Nrhjplg

fle;j Nk 4 Mk; ehs; ,uT 11.51 kzpf;Fg; Gtpapd; nkd;epoy; gug;gpDs; (penumbra) epyh GFe;j nghOJ fpufzk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,uT 12.48 kzpf;Fg; gpd;dNu fpufzk; ntw;Wf; fz;Zf;Fj; njhpe;jJ. gpd;dH epyh mjpfhiy Gtpapd; fUepoy; gug;gpDs; (umbra) GFe;j nghOJ KOikahd re;jpu fpufzk; Vw;gl;lJ. mJ mjpfhiy 3.08 kzp tiu ePbj;jJ. gpd;dH mjpfhiy 5.10 kzpf;F fpufzk; epiwtile;jJ.

,e;jr; re;jpu fpufzk; ,e;jpah> Mg;fdp];jhd;> fpof;F INuhg;gh ehLfspy; KO mstpYk;> Nkw;F ma;Nuhg;gh> mT];jpNuypah> Mgpupf;fh> kj;jpa fpof;Fg; Nghd;w ehLfspy; Fiwthd mstpYk; njupe;jJ. tl mnkupf;fhtpy; njupatpy;iy.

mLj;j re;jpu fpufzk; xf;NjhgH 28 ,y; ,lk; ngWk;. mJ tlNkw;F ma;Nuhg;gh>mnkupf;fh> Mgpupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; KO mstpy; njupAk;. Vwj;jhs XH Mz;L ,ilntspapy; ,lk;ngWk; %d;whtJ re;jpu fpufzk; ,JthFk;. fle;j 2003 Nk 15> 16 kw;Wk; nehntk;gH 8 ehs;fspy; re;jpu fpufzk; ,lk; ngw;wJ.

,g;nghOJ mjpfhiy Neuq;fspy; thdj;jpy; ,U Gjpa thy;nts;spfs; (comets) kw;Wk; tpahod;> rdp> nts;sp> nrt;tha;> Gjd; Kjypa Nfhs;fisf; fhzyhk;.

,e;j thy;nts;spfspd; ngaH ePl; (Neat) kw;Wk; yPdpah; (Linear) vd;gjhFk;. yPdpah; thy;nts;sp rpwpa thYld; $ba kq;fyhd xspg; ge;JNghy; njhlf;fj;jpy; Njhd;wpdhYk;> Nk khjj;jpd; eLg;gFjpapy; J}R kw;Wk; thAtpdhyhd mjd; thYld; xspkakhfj; njhpAk;. ,e;j thy;nts;spia thdpd; njd;Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; ghh;f;fyhk;.

QhapW kiwe;J xUkzp Neuj;jpd; gpd;dh;> irupa]; (Sirius) el;rj;jpuj;jpd; mUfpy; Mfhaj;jpd; njd;Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; ePl; thy; el;rj;jpuk; Njhd;Wk;. Nk Kjy; fpoikapy; ,Ue;J ,ijj; yPdpaH thy; nts;sp njspthfg; ghh;f;fKbAk;.

re;jpu fpufzk; Vw;gLtJ xU rhjhuz epfo;T. QhapW> Gtp> epyh ,e;j %d;Wk; mNj tupirapy; NeHf; Nfhl;by; tUk;nghOJ re;jpu fpufzk; Vw;gLfpwJ. Mz;by; ,UKiw KOf; fpufzk; Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L. re;jpu fpufz Neuj;jpy; re;jpudpy; ,Ue;J Gtpiag; ghHj;jhy; Gtp Qhapiw kiwg;gjijf; fhzyhk;.

thdpay; gw;wpa mwpT Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; re;jpu-#upa fpufzq;fisf; fz;L kf;fs; mr;rk; mile;jhHfs;. ,uhF NfJ vd;w ghk;Gfs; re;jpu-#upaiuf; ft;Ttjhy; fpufzk; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W ek;gpdhHfs;.

,e;j %l ek;gpf;ifiar; NrhjplHfs; ,d;Dk; iftpltpy;iy. njd;dpyq;ifiar; NrHe;j fhkpdp tpf;fpuk#upah vd;w NrhjplH ,e;j re;jpu fpufzKk; thy; el;rj;jpuq;fSk; xNu rkaj;jpy; Njhd;WtJ ehl;bw;Ff; NfL vd;Wk; ehL NghUf;F Kfq;;nfhLf;f Ntz;ba #o;epiy Vw;glyhk; vd;Wk; vjpHT$wy; $wpapUf;fpd;whH. NkYk; kf;fs; vjpHT;ghuhj tpgj;Jf;fisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;b tuyhk; vd;Wk; ,t;thwhdnjhU re;jpu fpufzk; fle;j Mz;L Vg;upypy; Vw;gl;lnghOJ ehl;by; fLikahd nts;sg; ngUf;F Vw;gl;L mjpfkhNdhh; ,we;jdh; vd;Wk; njhptpj;Js;shH.

NrhjplH nrhy;Yk; tpgj;Jf;fs;> nts;sg; ngUf;Ffs; Mz;L KOtJk; eilngWgit. re;jpu fpufzk; ,lk; ngwhjnghOJk; eilngw;witNa.

,ij vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ 14 tJ kf;fs; mitf;fhd ehd;fhtJ fl;lj; NjHjy; Nk 5 ,y; ele;J Kbe;Js;sJ. Kjy; %d;W fl;lj; NjHjy; KiwNa Vg;upy; 20> 22> 26 ,y; Kbtile;jJ. ,Wjpf; fl;lj; NjHjy; Nk 10 (2004) ,y; eilngw cs;sJ.

