg; ghz;br;Nrupf;F flj;jpf;nfhz;L nry;yr;nra;jhu;. xf;Nlhgu; 20 ,e;jpah gj;jpupif gpuRuk; kPz;Lk; Muk;gkhdJ. tpw;gid $baJ.

gpupl;b\; mjpfhupfs; jq;fs; rf;jpf;Fl;gl;l vy;yh eltbf;iffisAk; vLj;J gpupl;b\; ,e;jpahtpDs; gj;jpupif nrd;wiltijj; jLf;f Kad;wdu;. ,Wjpapy; gj;jpupifiaj; jilnra;jdu;. 1910Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; 12Mk; jpfjp filrp ntspaPL gpuRukhdJ. ghujp Gjpjhfj; njhlq;fpa "tp[a' vd;Dk; jpdrupg; gj;jpupiff;Fk; mNj fjpjhd; Vw;gl;lJ.

1912 ghujpapd; tho;tpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd Mz;L. ,e;j Mz;by;jhd; fPij jkpopy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,Nj Mz;Ljhd; ghQ;rhyp rgjk;> Fapy;ghl;L> fz;zd; ghl;L vd;gd vOjg;gl;ld.

1918 ,y; NghH Kbe;j gpd; ghujp gpupl;b\; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; te;jhu;. mtu; ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhu;. gpd; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhu;. mtu; RNjr kpj;jpud; gj;jpupifapy; cg Mrpupauhf Mrpupa gPlj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;lhu;. 1917 ,y; Gjpa rf;jp u\;ahtpy; Ml;rpf;F te;jJ. mij tho;j;jpg; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl;bdhu;.

Kg;gJ Nfhb kf;fSf;F xU nghJey muR. ehl;bd; nrhj;J vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrhe;jk;. mJ xU <L ,izaw;w rKjhak;. ,t;thwhd Vw;ghl;il KO cyfKk; tpag;Gld; Nehf;Fk;. mJjhd; mtu; filrpahf 1920,y; ntspapl;l Mf;fk;.

1921 [_iy khjk; mtu; Nfhtpy; ahidf;F czT+l;Lk;NghJ J}f;fptPrg;gl;lhu;. mtupd; ez;gu; fhg;ghw;wpdhu;. gpd; cly;epiy rupahfj; Njwtpy;iy. 1921Mk; Mz;L nrg;nlk;gu; khjk; 11 Mk; jpfjp tapw;WisT Nehahy; gPbf;fg;gl;L ,we;jhu;.

ghujp Ntz;ba murpay; Rje;jpuk; fpilj;j NghJk; ghujp Ntz;ba rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; nghjpe;j r%fk; ,d;Dk; Njhd;wtpy;iy. (cjad; 11> 2007)

ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy- ,t;itaj;ijg; ghypj;jpl;l kfhftp ghujpahH!

ef;fPud;

(kfhftp ghujpahupd; 128tJ gpwe;j ehs; epidTf; fl;Liu)

Njbr; NrhW epje;jpd;W - gy
rpd;dQ; rpWfijfs; Ngrp-kdk;
thbj; Jd;gkpf cod;W-gpwH
thlg; gynray;fs; nra;J-eiu
$bf; fpog;gUtk; va;jp-nfhLq;
$w;Wf; fpiunadg;gpd; khAk;-gy
Ntbf;if kdpjiug; NghNy-ehd;
tPo;Nt ndd;W epidj;jhNah!                 (kfhftp ghujpahH)

ghbaJNghyNt kfhftp ghujpahH eiu> jpiu> %g;G tUKd; jdJ 39tJ mfitapy; jdJ G+jTliy ePf;fp GfOlk;G va;jpdhH. mtH gpwe;j ehs; khHfop 11> 1882> kiwe;jJ Gul;lhjp 11> 1921. ,e;j 39 Mz;Lfspy; Njr tpLjiy> ngz; tpLjiy> rhjp xopg;G> jdpAlik xopg;G> Ntjhe;jk;> rpj;jhe;jk; ,g;gb vy;yhg; nghUs;gw;wpAk; ghb Kbj;jhd;. mtd; ghlhj nghUNs ,y;iy.

thd;Gfo; ts;Std;> neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ahj;j ,sq;Nfh> ,uhkfhij ghba ftpr; rf;futHj;jp fk;gd; Nghd;w GytHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH jdJ ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy ,e;j itaj;ij ghypj;jtH ftpQd; ghujpahH.

Vida jkpo;g; GytHfSf;Nfh ftpfSf;Nfh ,y;yhj jdpg; ngUik ghujpahUf;F cz;L. jkpo;j; Njrpaj;Jf;F fhy;Nfhs; ,l;l Kjy; ftpQd; vd;gJjhd; me;jg; ngUik!

jkpo;j; jha;f;F ghkhiy ghb Gfo;khiy rhj;jpatd;. jkpo;j; jha;f;F tho;j;Jg; ghba Kjy; ftpQd;. Gjpa fw;gid> Gjpa moF> Gjpa Rit> Gjpa tsk;> Gjpa nrhy;> Gjpa nghUs;>Gjpa ctik ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L etftpij ve;ehSk; mopahj kfh ftpij Gide;J jkpo; nkhopapd; kWkyHr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;l Gytd;. ,irj; jkpOf;F Vw;we; je;j ghlyhrpupaH. fhg;gpak; tbj;J nre;jkpod;idia moFgLj;jpatd;. ,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,izaw;w kfhftp.

kfhftp ghujpahupd; jkpo;j; jha; tho;j;J ,d;W jkpo;ehl;bd; gl;b njhl;bfspy; kl;Lky;y fly;fle;Jk; xypf;fpd;wd. thdiyfspy; vl;Lj; jpf;Fk; jd;kzk; tPrp ,ir nfhz;L jto;e;J tUfpd;wd.

tho;f epue;juk; tho;f jkpo;nkhop
    thopa thopaNt!
thdkse;j jidj;Jk; mse;jpLk;
    tz;nkhop thopa Nt
Vo;fly; itg;gpDe; jd;kzk; tPrp
    ,ir nfhz;L thopaNt!
vq;fs; jkpo;nkhop vq;fs; jkpo;nkhop
    vd;nwd;Wk; thopa Nt!