NjHjy; KbTfs; Nk 13 ,y; ,Ue;J ntsptuj; njhlq;Fk;. kf;fs; mitf;fhd nkhj;jj; njhFjpfspd; vz;zpf;if 543 MFk;.

njhlf;fj;jpy; nra;jp Clfq;fs; elj;jpa fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gf;fs; ghujpa [djh fl;rpapd; jiyikapYs;s Njrpa rdehaf Kd;dzp NjHjypy; mWjpg; ngUk;ghd;ik ,lq;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikf;Fk; vdj; njuptpj;jd. Mdhy; %d;whtJ ehd;fhtJ fl;l thf;Fg; gjpT ele;J Kbe;j gpd;dH ntspte;j fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gfs; (Exit Poll ) ve;jf; fl;rpf;Fk; mWjpg; ngUk;ghd;ik fpilf;fhJ vd;Wk; ngUk;ghYk; njhq;F ehlhSkd;wk; cUthfyhk; vdr; nrhy;fpd;wd.

,e;jpah ngupa ehL. nkhj;jk; 28 khepyq;fs; 7 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; nfhz;lJ. kf;fs; njhif 102 Nfhb> thf;fhsH vz;zpf;if 65 Nfhb. vdNt Jy;ypakhf xU fUj;Jf; fzpg;G vLg;gJ vspjhd nray; my;y. Ke;jpa NjHjy;fspy; Clfq;fs; njuptpj;j fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ngha;j;jpUf;fpd;wd.

Mdhy; NrhjplHfNsh tPl;by; ,Ue;J nfhz;L kpf vspjhfj; NjHjy; KbTfis vjpHT$wp tpLfpd;whHfs;.

fle;j rdtup khjk; G+upapy; (xuprh khepyk;) midj;Jyf NrhjplHfspd; khehL ele;jJ. xU fpoik ePbj;j ,e;j khehl;by; ,e;jpahtpd; 24 Kd;dzpr; NrhjplHfs; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfNshL mnkupf;fh> gpuhd;];> mT];jpNuypah> nld;khHf;> Neghsk; kw;Wk; ma;Nuhg;gpa ehLfisr; NrHe;j 'cyfg; Gfo;' ngw;w 35 Kd;dzp NrhjplHfSk; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

khehl;bd; ,Wjp ehsd;W cyfj; jiytHfspd; Ml;rp gw;wpr; NrhjplHfs; myrp Muha;e;jdH. mg;nghOJ gpujkH th[;gha; rhjfKk; fzpj;Jg; ghHf;fg;gl;lJ.

“th[;ghapd; rhjfg;gb mtUf;F 'kfhuh[ Nahfk;' ePbg;gjhy; mtH kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;Jg; gpujkH gjtpia Vw;ghH vd;W NrhjplHfs; gyd; nrhd;dhHfs;. mtuJ rhjf gyd;gb ,e;jpahtpy; mtH mikjpiaAk; ey;y tsj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;JthH. Nrhdpah fhe;jp rhjfg; gyd;fSk; ey;y tpjkhfj;jhd; cs;sd. vd;whYk; th[;gha; rhjf mikg;Gg;gb mtUf;Fr; Nrhdpahit tpl $Ljy; fpufq;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; mDf;fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; mtuhy;jhd; Ml;rpia gpbf;f KbAk;' vd;W NrhjplHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;.

Mdhy;> ele;J Kbe;j (2004) NjHjypy; th[;ghapd; $l;lzp Njhw;Wg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. kfhuh[Nahfk; elg;gjhfr; nrhd;d kdpjH ,g;nghOJ vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhff; $l tuKbatpy;iy!

NjHjypy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; Njrpa rdehaf $l;lzpf;F thf;fspj;jpUe;jhy; kl;LNk th[;gha; kPz;Lk; gpujkuhf te;jpUf;f KbAk;. ,jw;Fk; mtuJ kfhuh[ Nahfj;jpw;Fk; vd;d njhlHG? gpujkuhf tUtjw;F kf;fs; MjuT Njitapy;iy. 'kfhuh[ Nahfk;' ele;jhy; NghJk; vd;gJ tbfl;ba klj;jdkhFk;.

kiwe;j NrhjplH gp.tp. ,uhkidg; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;glhjtHfs; ,Uf;f KbahJ. cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w ,tH ,e;jpa NrhjplHfspd; Kb#lh kd;dH vdf; nfhz;lhlg;gl;ltH. ,tuplk; jq;fs; rhjfj;ijf; fhl;bg; gyd; Nfl;fhj ,e;jpa-=yq;fh Ml;rpj; jiytHfs;> murpay;thjpfs;> Md;kPfthjpfs;> njhopyjpgHfs;> ngupa cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; ,y;iy vd;Nw nrhy;yyhk;.

gp.tp. ,uhkd; Ehw;Wf;F Nkyhd Nrhjpl Ehy;fis vOjp ntspapl;bUf;fpwhH. Nrhjpl ,jo; (The Astrological Magazine ) vd;w Vl;Lf;F ePz;l fhyk; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;jtH. ,tH 1998 ,y; jdJ 87 MtJ tajpy; khuilg;ghy; ,we;J NghdhH.

gp.tp. ,uhkd; 1989 Mk; Mz;L Me;jpu rl;lrigf;F ele;j NjHjypy; vd;.up. ,uhkuht; jiyikapyhd njYq;F Njrk; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rpf;F tUk; vd;W fzpj;Jr; nrhd;dhH. Mdhy;> mtuJ fzpg;G Kw;whfg; gpioj;J tpl;lJ. ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]; ngUk;ghd;ik ,lq;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rpf; fl;by; VwpaJ. (Indian Express - 12-7-1989 )

,uhkd; jdJ Nrhjpl ,jopy; (rdtup 79> A+iy 79> nehntk;gH 79 kw;Wk; rdtup 80) nrhy;ypa murpay; M&lq;fSk; gpioj;Jg; Nghapd (Ref: Science, Non-science and the Paranormal).

1952 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dH Kjd;Kiwahff; fhq;fpu]; jdJ NjHjy; mwpf;ifia (1989) ntspapLk; Kd;dH gug;Giuiaj; njhlf;fpaJ. NjHjy; mwpf;if nehntk;gH 3 Mk; ehs; ntspte;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> Nfhs;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; ghHit rhjfkhf ,y;yhjjhy; mjid mLj;J tUk; jpq;fl;fpoik ntspapLkhW NrhjplHfs; MNyhrid $wpdhHfs;.

,t;tsT jw;ghJfhg;G eltbf;if vLj;Jk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp NjHjypy; Njhw;Wg; NghdJ. NjHjy; Kbit Kd;$l;bf; fzpj;Jf; $wpa NrhjplHfs; gyH fhq;fpu]; fl;rp mWjpg; ngUk;ghd;ikAld; kPz;Lk; Ml;rpf;F tUk; vd;W vjpHT $wpapUe;jdH.

gy NrhjplHfs; uh[pt; fhe;jp jpUk;gp mjpfhuj;Jf;F te;jhYk; mjpfsT khepyq;fs; fhq;fpu]; my;yhj fl;rpfsJ gpbf;Fs; tUk; vd;W vjpHT$wy; nrhd;dhHfs;.

mikr;rH Nf. el;thH rpq; jdJ kJuh njhFjpapy; khl;Lr; rhzpahy; NfhtHj;jd fpup Nghy xU khjpup kiyiar; nra;J mjd; Nky; 101 ypl;lH ghy; Cw;wp mgpNrfk; nra;jhH. jpUkjp rpq; mtHfSk; me;j ghyhgpNrf tpohtpy; fye;J nfhz;lhH. (Times of India- 6-11-89)

Kk;igiar; NrHe;j gpugy NrhjplH [hfpj; cg;ghy; uh[pt; fhe;jpf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $ba ngUk;ghd;ikapd; vz;zpf;ifia rupahff; $w Kbahtpl;lhYk; mtH gjtpf;F tUtJ epr;rak; vd;W mbj;Jf; $wpdhH. uh[pt; fhe;jpapd; [hjfk; Nfhs;fs; rhjfkhd tPLfspy; ,Ug;gijf; fhl;Ltjhf NrhjplH [hfpj; cg;ghy; njuptpj;jhH.

fupfpU\;zh vd;w NrhjplH uh[pt; fhe;jpapd; Fz;lyp (rhjfk;) gw;wpf; fUj;J NtWghL ,Ue;jhYk; FUtpd; ghHit gykhf ,Ug;gjhy; vkJ gpujkH ntw;wpthif #LthH vd;W nrhd;dhH.

Kk;igia NrHe;j uhf;FtPH vd;w NrhjplH kl;Lk; gpujkUf;F vjpuhfr; Rkj;Jg;gLk; Coy; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; Vuhskhf ,Ug;gjhy; mtw;iw rhjhuz nghJ kf;fs; vspjpy; kwe;Jtpl khl;lhHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhH.

jpy;ypia ,Ug;gplkhff; nfhz;l NrhjplH xUtH NjHjypy; (1989) ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]; 130-140 Mrdq;fisf;; ifg;gw;Wk;> uh[pt; fhe;jp murpay; fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wg;gLthH> A+Nwdp]; kw;Wk; neg;jpA+d; ghiff;Fg; ghif xUq;FNrHfpd;w ( conjunction ) fhuzj;jhy; MSk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp Njhw;Wg; NghFk;. Njrpa Kd;dzp fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpfspd; MjuNthL 270 Mrdq;fisf; ifg;gw;Wk; vdr; nrhd;dhH.

Mdhy;> xU NrhjpluhtJ Njrpa Kd;dzp fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpfspd; MjuNthL Ml;rpiag; gpbf;Fk; vd;W vjpHT$wy; nrhy;yNt ,py;iy!

fhq;fpu]; fl;rp thf;fhsg; ngUkf;fis ek;ghJ NrhjplHfisAk; G+rhupfisAk; ek;gp Vkhe;J Nghapw;W! ahfq;fshy; ve;jg; gaDk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. NrhjplHfshYk; gad; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. gpujkH tp.gp. rpq;fpd; jiyikapy; khw;Wf; fl;rpfs; 02-12-1989 ,y; Ml;rp mikj;jd!

%f;Filgl;l NrhjplHfs;!

fle;j rdtup khjk; xuprh khepyk; G+upapy; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w NrhjplHfs; fye;J nfhz;l midj;Jyf NrhjplHfspd; khehL gw;wp Kd;dH vOjpapUe;Njd;.