ghujp fhupif fw;W ftpij ghba ftpQd; my;y. fw;fis mLf;FtJNghy nrhw;fis mLf;fp tpj;jfk; nra;j GytDk; my;y. kfhftp ghujpahH xU gpwtpf; ftpQH. jdJ 12 MtJ mfitapNyNa ftpij ghb ghujp vd;w gl;lj;ij vl;laGu rk];jhdg; GytHfsplk; ,Ue;J ngw;wtH. jkpo;j; jha; mtH ehtpy; eHj;jdk; Mbdhs;. mtuJ thHj;ijfs; rj;jpa thHj;ijfshf cUf;nfhz;L> capHngw;W xypj;jd.

tlnkhop "Njtghi\" jkpo; nkhop "ePrghi\" vd;W nrhd;dtHfs; Kfj;jpy; fhwp ckpoe;J mtHfs; jiyFdpAkhW CUf;nfhU cz;ik nrhd;dhd; ""ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopNghy; ,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhNzhk.;"" ghujpahUf;F jkpiotpl tlnkhop> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> gpud;R nkhopfs; ed;whfj; njupe;jpUe;jd. vdNt jkpo; nkhopapd; ,dpik gw;wpa mtuJ jPHg;G mDgtG+HtkhdJ.

nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy - ,d;gj;
    Njd;te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy- vq;fs;
je;ijaH ehnlhd;w Ngr;rpdpNy - xU
    rf;jp gpwf;FJ %r;rpdpNy! (nre;jkpo;)

njs;Sw;w jkpo; mKjpd; Rit fz;L mjd; %yk; ,q;F mkuH rpwg;Gf; fhzKbahjtHfisg; "Ngbfs;" vd;Wk; "Ngijfs;" vd;Wk; Mj;jpuj;Jld; rgpj;jtH ghujp.

NtW NtW ghirfs; fw;gha; eP
tPl;L thHj;ij fw;fpyha; Ngh Ngh Ngh

nrhy;ypy; caHT jkpo;r;nrhy;Ny -
mijj; njhOJ gbj;jplb ghg;gh

jkpo;nkhopapd; ,dpik mwpahky; Mq;fpyf; fy;tp Kiwapy; Nkhfk; nfhz;L miygtHfisg; ghHj;J>

"eupf;Fzk; gilj;j ,op newpahsH"

"ehnadj; jpupAk; xw;wHfs;"

"tapw;Wf;Fr; NrhW NjLtijNa ngupnjdf;
nfhz;L jk; capiu tpiy $Wk; NgbaHfs;"

vd;nwy;yhk; fLikahfr; rhbdhH. Rje;jpuk; MuKJ mij cz;Zjw;F Mir nfhz;NlhH gpd;dH fs;spy; mwpitr; nrYj;JthNuh vdf; Nfl;fpwhH.

tPuRje;jpuk; Ntz;bepd;whH gpd;dH
    Ntnwhd;W nfhs;thNuh?- vd;Wk;
MuK Jz;Zjw; Mirnfhz;lhH gpd;dH
    fs;spy; mwpitr; nrYj;JthNuh?

vd;Wk;

,je;jU kidapd; ePq;fp
    ,lHkpF rpiwg;gl;lhYk;
gje;jpU ,uz;Lk; khwpg;
    gopkpFe; jpopTw; whYk;
tpje;jU Nfhb ,d;dy;
    tpise;njid mopj;jpl;lhYk;
Rje;jpu Njtp dpd;idj;
    njhOjply; kwf;fp NyNd!

vd;W ghujp md;W ghujehl;Lr; Rje;jpuj;ijg; gw;wpg; ghbaJ ,d;W vkf;Fk; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

kjthjpfs; Nahfk;> ahfk;> Qhdk; Nkhl;rj;jpd; jpwTNfhy; vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. ghujpahH Nahfk;> ahfk;> Qhdk; ,tw;wp;w;F Gjpa nghUs; nrhd;dhH.

CUf;Fioj;jply; Nahfk; - eyk;
    Xq;fpLkhW tUe;Jjy; ahfk;>
NghUf;F epd;wpLk;NghJk; - csk;
    nghq;fy; ,y;yhj mikjp nka;Qhdk;!

NkYk; nja;tk;> tPL> mkpo;jk;> mwk;> eufk; ,tw;wpw;Fk; ghujpahH Gjpa nghUs; $WfpwhH>

ke;jpuk; $WNthk; ...cz;ikNa nja;tk;
    ftiyaw;wpUj;jNy tPL - fspNa
mkpo;jk;> gad;tUQ; nra; ifNa awkhk;
    mr;rNk eufk;> mjidr; Rl;L
ey;yij ek;gp ey;yNj nra;f!

ghujpahH jkpopdj;jpd; ePLJapy; ePf;f ghbte;j KOepyh! jkpohy; jFjpngw;Wj; jkpOf;Fj; jFjp Njbj; je;j ghtyd;! ige;jkpo;j; NjUf;F ghfdha; tha;j;jtd;! jkpiog; gopj;jtidj; jha; jLj;jhYk; tpNld; vd;W kPiria KWf;fpa Kz;lhRf;fhud;!

,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; gFj;jwpT NgRtJ vspJ. Ehwhz;LfSf;F Kd;dH ghujp vd;w rpj;jH ghbdhH>

nrj;jgpwF rptNyhfk; itFe;jk;
NrHe;jplyh nkd;Nw vz;zp apUg;ghH
gpj;j kdpjH> mtHnrhYQ; rhj;jpuk;
NgAiuah nkd;wpq; $jlh rq;fk;!

NkYk; Nfl;ghH

Mapue; nja;tq;fs; cz;nld;W Njb miyAk; mwptpypfhs;! - gy;
yhapuk; Ntjk; mwpntd;Nw nja;tKz;lh nkdy; NfsPNuh?

nrd;wijapl;L vg;NghJk; rpe;ij nra;J nfhd;wopf;Fk; ftiynaDk; Fopapy; tPo;e;j FikAk; %liug; ghHj;J ghujp tpopg;ghH>

nrd;wjpdp kPshJ> %lNu! ePH
vg;NghJk; nrd;wijNa rpe;ij nra;J
nfhd;wopf;Fk; ftiynaDk; Fopapy; tPo;e;J
KikahjPH! nrd;wjidf; Fwpj;jy; Ntz;lhk;.
,d;WGjp jha;gpwe;Njhk; vd;W ePtpH
vz;zkijj; jpz;zKw ,irj;Jf; nfhz;L
jpd;W tpis ahbapd; Gw; wpUe;J tho;tPH>
jPiknayhk; mope;JNghk;> jpUk;gp tuh!

rptDk; rf;jpAk; xd;W. rptd; ghjp rf;jp ghjp vd;W Koq;fp tpl;L me;jr; rf;jp Vl;ilj; njhLtJ jPik vd;nwz;zp ,Ue;jtH kha;e;J tpl;lhH> tPl;Lf;;Fs;Ns ngz;izg; G+l;bitg; Nghnkd;w tpe;ij kdpjH jiy ftpo;e;jhH vd;W ngz;Zf;F tpLjiy Ntz;batH ghujp. NkYk;>

fw;G epiynad;W nrhy;y te;jhH;> ,U
fl;rpf;Fk; m/J nghJtpy; itg;Nghk;...