,e;j khehl;by; ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dzp NrhjplHfSk; mnkupf;fh> gpuhd;R> mT];jpNuypah> nld;khHf;> Neghsk; kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ehLfisr; NrHe;j cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w NrhjplHfSk; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

khehl;bd; ,Wjp ehsd;W cyfj; jiytHfspd; Ml;rp gw;wp NrhjplHfs; myrp Muha;e;J mly; gpfhH th[;ghapd; rhjfg;gb mtUf;F 'kfhuh[ Nahfk;' ePbg;gjhy; mtH kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;J gpujkH gjtpapy; njhlHthH vd;W NrhjplHfs; fzpj;Jr; nrhd;dhHfs;.

'Nrhdpah fhe;jp rhjfg; gyd;fSk; ey;y tpjkhfj;jhd; cs;sd. vd;whYk; th[;gha; rhjf mikg;Gg;gb mtUf;Fr; Nrhdpahit tpl $Ljy; fpufq;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; mDf;fpufq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; mtuhy;jhd; Ml;rpiag; gpbf;f KbAk;' vd;W NrhjplHfs; mbj;Jr; nrhd;dhHfs;.

,e;jr; NrhjplHfs; kl;Lky;y ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s NtW gpugy NrhjplHfSk; Nyhf; rig NjHjypy; ghuhjpa [djh ntw;wp ngWk; th[;gha; njhlHe;J gpujkH gjtpapy; ePbg;ghH vd vjpHT$wy; nrhy;ypapUe;jhHfs;.

,e;jpa ,iza js Vlhd The Rediff Special (May 12,2004) 'el;rj;jpuq;fs; th[;gha;f;F mD$ykhf ,Uf;fpd;wd' (Stars favour Vajpayee) vd kfplkpl;L xU rpwg;G ,jio ntspapl;bUe;jJ. mjpy; gpugy NrhjplHfisr; nrt;tp fz;L mtHfsJ vjpHT$wy;fis vOjpapUe;jJ.

lhf;lH fPHj;jp uh[; (36) vd;gtH vk;.V. (murpay;) gl;ljhup. jpUg;gjp gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gbj;J Nrhjplf; fiyapy; KidtH (Ph.D) gl;lk; thq;fpatH. %d;whtJ jiyKiw NrhjplH. Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; gw;wp vl;Lg; Gj;jfq;fs; vOjpAs;shH. ,tuJ je;ijahH Nf. ehfuhr uht; RkhH 5>000 NrhjplHfisg; gapw;wptpj;J ,Uf;fpd;whH. mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ ,e;jpah KOJk; njhopy; ghHf;fpd;whHfs;.

KidtH uh[; murpay;thjpfs; tpUk;gpj; NjbaiyAk; xUtH. NjHjy; fhyq;fspy; gq;f@H n[aefupy; ,Uf;Fk; mtuJ mYtyfk; RW RWg;ghf ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,k;Kiw jdJ mYtyfj;jpy; 32 mUr;rfHfis itj;J 138 Ntl;ghsHfSf;F ehSk; nghOJk; G+ir nra;tpj;jhH. ,e;j epkplj;jpYk; mtuJ mYtyfj;jpy; jdpg;gl;l Ntl;ghsHfSf;F G+irfs; ele;j tz;zk; cs;sd. ,e;jg; G+irfs; Nk 13 md;W NjHjy; KbTfs; mwptpf;Fk; tiu njhlUk;.

fle;j Kiw xU jpq;fSf;F Kd;dNu gy Kd;dzp VLfspy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;l ,tuJ NjHjy; vjpHT$wy;fs; rupahf mike;jpUe;jd. KidtH uh[; NjHjy; 2004 gw;wp vk;NkhL jdpahfg; gfpHe;J nfhz;l vjpHT$wy;fisf; fPNo jUfpNwhk;.

mly; gpfhup th[;ghapd; rhjfj;jpy; jw;nghOJ ey;y Nahfk;> tRkjp Nahfk;> fhzg;gLfpwJ. ehd; mtH epr;rakhf kPz;Lk; gpujkuhf tUthH vdj; jplkhf vjpHT$wy; nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd;. Njrpa rdehaff; $l;lzp kPz;Lk; ehl;il MSk;> ghujpa [djh fl;rpf;F 280-290 Mrdq;fs; fpilf;Fk; vd M&lk; nrhy;fpd;Nwd;. nrd;w NjHjYf;F rw;W Kd;ghf ghujpa [djh fl;rp 2007 kl;Lk; gjtpapy; ,Uf;Fk; vd M&lk; nrhd;Ndd;> mjid ehd; kPz;Lk; nrhy;fpd;Nwd;.

th[;ghapf;F xd;wiu Mz;L fopj;J mtuJ cly; eyk; gw;wpg; ghuJhukhd rpf;fy; Vw;gLk;. me;jf; fl;lj;jpy; ghujpa [djh fl;rpapd; jiyikapy; khw;wk; Vw;gLk;. mg;nghOJ gpujkuhf tUtjw;F vy;.Nf. mj;thdpf;F ey;y tha;g;Gs;sJ.

,e;jj; NjHjy; re;jpu -#upa fpufzq;fSf;F ,ilapy; elf;fpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf fUj;Jf; fzpg;Gf;fs; (exit polls ) vy;yhk; ngha;ahdit vd;gJ vz;gpf;fg;gLk;.