Mjpapy; ,y;yhJ ghjpapy; Mupaupd; ,e;J rkak; jkpoH tho;tpy; Vw;wpa rhjp Ntw;Wik> tHzhr;rpujHkk; vd;w eQ;R ,d;Wk; jkpo;ehl;by; xope;jhghlhapy;iy. rhjpapd; Nguhy; kdpjDk; kdpjDk; Nkhjpf; nfhs;fpwhd;.

rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh ! - Fyj;
    jho;r;rp caHr;rp nrhy;yy; ghtk;>
ePjp caHe;j kjp> fy;tp -md;G
    epiwa cilatHfs; NkNyhH...

rhjpf; nfhLikfs; Ntz;lhk; md;G jd;dpy; jioj;jpLk; itak; vd;w ghujpapd; mwpTiu jkpo;ehl;by; gad; ,y;yhJ NghapUg;gJ ahH nra;j ghtNkh?

jkpo;j; Njrpaj;Jf;F mbf;fy; ehl;ba kfhftp ghujpahH!

(kfhftp ghujpahupd; 128tJ gpwe;j ehs; epidTf; fl;Liu)

(ef;fPud;)

ahkwpe;j GytupNy fk;gidg; Nghy;
ts;StHNghy; ,sq;Nfhitg; Nghy;
ahq;fzNk gpwe;j jpy;iy
cz;ik ntWk; Gfo;r;rpapy;iy...:

vd;W kfhftp ghujpahH jkpo; ehl;by; Njhd;wpa khngUk; GytHfshd fk;gH> ts;StH> ,sq;Nfh %tiuAk; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbapUf;fpwhH.

"fHzndhL nfhil Nghapw;W> caHfk;g ehlhDld; ftpij Nghapw;W" vd;w $w;W fy;tpapy; ngupa fk;gupd; ftpjh tpyhrj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfUk;.

thd; Gfo; ts;Stupd; rpe;jid tsj;jpw;F fhyj;ij ntd;W epw;Fk; mtupd; jpUf;Fws; vd;w nghJkiw fl;baq; $Wk;.

,sq;Nfh mbfspd; Kj;jkpo;g; Gyikf;F mtH ,aw;wpa Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpakhd rpyg;gjpfhuk; rpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

fk;gd;> ts;Std;> ,sq;Nfh ,tHfNshL itj;Jg; Nghw;wf; $ba ,d;ndhU GytDk; jkpopy; cz;L. mtHjhd; kfh ftp ghujpahH. mtuJ thHj;ijapy; $Wtnjd;why;

Xuhapuk; Mz;Lfs; Xa;e;J fple;j gpd;dH
thuhJ Nghy; te;j XH khkzp

kfhftp ghujpahH. ,g; G+kpg;ge;jpy; Kg;gj;njhd;gJ mfit kl;Lk; tho;e;J kiwe;j kfhftp ghujp mLj;j %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F jdJ Kj;jpiuiaj; jkpo;f; ftpij ,yf;fpaj;jpy; gjpj;Jtpl;L kiwe;j Gytdhthd;.

NtW ahuplKk; fhzg;glhj ftpjh rf;jp jd;dplk; ,Ug;gij czHe;J nfhz;L ftpij gilj;jtH ghujpahH. ,y;yhtpl;lhy;-

Gtpaidj;Jk; Nghw;wplthd; Gfo;gilj;Jj;
jkpo;nkhopiag; Gfop Nyw;Wk;
ftpaurH jkpo;ehl;Lf; fpy;iynaDk;
tir nad;dhw; fope;j jd;Nw!

khHjl;b mtH nrhy;ypapUf;f KbahJ. ghujpahupd; thf;F "" cz;ik ntWk; Gfo;r;rp ,y;iy"" vd;gjw;F mtuJ ftpijfs; midj;Jk; rhl;rpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

ghujpahiug; gy Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghHj;jtHfs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ghujpahH-

MLNthNk gs;Sg; ghLNthNk
Mde;j Rje;jpuk; mile;J tpl;Nlhk;....

vd;W ghba ,e;jpaj; Njrpaf; ftp.

Rj;j mwpNt rptnkd;W $Wk;
RUjpfs; NfsPNuh -gy
gpj;j kjq;fsp NyjLkhwpg;
ngUik aoptPNuh?

vd;W Nfl;l Ntjhe;jp.

Kg;gJ Nfhb rdq;fspd; rq;fk;>
KOikf;Fk; nghJTlik...

vd;W cuj;J Koq;fpa nghJTlikthjp.

ehZk; mr;rKk; eha;fl;F Ntz;Lkhk;
     Qhd ey;ywk; tPu Rje;jpuk;
NgZ ew;Fbg; ngz;zpd; Fzq;fshk;......

vd;W ngz; tpLjiyf;F EhW Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH Fuy; nfhLj;j rkj;Jtthjp.

nrd;wjpdp kPshJ %lNu> ePH
vg;NghJk; nrd;wijNa rpe;ij nra;J
nfhd;wopf;Fk; ftiynaDk; Fopapy; tPo;e;J
FikahjPH nrd;wjidf; Fwpj;jy; Ntz;lh!

vd;W ,bj;J mwpTiu nrhd;d rPHjpUj;jthjp.

G+kpapNy> fz;lk; ma;e;J> kjq;fs; Nfhb!
Gj;j kjk;> rkz kjk;> ghH]p khHf;fk;
rhkpnad NaRgjk; Nghw;Wk; khHf;fk;

................................................................................

ahtpDf;Fk; cl;Gije;j fUj;jpq; nfhd;Nw....

vd;W rkag; nghJik Ngrpa nghJikthjp.

,t;thnwy;yhk; ghujpapd; gy gf;fq;fs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. mg;gb mtiuf; fhl;batHfs; mtiug; ghuhl;bapUf;fpwhHfs;. Nghw;wpapUf;fpwhHfs;. cr;rpNky; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhb ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ,it ahtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhd xU ghujp ,Uf;fpd;whH.

mtHjhd; jkpo;j; Njrpaj;jpw;F mbf;fy; ehl;ba ghujp. jkpo;j; jha;f;;F tho;j;Jg; ghba mku ftp. Jujpl;ltpjkhf ghujpahupd; kw;wg; gf;fq;fs; mwpKfkhd mstpw;F ,e;j jkpo;Njrpaf; ftp vd;w gf;fk; mwpKfkhfhJ Ngha;tpl;lJ.

ghujpf;F Kd;dH vj;jidNah GytHfSk;> ftpQHfSk;> ftpaurHfSk; tho;e;J kiwe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. vdf;F Kd;dH gy rpj;jHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs; ehDk; xUtd; te;Njdg;gh vd;W mtNu jd;idg;gw;wpg; ghb ,Uf;fpwhH.

,Ue;jkpNo cd;dhy; ,Ue;Njd;
ck;gH tpUe;jKjk; vd;whYk; Ntz;Nld;!

vd;W ,Wkhg;NghL jkpiof; fhjypj;j GytH ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

vd;id ed;whf ,iwtd; gilj;jdd;
jd;id ed;whf jkpo; nra;AkhNw!

vd;W nghd; Mir> kz; Mir> ngz; Mir ,tw;iwj; Jwe;j jpU%yH vd;w rpj;jH$l jdJ jkpo; Miria kl;Lk; tpl KbahJ ,g;gbg; ghbitj;Jg; NghapUf;fpwhH. jpU%yHjhd; jpUke;jpuj;ij ,aw;wpatH. vdNt vd;id ed;whf ,iwtd; gilj;jdd; jd;id ed;whfj; jpUke;jpuk; nra;AkhNw vd;W mtH ghbapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtH mg;gbg; ghltpy;iy. jkpo; nra;AkhNw vd;Wjhd; ghLfpwhH.

ryk; G+nthL Jhgk; kwe;jwpNad;
jkpNohL ,ir ghly; kwe;jwpNad;.

vd mg;gH jdJ jkpo;nkhopg; gw;iwAk;> jkpopirg; gw;iwAk; mtH ghba Njthuq;fspy; ntspf;fhl;b ,Uf;fpwhH.

vq;fs; tho;Tk; vq;fs; tsKk;
kq;fhj jkpnod;W rq;Nf Koq;F!

vd;W ghujpf;F xU jhrd; Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; jd; jkpo;nkhopg; gw;iw Cuwpa cyfwpa Koq;fp ,Uf;fpwhH.

Mdhy; ,tHfspy; ahUNk NgRk; jkpo;nkhopf;Fk; gpwe;j nghd;dhl;Lf;Fk;< me;j kz;zpd; kf;fshd jkpoHf;Fk; yhyp ghltpy;iy.

kfhftp ghujpahH kl;LNk Kjd; Kjypy; jkpo;j; jha;f;F tho;j;Jg; ghbdhH. mtH xUtNu jkpo;ehl;Lf;F tho;j;Jg; ghbdhH. mtH xUtNu jkpoHf;F tho;j;Jg; ghbdhH.

kfhftp ghujpahupd; jkpo;nkhop tho;j;Jg; gh xypf;fhj jkpo;Nkil ,d;W fpilahJ.

tho;f epue;juk; tho;f jkpo;nkhop
    thopa thopaNt!
thdkse;j jidj;Jk; mse;jpLk;
    tz;nkhop thopa Nt
Vo;fly; itg;gpDe; jd;kzk; tPrp
    ,ir nfhz;L thopaNt!
vq;fs; jkpo;nkhop vq;fs; jkpo;nkhop
    vd;nwd;Wk; thopa Nt!

#o;fyp ePq;fj; jkpo;nkhop Xq;fj;
    Jyq;Ff itafNk!
njhy;iy tpid jU njhy;iy afd;W
    RlHf jkpo; ehNl!
tho;f jkpo;nkhop! tho;f jkpo;nkhop!
    tho;f jkpo; nkhop Na!
thdk; mwpe;j jidj;Jk; mwpe;J
    tsH nkhop thopa Nt!

kfhftp ghujpahH xU gpwtpf; ftpQH. fhupif fw;W ftpij ghba ftpQdy;y. jkpo; nkhop mtUf;Fr; Nrtfk; nra;jJ. mjdhy; mtuJ thHj;ijfs; rj;jpa thHj;ijfshf capHngw;W xypf;fpd;wd.

""ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopNghy; ,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhNzhk;"" vd;W jkpiog; Nghw;wpg; ghba ftpQUk; ghujpahHjhd;. ghujpahUf;F jkpiotpl tlnkhop> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> gpud;R nkhopfs; ed;whfj; njupe;jpUe;jd. vdNt jkpo; nkhopapd; ,dpik gw;wpa mtuJ jPHg;G czHT G+Htkhf ,y;yhky; mwpT G+Htkhf ,Ug;gjhfNt ehk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy - ,d;gj;
    Njd;te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy- vq;fs;
je;ijaH ehnlhd;w Ngr;rpdpNy - xU
    rf;jp gpwf;FJ %r;rpdpNy! (nre;jkpo;)

jkpo;j; Njrpaj;Jf;F mbf;fy; ehl;ba ,d;ndhUtH kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhH. mtUk; jkpo;j; nja;t tzf;fg; ghly; xd;W ghbapUf;fpwhH.

"ePuhUq; flYLj;j ep ykle;ijf; nfop nyhOFQ; rPuhUk; tjdk; vdj;.........." njhlq;Fk; ghly; mJ. kNdhd;kzpak; vd;W mtH vOjpa ehlfj;jpy; tUfpwJ.

ePuhUq; flYLj;j epykle;ijf; nfopnyhOFQ;
rPuhUk; tjdnkdj; jpfo;guj fz;lk; ,jpy;
jf;frpW gpiw EjYe; jupj;j eWe; jpyfKNk
njf;fzKk; mjpw;rpwe;j jpuhtplew; jpUehLk;
mj;jpyf thridNghy; midj;JyFk; ,d;gKw
vj;jpirAk; Gfo;kzf;f ,Ue;jngUe; jkpozq;Nf!