,uhrd; rHkh uh\;jpupa vd;w NrhjplH Kk;gha; rhfH fy;tp epWtdj;jpy; fle;j 14 Mz;Lfshfr; Nrhjplk; gbg;gpj;J tUfpd;whH.

vz; 13 kPz;Lk; th[;ghapd; (rhjfj;jpy;) tho;f;ifapy; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuk; tfpf;f ,Uf;fpwJ. thf;Ffs; vz;Zk; Njjp Nk 13 MFk;. (MrpupaH Fwpg;G - 1997 ,y; vz; 13 th[;gha;f;F Jujpl;l vz;zhf ,Ue;jJ. mtuJ Ml;rp 13 ehs;fspy; fTz;lJ. 1998 ,y; mtuJ Ml;rp 13 khjq;fNs ePbj;jJ. Mdhy;> mjd; gpd;dH 13 tJ Nyhf; rig gpujkH th[;ghapd; jiyikapy; 5 Mz;L fhyj;ij epiwT nra;jJ.)

th[;ghapd; fpuf epiy mLj;j muir mikg;gjw;F mtUf;F mD$ykhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mtuJ Ml;rp RKfkhfr; nray;gLtjw;F mJ NkYk; cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. Nk 13 G+Htgl;r (tsHgpiwj; jpjpfs;) ehshFk;. ,J th[;gha;f;F mjpl;l ehshFk;.

,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; th[;ghapd; tpahoDk; GjDk; Kf;Nfhzkhf mikag; NghfpwJ. tpahod; tpupthf;fk; gw;wpf; fijf;fpwJ. vdNt mJ muR mikg;gjw;F mtUf;F mD$ykhf ,Uf;Fk;. Njrpa rdehaf muNrhL ,ize;jpUf;Fk; vtUk; mNjhL el;Gg; nfhz;bUg;gH. mjid tpl;L mfy khl;lhHfs;.

th[;ghapd; cly;eyk; mtUf;F mD$ykhf ,Uf;Fk;. Nk 28> 2011 tiu mjpfhuj;ij ifahSk; jpwik mtUf;F ,Uf;Fk;.

cWjp vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; rlq;F (swearing-in ceremony) murpd; kPJ jhf;fj;ij cz;lhf;Fk;. vdNt th[;gha; 1999 ,y; nra;jJ Nghy; me;j ehis rupahfj; njupT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

fpuf epiy fhq;fpu]; jdJ Nyhr; rig cWg;gpdHfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; $l;l cjtp nra;Ak;. Mdhy;> Ml;rp mikg;gjw;Fupa vz;zpf;if ,Uf;fhJ. Nrhjplj;jpd; %d;W mk;rq;fs; Nrhdpah fhe;jpf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLfpd;wd.

1) mtuJ nts;sp kw;Wk; nrt;tha;f; fpufq;fs; vjpHT vjpuhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L fpufq;fSk; xd;Wf;F xd;W Nghl;bf; fpufq;fs;.

utp fpN\hH ehuhad; gl;dhtpy; ,aq;Fk; ,e;jpa Nrhjpl rigapd; cg jiytH. %d;W rfhg;jq;fSf;F Nkyhfr; Nrhjplk; ghHg;gij KO Neuj; njhopyhff; nfhz;bUfpwhH. [djh js jiytH yhY gpurhj; ahjt; mtHfSf;F xU rfhg;jj;jpw;F Nkyhfr; Nrhjplk; nrhy;yp tUfpd;whH.

khHr;R 14> 2004 ,y; ,Ue;J th[;gha;f;F tpahodpd; kfhnjirapy; cs;s me;jnjir Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. vdNt mtH cr;rk; ngw;w ,yf;fpdj;jpYk; uh[Nahf njirapYk; ,Uf;fpd;whH.

vdNt th[;gha;f;F rpWghd;ik kf;fsJ MjuT Kd;diutpl mjpfkhd thf;Ffisf; nfhz;L tUk;. mtuJ Njrpa rdehaf $l;lzp gjtpf;F kPz;Lk; tUk;. Mdhy;> me;jf; $l;lzpapd; fyitapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;glyhk;.

ghtq;fs; ,e;jr; NrhjplHfs;. rupahd Nfhkhspfs; (jokers) Mf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. ,tHfs; nrhy;ypa vjpHT$wy; midj;Jk; ngha;j;J tpl;ld. ,e;jpa ehl;L thf;fhsg; ngUkf;fs; ,e;jr; NrhjplHfs; Kfj;jpy; rupahff; fup G+rp tpl;lhHfs;. fpufq;fSk; el;rj;jpuq;fSk; Nahfq;fSk; ,tHfis mbNahL iftpl;L tpl;ld.

cz;ikapy; NrhjplHfSf;F ,e;jj; NjHjy; nfl;l ngaiu thq;fpf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. jq;fs; mk;kzf; Nfhyj;ij kiwf;f xU rpd;df; fr;irj; Jz;L $l mtHfSf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy.

NjHjypy; gL Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpf; nfhz;l kfhuh[Nahf gpujkH th[;gha; jdJ gpujkH gjtp tpyfy; fbjj;ij Ml;rpj; jiytuplk; nfhLj;Js;shH!