Re;judhupd; jkpo;j; nja;t tzf;fg; ghlypd; Kjy; rpy tupfs; ,it. ghujpahH ghly;NghyNt ,e;jg; ghlYk; jkpo;j; jha; tho;j;jhfg; gbf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; vspik fUjp ghujpahupd; jkpo;nkhop tho;j;Nj ngU tof;fpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

vdNt jkpo;j; Njrpaj;Jf;F mbf;fy; ehl;ba kfhftp ghujpahH> kNdhz;kzpak; Re;judhH ,UtiuAk; Nghw;wp tzq;FtNjhL jkpo;j; Njrpaj;ij NkYk; NkYk; tsHj;njLf;fTk; ehq;fs; cWjp G+ZNthkhf. (ed;wp: ,Ug;gpd; NtHfs;)

jhd jdj;jd jhd jhdj;jd

jhd je;jh Nd

,e;jf; fhyj;jpy;$l "fhjy;" vd;why; fhijg; nghj;JfpwtHfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. Ehwhz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu ghujp ghbdhH.

tzf;fk;. vOj;jhsdhy; fl;Liuia vOjj;jhd; KbAk;. mjid ey;yKiwapy; tbtikj;J ntspapLtJ gj;jpupif MrpupauJ nghWg;G. ghujpgw;wpa vdJ fl;Liu VNdh jhNdh vd;W ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kwpay;fhuHfs; ,g;gbj;jhd; kwpay; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Ntiy nra;thHfs;.

ftpijfs; vg;NghJk; jbj;j vOj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ftpijf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fSf;Fk; Ntw;Wik ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

(kfhftp ghujpahupd; 125MtJ gpwe;j ehs; epidTf; fl;Liu)

ghbaJNghyNt kfhftp ghujpahH eiu jpiu> KJik ; jdJ  39 MtJ mfitapy; G+jTliy ePf;fp GfOlk;G va;jpdhH. mtH gpwe;j ehs; khHfop 11> 1882.  kiwe;jJ Gul;lhjp 11> 1921. ,e;j 39 Mz;Lfspy; Njr tpLjiy> ngz; tpLjiy> rhjp xopg;G> jdpAlik xopg;G> %lgf;jp xopg;G> Ntjhe;jk;> rpj;jhe;jk; ,g;gb vy;yhg; nghUs;gw;wpAk; ghb Kbj;jhd;. mtd; ghlhj nghUNs ,y;iy.  

thd;Gfo; ts;Std;> neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ahj;j ,sq;Nfh>  ,uhkfhij ghba ftpr; rf;futHj;jp fk;gd; Nghd;w GytHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH jdJ ghl;Lj;  jpwj;jhNy ,e;j itaj;ij ghypj;jtH ftpQd; ghujpahH. 

Vida jkpo;g; GytHfSf;Nfh ghtyHfSf;Nfh ,y;yhj jdpg; ngUik ghujpahUf;F cz;L. jkpo;j; Njrpaj;Jf;F fhy;Nfhs; ,l;l Kjy; ftpQd; vd;gJjhd; me;jg; ngUik!  

jkpo;j; jha;f;F ghkhiy ghb Gfo;khiy rhj;jpatd; ghujp.  jkpo;j; jha;f;F tho;j;Jg; ghba Kjy; ftpQd; ghujp.  Gjpa Rit> Gjpa fw;gid> Gjpa moF> Gjpa tsk;> Gjpa nrhy;> Gjpa nghUs;> Gjpa ctik ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L GJf; ftpij ve;ehSk; mopahj kfh ftpij Gide;J  jkpo; nkhopapd; kWkyHr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;l Gytd;.  ,irj; jkpOf;F Vw;we; je;j ghlyhrpupaH.  fhg;gpak; fl;b  nre;jkpod;idia moFgLj;jpatd;. ,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,izaw;w kfhftp.

kfhftp ghujpahupd; jkpo;j; jha; tho;j;J ,d;W jkpo;ehl;bd; gl;b njhl;bfspy; kl;Lky;y fly;fle;Jk; xypf;fpd;wd. thdiyfspy; vl;Lj; jpf;Fk; jd;kzk; tPrp  ,ir nfhz;L jto;e;J tUfpd;wd.

ghujp fhupif fw;W ftpij ghba ftpQd; my;y. fw;fis mLf;FtJNghy nrhw;fis mLf;fp tpj;jfk; nra;j GytDk; my;y. ghujpahH xU gpwtpf; ftpQH. jdJ 12MtJ mfitapNyNa ftpij ghb ghujp vd;w gl;lj;ij vl;laGu rk];jhdg; GytHfsplk; ,Ue;J ngw;wtH.   

jkpo;j; jha; mtH ehtpy; eldk; Mbdhs;. mtuJ thHj;ijfs; rj;jpa thHj;ijfshf cUf;nfhz;L> capHngw;W vOe;jd.

tlnkhop Njtghi\ jkpo; nkhop ePrghi\ vd;W nrhd;dtHfs; Kfj;jpy; fhwp ckpo;e;J mtHfs; jiyFdpAkhW CUf;nfhU cz;ik nrhd;dhd;- ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopNghy; ,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhNzhk.;  

ghujpahUf;F jkpNohL tlnkhop> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> gpuQ;R nkhopfs; ed;whfj;  njupe;jpUe;jd. vdNt jkpo; nkhopapd; ,dpik gw;wpa mtuJ jPHg;G gl;lwptpd; mbg;gilapyhdJ.  

njs;Sw;w jkpo; mKjpd; Rit fz;L mjd; %yk; ,q;F mkuH rpwg;Gf; fhzKbahjtHfisg; Ngbfs; vd;Wk; Ngijfs; vd;Wk; Mj;jpuj;Jld; rgpj;jtH ghujp.  

jkpo;nkhopapd; ,dpik mwpahky; Mq;fpyf; fy;tp Kiwapy; Nkhfk; nfhz;L miygtHfisg; ghHj;J ghujp>

vd;nwy;yhk; fLikahfr; rhbdhH. Rje;jpuk; MuKJ mij cz;Zjw;F Mir nfhz;NlhH gpd;dH fs;spy; mwpitr; nrYj;JthNuh vdf; Nfl;lhH. 

vd;Wk;

vd;W ghujp md;W ghujehl;Lr; Rje;jpuj;ijg; gw;wpg; ghbaJ ,d;W vkf;Fk; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.  

kjthjpfs; Nahfk;> ahfk;> Qhdk; Nkhl;rj;jpd; jpwTNfhy; vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. ghujpahH Nahfk;> ahfk;> Qhdk; ,tw;wp;w;F Gjpa nghUs; nrhd;dhH. 

NkYk; nja;tk;> tPL> mkpo;jk;> mwk;> eufk; ,tw;wpw;Fk; ghujpahH Gjpa nghUs; $WfpwhH>

ghujpahH jkpopdj;jpd; ePLJapy; ePf;f ghbte;j KOepyh! jkpohy; jFjpngw;Wj; jkpOf;Fj; jFjp Njbj; je;j ghtyd;! ige;jkpo;j; NjUf;F ghfdha; tha;j;jtd;! jkpiog; gopj;jtidj; jha; jLj;jhYk; tpNld; vd;W kPiria KWf;fpa Kz;lhRf;fhud;!  

,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; gFj;jwpT NgRtJ vspJ. Ehwhz;LfSf;F Kd;dH ghujp vd;w rpj;jH ghbdhH> 

NkYk; Nfl;ghH 

nrd;wijapl;L vg;NghJk; rpe;ij nra;J nfhd;wopf;Fk; ftiynaDk; Fopapy; tPo;e;j FikAk; %liug; ghHj;J ghujp tpopg;ghH>

,d;WGjp jha;gpwe;Njhk; vd;W ePtpH
     vz;zkijj; jpz;zKw ,irj;Jf; nfhz;L
jpd;W tpis ahbapd; Gw; wpUe;J tho;tPH>
     jPiknayhk; mope;JNghk;> jpUk;gp tuh. 

rptDk; rf;jpAk; xd;W . rptd; ghjp rf;jp ghjp vd;W Koq;fp tpl;L ngz;fs; Vl;ilj; njhLtJ jPik vd;nwz;zp ,Ue;jtH kha;e;J tpl;lhH> tPl;Lf;;Fs;Ns ngz;izg; G+l;bitg; Nghnkd;w tpe;ij kdpjH jiy ftpo;e;jhH vd;nwy;yhk; ngz;Zf;F tpLjiy Ntz;batH ghujp. NkYk;>

Mjpapy; ,y;yhJ ghjpapy; Mupaupd; ,e;J rkak; jkpoH tho;tpy; Vw;wpa rhjp Ntw;Wik> tHzhr;rpujHkk; vd;w eQ;R ,d;Wk; jkpo;ehl;by; xope;jghlhapy;iy. rhjpapd; Nguhy; kdpjDk; kdpjDk; Nkhjpf; nfhs;fpwhd;.  

rhjpf; nfhLikfs; Ntz;lhk; md;G jd;dpy; jioj;jpLk; itak; vd;w ghujpapd; mwpTiu jkpo;ehl;by; ,d;Wk; gad; ,y;yhJ NghapUg;gJ ahH nra;j ghtNkh? 

ghujpahH ,aw;wpa fz;zk;kh ghly;fSf;F Nehngy; gupR nfhLj;jpUf;fyhk;. my;yJ mtH ghba ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpw;Fg; gupR nfhLj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; 1913 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhd Nehngy; gupR tq;fhspf; ftpQH ,utPPe;jehj; jh$Uf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. fhuzk; mtH Mq;fpyj;jpYk; ftpijfs; ,aw;wp ,Ue;jhH.  

7. ghujpahu;

mtd;
Mdhd; -
Mz;
mt;itahf;
Mf;fpdhd; - Gjpa
Mj;jpR+b nrt;itahf!

ghujpiag;
ghu;j;j gpd;Gjhd;...
mk;Gtp
mwpe;J nfhz;lJ -
mwpTj; nja;tk; ru];tjp
Mz;ghy; vd;W;
kq;ifA kpy;iy -
nfhq;ifA kpy;iy -
MapDk; -
mtdplk; ...
rjh
Rue;jJ
rPk;ghy; NghNy - nre;jkpo;j;
jPk;ghy; md;W !

‘dp’tpy; epd;wd -
Fwpy;fSk; neby;fSkha;...
jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; -
jpdk; jpdk; -
jpUty;ypf;Nfzpapy; - mtd;
jpUkhspif Kdk;;
‘mfuhjpapy;
mkuhky; - ma;ah! cd;
me;jhjpapy;
mku;e;jhy; jhd;...
vkf;nfyhk;
Vw;gLk; fdk;!’ vd -
xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; - mtdplk;
Xthky; nrhy;Yk;!

G+Q;rhzk; gpbj;j
ghj;jpuk; NghNy...
,Ue;jJ
,j; Njak;; vl;la -
Guj;jhd; jhd; - mjw;Fg;
G+rpdhd; <ak;!
jh$u; -
jd;idAk; kpQ;Rk; - mtdJ
eh$u;; me;j
ehtpd; $uhy; - tUzk;
ehd;ifAk; tfpu;e;jhd;;
Nkl;Lf; FbiaAk; -
Xl;Lf; FbiaAk; -
ghl;Lj; juhrpy; -
Nghl;L epWj;J...
Xu; vil - vd
Xu;e;J - vy;yhtw;iwAk;
rfyUf;Fk; -
rkkhfg; gfpu;e;jhd;!

ngz; vd;gts; -
Gilit fl;ba Mz;!
mtSf;F Vd; -
mr;rk;; klk;; ehz;?’
vd -
vupe;J -
khjuhu; Kfq;fspy; -
kPir vOjpdhd;; mjd;Nky; -
Mz;; ngz;; epfu; vDk; - jdJ
Mir vOjpdhd;!
jho;e;J fple;jJ -
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jiuiag; ghu;j;j -
jhiliag; gpbj;J - ‘ePs;
tiuiag; ghu;!’ vd - epkpu;j;jp
tpl;ljtd; vOj;J!

Nkhidf; fhypy; -
Kj;jkpio epWj;jp - xUehs;
Midf; fhypy; -
mbgl;Lg; Nghdhd;;
NghdJNghy; Ngha;g; -
Nghfhjtd; Mdhd;!