,ij vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ 13 tJ Nyhf; rigf;fhd NjHjy; KbTfs; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,Jtiu ntspte;j 539 KbTfspd; mbg;gilapy; (ehd;F njhFjpfspy; kW NjHjy; eilngw ,Uf;fpd;wd) ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; mzpf;F 219 ,lq;fSk;> Njrpa rdeahf $l;lzpf;F (ghujpa [djh) 188 ,lq;fSk;> gpw fl;rpfSf;F 132 ,lq;fSk; fpilj;Js;sd.

vdNt fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpfsJ MjuTld; ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Ml;rp mikg;gJ Vwf;Fiwa cWjpahfp tpl;lJ.

NjHjy; Kbitj; jPHkhdpg;gJ kf;fsJ thf;Fg; gyNk md;wp Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. NjHjypy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; ve;jf; fl;rpf;F thf;fspf;fpd;whHfNsh me;jf; fl;rpjhd; Ml;rpia gpbf;f KbAk;. me;jf; fl;rpap;d; jiytNu gpujkuhfTk; tu KbAk;. ,J xU nghJ tpjp> Gweilfs; ,Uf;fyhk;.

xUtUf;F kfhuh[ NahfNkh my;yJ Ntnwe;j NahfNkh ,Ue;Jtpl;lhy; mtUk; mtuJ fl;rpAk; NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngw;Wg; gpujkuhf te;J tpLthH vd;gJ tbfl;ba kilj;jdkhFk;.

my;yJ fpufq;fis trpak; nra;a G+ir mgpNrfk; ahfk; nra;jhy; Ntl;ghsHfs; NjHjypy; ntd;W thif #LthHfs; vd;gJk; kilj;jdkhFk;.

,g;nghOJ ele;J Kbe;j Nyhf; rigj; NjHjypd; jiytpjpia me;j ehl;bd; 65 Nfhb thf;fhsg; ngUkf;fNs jPHkhdpj;Js;shdH.

Nrhdpah fhe;jpapd; jiyikapyhd ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; fl;rpiar; NrHe;j khd;Nkhfd; rpq; (71) ,e;jpahtpd; 13 MtJ gpujkuhf Nk 22> 2004 md;W gjtp cWjp nra;J itf;fg;gl;lhH. gQ;rhg; khepyj;ijr; NrHe;j ,tH kjj;jhy; rPf;fpauhthH.

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ve;jr; NrhjplUk; ,e;jpahtpd; mLj;j gpujkH khd;Nkhfd; rpq; vd vjpHT $wtpy;iy. mtHfs; th[;gha;> Nrhdpah fhe;jp ,UtuJ rhjfq;fisNa G+jf; fz;zhb itj;Jg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

xU jdpkdpjdJ rhjfj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L mtH gpujkuhf tUthH my;yJ tukhl;lhH vd;W gyd; nrhy;tJ gFj;jwpTf;F KuzhdJ. kf;fis ek;ghJ NrhjplHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; miye;J jq;fs; ntw;wpf;Fr; G+ir ahfk; nra;Ak; murpay;thjpfs; Rj;j mwptpypfs;.

,e;jpa kf;fs; mitj; NjHjy; KbT Kd; vg;nghOijAk; tpl Nrhjplk; xU Gul;L vd;gijAk; NrhjplHfs; Gul;lHfs; vd;gijAk; ve;j ma;aj;Jf;Fk; mg;ghy; njl;lj; njspthf vz;gpj;Js;sJ.

gy Nfhb fpNyh kPl;lH my;yJ fy;fSf;F mg;ghy; thdpy; tyk; tUk; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; gy gj;J> EhW> Mapuk; xsp Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; xsptpLk; tpz;kPd;fSf;Fk; kdpjHfsJ ntw;wp Njhy;tp> ,d;g Jd;gk;> ey;yJ nfl;lJ> eyk; eykpd;ik> nry;tk; tWik ePz;l MAs; mw;g MAs; Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; ve;jtpj njhlHGk; mwNt fpilahJ. mjw;fhd rhd;W fLfsTk; ,y;iy. mg;gb xU njhlHG ,Uf;fpwjJ vd ek;GtJ file;njLj;j %lj;jdk;.

Nrhjplg; Gul;L (53)

Nfhs;fs; ,lk;khWk; nghOJ NrhjplHfs; rdp ngaHr;rp> FU ngaHr;rp Nghd;wtw;why; Vw;gLk; gyd;fis Ehy;fshf vOjp ntspapLfpd;whHfs;.

,e;jr; rdpg; ngaHr;rp FU ngaHr;rp vd;gJ thd;ntspapy; mt;tg;nghOJ Vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpahFk;.

mz;lntspapy; Qhapiwr; Rw;wpf; Nfhs;fs; mtw;Wf;Fupa ghijapy; ntt;NtW Ntfj;jpy; Rw;wpa tz;zk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij Kd;dH ghHj;Njhk;.

nfg;yupd; KjyhtJ tpjpapd;gb Nfhs;fs; tl;l tbtpy; my;yhJ ePs;tl;l tbthd ghijapy; tyk; tUfpd;wd. ,jd; nghUs; vd;dntd;why; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; QhapWf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s njhiyT xNu khjpupahf ,Uf;fhJ. mjd; ,Uf;ifiag; nghWj;J $bAk; Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gLk;.