8. ghujpjhrd;

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%iyf; fr;rk;; ,e;j -
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,td; -
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mfit Kg;gj;njhd;gjpNyNa -
mtd; Kbe;J Nghdjhy;...
tpl;Lg; Nghd -
tp\aq;fis ...
mtd; nrhd;dhd; -
,td;%yk;;
mtd; jhNd -
,td; %yk;!

gzpfs;
ghf;fpapUe;jjdhNy...
ghujpjhd;
ghujpjhrdha; ePz;lhd;;
gFj;jwpTf; nfht;thj
gok; -
gQ;rhq;fq;fisg;
ghl;L efq;fshy; fPz;lhd;!
Gul;rpf; ftpahfg; -
G+j;J...
njha;e;J fple;j
njhd;ikj; jkpo;f;Fbf;F -
ike;J $l;bdhd;; jd;
khdr;NrhW Cl;bdhd;!
rpe;J vDk;
rpyk;gk; Row;wpdhd;;
te;J jkpio
tpOq;fj; Jzpe;j -
fNghjpfspd;
fghyk; fow;wpdhd;;
jkpioAk; -
jkpoiuAk; -
gpwnkhop ntg;gk;
gPbj;J tplhky;...
ftpijf;
Filia
ePs tpupj;J -
ehSk; epow;wpdhd;!

tpjitf;Fg; nghl;Litj;jhd;; kj
ntwpau;f;Ff; Fl;L itj;jhd;;
jkpo;j;
Jg;ghf;fpapy; -
ghl;Lj; Njhl;lhf;fisg;
Nghl;L epug;gp -
ngz;zbik Ngzpepd;w -
Ngaiur; Rl;Litj;jhd;;
jpUe;jhjhu;
jk;ikf; - fhyk;
jpUj;jl;Lk; vd;W
jz;zspahy; tpl;Litj;jhd;!

ghjk; Kisj;j
gRe;jkpohf - vq;fs;
ghujp jhrndd;Dk;
ghl;luR -
cytpa -
Cu; vd;gjhy;...
GJit kz;izg;
G+rpg;Ngd;; tpG+jpaha;g;
GJit kz;izg;
G+rpg;Ngd;!

- ,d;dKk; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;...

By V.R. Krishna Iyer

Today is Human Rights Day. Let us remember Subramania Bharathi. Never in the contemporary history of free nations did live a celestial composer of revolutionary rage so sublime as Subramania Bharathi. Never, in the annals of living Asian memory, did a literary figure leave his land as a patriotic poet to battle for ``swaraj'' through pen and song power and use the Muses' gift to rouse, with lovely lyrics, folk music with poetic passion and daring prose the slumbering populace into vibrant nationalism, like Bharathi. Never from vintage ages, did any Indian literary wonder serve the cause of human progress as, in Rajaji's measured praise, ``Bharathi has served the Tamils in recent times by his writings''. Never did modern Indian literature, to borrow the felicitous diction of Sarojini Naidu, find any men of letters ``to rank among those who have transcended all limitation of race, language and continent, and have become the universal possession of mankind'' as Bharathi.

Cosmic vision, patriotic mission and nationalist passion for human redemption were his laureate cerebration and celebration. Tamil literature and culture are an ancient storehouse which equal or excel other great Eastern heritages. Thiruvalluvar, the wisest of the East, fills us with pride as an unparalleled paradigm of the Tamil treasury of knowledge. Even so, the 20th century Tamil literature is perhaps the Age of Subramania Bharathi.

The blended literary beauty, militant melody, cultural-political renaissance and modern noetic radicalism he inaugurated have no creative rival in any language. His popular ballads, marching songs, devotional music and prose poems are a minstrel marvel of aesthetic variety, originality and serendipity. His great works such as Panchali Sapatam, Kannan Pattu and Kuyil Pattu are a versatile genius blossoming into rare excellence.

Legends were transformed by him into messages of freedom struggle and his epic poems from the Mahabharat conveyed, with aesthetic magic, philosophical truths de profundis. He gave to his countrymen ``the mantra of redemption the religion of patriotism''.

The perspective of Bharathi was political, practical and folk-oriented; his principal proposition was human liberation, material and spiritual, his protean talent had people's power and folk fascination. Foremost is his moving music, charged with nationalism and humanism, marching as revolution in locomotion and insurrection against foreign subjugation. He died young in 1921 and his soul, every cell, was a commitment to People's Raj, Bharat Swaraj.

He edited India,inaugurating a national awakening and enriching his literary incarnation as an aesthetic rebel against imperialism. How entrancingly amazing that this uniquely phenomenal spirit burst into ecstatic poetry shortly after the Russian October Revolution! He exclaimed in glorious verse: ``O people of the world, Behold this mighty change!''

His compositions thrilled music concerts, his songs moved the youth into the streets, trooping and singing for social equality and poorna swaraj. He soared on the luminous wings of song and flew, with felicity, on ballads and ditties and poems for common country fraternity.

All he wrote were for the human ascent and divine descent, warming up in adoration for a New World Order without hunger, with dignity of labour and for the fulfillment of Freedom for all Creation. What grand spectrum, what panoramic perspective! What sublime thought, folklore and legend transmuted into the golden treasury of literature at its finest hour!

Among his most ecstatic, most exciting, patriotic, popular pieces is one of cosmic dimension and unique humanism. ``To none on earth shall we henceforth be slaves!'' Four score years and more ago he left his mortal coil, but his undying fire is still with us, his immortal atman still inspires us. Salutations from afar to that deathless star, Bharatiyar, whose presence amongst us is invisibly real and indelibly perennial.

What symphonic movement, harmonic hymn, semantic sweep are thine and what nationalist, yet global Pegasus thou art! You stirred a generation of young and old, awakened vast number of Tamils into the worth of the human person, invested the nation with a holistic persuasion of its destination! Today, the Human Rights Day, remembering you is a national obligation. I devote my thoughts in this brief write-up on your poetised patrimony and seek to audit the process of decline and fall of your dreams bequeathed to us.

Bharathi belongs to Bharat's lowliest, lost and the last. We shall not betray this grand bequest. But do we stand by that majestic, magnificent estate we call our social order and global harmony? I am a sceptic here.

Human rights now indivisibly include civil and political rights, social, economic and cultural rights, right to peace and security, community integrity and development, to health and education, gender equality, child rights, access to justice, to democracy, freedom from torture by private or State agencies and a host of new but important rights like protection against pollution, killer technology, opium of noxious consumerism, mental-moral degeneracy through global, glitteratti propaganda, plus collective rights sans which individual rights are cipherised.

This holism is quintessential if human rights are not to be a mere rope of sand. What, at present, is the rude, even rabid, reality vis-a-vis development? Growth, without distributive justice, which, in effect, is but ``creative destruction'' in its over-all impact. The models of globalisation and the ``Asian tiger'' States are built on debt and corruption. The upheavals of capitalism in the 1930s are writ large now, as the boast of global economy is crumbling in the Third World. People everywhere are suffering from ``globophobia'' except India's Finance Minister who still hopes against hope that our country will somehow prosper.

A new International Economic Order, away from the Mammon and Market, but more human and Good Samaritan is the desideratum, if macabre gloom is not to make our future grimy and grim. The U.S. is now the U.N as all nations are expected to be limpets. This is recolonisation Bharathi anathematized. Human Rights for Indians mean defiance of international chicanery and corporate demagogy. If Life should win, Bharathi must be taken more seriously.