nfg;yupd; ,uz;lhtJ tpjpapd;gb QhapiwAk; NfhisAk; ,izf;Fk; NfhL rkkhd gug;ig rkkhd fhyj;jpy; %LfpwJ. mjhtJ Nfhs;fs; QhapW ePs;Nfhl;il mz;kpj;J ,Uf;Fk; gFjpapy; (perihelion) NtfkhfTk; ePs;Nfhl;bd; njhiyg; gFjpapy; (aphelion) ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ nkJthfTk; Rw;Wfpd;wd.

nfg;yupd; %d;whtJ tpjpapd;gb xU Nfhs; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; fhyj;jpd; kpirg; ngUf;fj;jpd; rkd;ghL Rw;Wg; ghijapd; %d;whk; mLf;fpd; rkd;ghl;Lf;Fr; rkkhFk;. mjhtJ Qhapwpd; ePs;tl;lj;jpd; Miu my;yJ miutpl;lk; (radius) mjpfupf;Fk; nghOJ Nfhs;fspd; Rw;W Ntfk; kpf tpiuthf mjpfupf;fpwJ.

,JNt QhapWf;F kpf mz;ikapy; cs;s Gjd; Nfhs; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptu 88 ehs;;fis vLf;Fk;nghOJ ntF njhiytpy; cs;s GSl;Nlh Qhapiwr; Rw;wptu 248 Mz;Lfs; vLf;fpwJ.

,g;gb ntt;NtW njhiytpy; ntt;NtW Ntfj;jpy; tyk; tUk; Nfhs;fs; Ntf NtWghl;bd; fhuzkhf xd;iwnahd;W fle;J Nghfpd;wd. NrhjplHfs; jq;fs; gpiog;Gf;fhf ,e;j ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpiaj; jpupG gLj;jp mdHj;jq;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;> capH mopTfs; Mfpad elf;fg; Nghtjhfg; gaKWj;jp; kf;fsJ kd epk;kjpiaf; Fiyf;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;jf; Nfhs;fspd; Xl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; epfOk; ,l khw;wq;fisg;gw;wp nfhOk;G = tpj;jpah FUFy fyhrhiy mjpgH MH..ghG rHkh ngupa GYlh tpl;Ls;shH. mtH nrhd;dij mtuJ kzpg;gputhsj; jkpo; ciueilapNyNa jUfpd;Nwd;. ,e;jr; nra;jp aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntsptUk; cjad; ehNsl;by; fle;j fpoik (Nk 2004) ntspte;jJ. nra;jpapd; jiyg;G 'mdHj;jq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; fpuf epiy neUq;FfpwJ' vd;gjhk;.

'vjpH tUk; nts;spf;fpoik Kjy; (Nk 8) mLj;j Gjd;fpoik (Nk 19) tiuahd fhyj;jpy; ehl;by; Nkhrkhd #o;epiyfs; Vw;glf; $ba epiy cs;sJ. fpuf rQ;rhuq;fs; mjidNa fhl;Lfpd;wd.

thf;fpa gQ;rhq;ff; fzpg;gpd;gb jw;nghOJ rdpf; fpuf tPl;by; nrt;tha; Vw;fdNt rQ;rhuk; nra;fpd;wJ. NkYk;> rdpf; fpuf epiyapd;gb rdp jw;nghOJs;s jpUthjpiu 2 Mk; ghjj;jpy; nrt;tha;f; fpufKk; Nk 14 Kjy; Nk 19 tiu mNj el;rj;jpu ghjj;jpy; rQ;rhuk; nra;fpd;wJ. Aj;jfhudhd nrt;thAk; MAs; fhufdhd rdpAk; rdpf;fpuf el;rj;jpuj;jpy; $LtJ ehl;by; Nkhrkhd #o;epiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;> ehLfSf;F ,ilNa gifik tsuy;> capH mopTfs; Vw;glyhk;. kpJduhrpg; gFjpahd tl ,e;jpah> mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; ghjpg;Gf;fs; $Ljyhf mikayhk;.'

cz;ikapy; rdpAk; nrt;thAk; 3 Mk; tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ nts;sp mNj tPl;Lf;F Nk 10 Mk; ehs; GFfpwJ. NrhjplH nrhy;ypathW ,yq;ifapy; ve;j ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fNsh> tpgj;Jf;fNsh> ehLfSf;F ,ilNa gifNah> capH mopNth Vw;gltpy;iy. Nk 8 f;F Ke;jpa fhyg; gFjpapy; vit ele;jdNth mitNajhd; Aj;jfhudhd nrt;thapd;; ,uhrp tPl;by; MAs;fhudhd rdp Eioe;j nghOJk; ele;jd. ,dpNkYk; mg;gbj;jhd; elf;Fk;.

xU thjj;Jf;Fr; NrhjplH nrhy;ypa fhyg; gFjpapy; mdHj;jq;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;> capuopTfs; Vw;gl;lJ vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; mjw;Fk; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; ve;jtpj njhlHGk; mwNt fpilahJ. Nfhs;fspd; rQ;rhuj;Jf;Fk; ,;e;jg; Gtpapy; elf;Fk; mdHj;jq;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;> capuopTfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fk; mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; njhlHG ,Uf;f topNa ,y;iy.

nrt;thia Aj;jfhud; vdr; NrhjplHfs; nrhy;tjw;Ff; fhuzk; mjd; epwNk. nrt;tha; rptg;G epwk;> rptg;G epwk; FUjpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ> vdNt nrt;tha; Aj;jfhudd;!