Mahakavi Subramaniya Bharathi

Mahakavi Subramaniya Bharathi was born on 11 December 1882. He died on 11 September 1921. In a relatively short life span of 39 years, Bharathi left an indelible mark as the poet of Tamil nationalism and Indian freedom.

Bharathi's mother died in 1887 and two years later, his father also died. At the age of 11, in 1893 his prowess as a poet was recognised and he was accorded the title of 'bharathi' at Ettiyapuram. He was a student at Nellai Hindu School and in 1897 he married Sellamal. Thererafter, from 1898 to 1902, he lived in Kasi.

Bharathi worked as a school teacher and as a journal editor at various times in his life. As a Tamil poet he ranked with Ilanko, Thiruvalluvar and Kamban. His writings gave new life to the Tamil language - and to Tamil national consciousness. He involved himself actively in the Indian freedom struggle. It is sometimes said of Bharathi that he was first an Indian and then a Tamil. Perhaps, it would be more correct to say that he was a Tamil and because he was a Tamil he was also an Indian. For him it was not either or but both - it was not possible for him to be one without also being the other.

Bharathi often referred to Tamil as his 'mother'. At the sametime, he was fluent in many languages including Bengali, Hindi, Sanskrit, Kuuch, and English and frequently translated works from other languages into Tamil. His yambinft emazikqiEl tmizfemaziEpalf ;[itavT 'gfKmf kaE]amf, (among all the languages we know, we do not see anywhere, any as sweet as Tamil) was his moving tribute to his mother tongue.

That many a Tamil web site carries the words of that song on its home page in cyber space today is a reflection of the hold that those words continue to have on Tamil minds and Tamil hearts.

His ecnftmizf naed{mf Epati[iEl -;[fptf Et[fvnfT pay<T kati[iEl was Bharathi's salute to the Tamil nation and many a Tamil child has learnt and memorised those moving words from a very young age - and I count myself as one of them.

Bharathi was a Hindu. But his spirituality was not limited. He sang to the Hindu deities, and at the same time he wrote songs of devotion to Jesus Christ and Allah. Bharathi was a vigorous campaigner against casteism. He wrote in 'Vande Matharam' :

[hjp kjq;fisg; ghNuhk; - caH
    [d;kk;,j; Njrj;jpy; va;jpduhapd;
Ntjpa uhapDk; xd;Nw - md;wp
    NtW Fyj;jpd uhapDk; xd;Nw.

We shall not look at caste or religion, All human beings in this land
- whether they be those who preach the vedas or who belong to other castes - are one

Bharathi lived during an eventful period of Indian history. Gandhi, Tilak, Aurobindo and V.V.S.Aiyar were his contemporaries. He involved himself with passion in the Indian freedom struggle. His 'Viduthalai, Viduthalai' was a clarion call for freedom from alien rule. He saw a great India. He saw an India of skilled workers and an educated people. He saw an India where women would be free. His  poems expressed the depth of his love and the breadth of his vision for India.

He participated in the 1906 All India Congress meeting in Calcutta (chaired by Dadabhai Naoroji) where the demand for 'Swaraj' was raised for the first time. Bharathi supported the demand wholeheartedly and found himself in the militant wing of the Indian National Congress together with Tilak and Aurobindo. Aurobindo writing on the historic 1906 Congress had this to say:

Many Tamils will see the parallels with the Vaddukoddai Resolution of 1976 which proclaimed independence for the Tamils of Eelam - the work of older men determined to have 'this great ideal and nothing else' and the later determination of Tamil youth to devote their lives, and 'if necessary sacrifice them' to make that ideal a reality.

Bharathi served as Assistant Editor of the Swadeshamitran in 1904. In April 1907, he became the editor of the Tamil weekly 'India'. At the sametime he also edited the English newspaper 'Bala Bharatham'. He participated in the historic Surat Congress in 1907, which saw a sharpening of the divisions within the Indian National Congress between the militant wing led by Tilak and Aurobindo and the 'moderates'. Subramanya Bharathi supported Tilak and Aurobindo together with 'Kapal Otiya Thamilan' V.O.Chidambarampillai and Kanchi Varathaachariyar. Tilak openly supported armed resistance and the Swadeshi movement.

These were the years when Bharathi immersed himself in writing and in political activity. In Madras, in 1908, he organised a mammoth public meeting to celebrate 'Swaraj Day'. His poems 'Vanthe Matharam', 'Enthayum Thayum', 'Jaya Bharath' were printed and distributed free to the Tamil people.

In 1908, he gave evidence in the case which had been instituted by the British against 'Kappal Otiya Thamizhan', V.O.Chidambarampillai. In the same year, the proprietor of the 'India' was arrested in Madras. Faced with the prospect of arrest, Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry which was under French rule.

From there Bharathi edited and published the 'India' weekly. He also edited and published 'Vijaya', a Tamil daily, Bala Bharatha, an English monthly, and 'Suryothayam' a local weekly of Pondicherry. Under his leadership the Bala Bharatha Sangam was also started. The British waylaid and stopped remittances and letters to the papers. Both 'India' and 'Vijaya' were banned in British India in 1909.

The British suppression of the militancy was systematic and thorough. Tilak was exiled to Burma. Aurobindo escaped to Pondicherry in 1910. Bharathi met with Aurobindo in Pondicherry and the discussions often turned to religion and philosophy. He assisted Aurobindo in the 'Arya' journal and later 'Karma Yogi' in Pondicherry. In November 1910, Bharathi released an 'Anthology of Poems' which included 'Kanavu'.

V.V.S. Aiyar also arrived in Pondicherry in 1910 and the British Indian patriots, who were called 'Swadeshis' would meet often. They included Bharathi, Aurobindo and V.V.S.Aiyar. R.S.Padmanabhan in his Biography of V.V.S.Aiyar writes:

In 1912, Bharathy published the Bhavad Gita in Tamil as well as Kannan Paatu, Kuyil and Panjali Sabatham.

After the end of World War I, Bharathi entered British India near Cuddalore in November 1918. He was arrested. He was released after three weeks in custody. These were years of hardship and poverty. (Eventually, the General Amnesty Order of 1920 removed all restrictions on his movement). Bharathy met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 and in 1920, Bharathy resumed editorship of the Swadeshamitran in Madras.

This was one year before his death in 1921. Today, more than seventy five years later, Subaramanya Bharathy stands as an undying symbol not only of a vibrant Tamil nationalism but also of the unity that is India.