Kd;dH $wpathW fpNuf;fuJ Vw]; (Ares) vd;w NghHf; flTNs cNuhkuJ nry;thf;Fg; gilj;j fUtsf; flTshd khH]; ( fertility god Mars) XL njhlHGgLj;jg; gl;lJ. Vwprpd; kidtp ngaH Neiro MFk;. khHr;R vd;w Mq;fpy khjk; khH]; flTspd; epidthf itf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

Vwp]; my;yJ khH]; Kd;dH $wpathW fpNuf;fuJ Vwp]; (Ares) vd;w NghHf; flTNs cNuhkuJ nry;thf;Fg; gilj;j fUtsf; flTshd khH]; ( fertility god Mars) XL njhlHGgLj;jg; gl;lJ. Vwprpd; kidtp ngaH Neiro MFk;. khHr;R vd;w Mq;fpy khjk; khH]; flTspd; epidthf itf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. Vwp]; my;yJ khH]; NghyNt rdp (Saturn) tpahod; (Jupiter) Gjd; (Mercury) nts;sp (Venus) neg;jpA+d; Mfpad flTsuhf topglg;gl;ldH.

,e;J rkaf; flTsH NghyNt fpNuf;f-cNuhk ,jpfhrq;fspy; fhj;jy; flTs;> fhjy; flTs;> NghHf; flTs; vd Vuhskhd flTsH kidtp gps;is Fl;bfNshL rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;shHfs;! mtHfs; vy;NyhUk; ,g;NghJ mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; FbapUf;fpd;wdH!

rdpiag; ghg fpufkhfTk; #j;jpu fpufkhfTk; MASf;Fg; nghWg;ghd fpufkhfTk; NrhjplHfs; rpj;jupg;gjw;fhd fhuzk; mJ fWg;G epwk; vd;w gpioahd fzpg;Ng!

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; fpufq;fs; xUkpj;J xU Kfkhfr; nray;gLtJ fpilahJ vd;fpwJ. vg;gb ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; MSk; fl;rp vjpHTf; fl;rp vd;W ,U fd;idfs; cz;Nlh> mijg;NghyNt fpufq;fSf;F ,ilapYk; MSk; fl;rp vjpHTf;fl;rp cz;L vd;fpwJ.

Nrhjplk; Rg fpufq;fs; Md FU> Rf;fpud;> Gjd; kw;Wk; tsHgpiwr; re;jpud; MSk; fl;rp vdTk; ghg fpufq;fshd #upad;> mq;ffhud;> rdp> uhF> NfJ> Nja;gpiwr; re;jpud; vjpHTf;fl;rp vdTk; fd;id gpupf;fpwJ!

Nrhjplk; fpufq;fis ghy; mbg;gilapy; Mz;> ngz;> myp vdg; gpupf;fpwJ. tHz mbg;gilapy; gpuhkzd;> rj;jpupad;> itrpfd;> #j;jpud; vdg; gpupf;fpwJ.

fpufq;fspy; #upad; murd;. re;jpud; murp> gilj; jsgjp nrt;tha;> ,sturd; Gjd;> mikr;rHfs; tpahoDk; nts;spAk;. Ntiyf;fhud; rdp> gil ,uhF NfJ!

rdp #j;jpu fpufk; vd;gjhy; mjidf; fWg;G epwkhfTk; Ntiyf;fhudhfTk; Mupa KdptHfs; vOjpa Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; rpj;jupf;fpwJ! Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfs; Mfpatw;iw mg;G (jz;zPH) NjA (neUg;G) thA (fhw;W) gpUjptp (G+kp) Mfhak; (thA kz;lyk;) vd;w gQ;rG+j mbg;gilapy; gFj;Js;sJ.

,e;jg; gFg;Gf;F ve;j mwptpay; mbg;gilAk; ,y;iy. Kjy; ehd;F ,uhrpfSf;Fk; KiwNa neUg;G> epyk;> fhw;W> jz;zPH %yfq;fs; xJf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gpd;dH mLj;j ehd;F ,uhrpfSf;Fk; mjw;F mLj;J ,Wjpahf tUfpw ehd;F ,uhrpfSf;Fk; mNj tupirapy; %yfq;fs; xJf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhs;fs; rup> el;rj;jpuq;fs; rup ,tw;wpy; jz;zPH ,y;iy. nts;spf; Nfhspd; ntg;gk; 850 ghif ghud;ifl; (450 ghif nry;rpa];) ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ mjid jz;zPH %yf j;NjhL gFg;gJ mwptPdkhFk;.

Nrhjplk; fpufq;fis kpj;JU (el;G) rj;JU (gif) eLepyik (neutral) vdg; gpupf;fpwJ. vjw;fhf> ve;j mbg;gilapy; vd;gJ ahUf;Fk; njupahJ.

tof;fk; Nghy fpufq;fis kpj;jpU> rj;JU> eLepiy vdg; ghFgLj;Jtjpy; Nrhjpl Ehy;fs; xd;Wf;F xd;W khWgLfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Elements of Vedic Astrology vd;w Ehy; re;jpuDf;Fr; rj;JU fpufq;fs; ,y;iy (gf;fk; 69) vd;fpwJ. N[hjpl mKjk; rdp> ,uhF> NfJ %d;Wk; mNj re;jpuDf;Fr; rj;JUf;fs; (gf;fk; 88) vdr; nrhy;fpwJ!

,it $lg; gUthapy;iy vd;gJ Nghy; #upad;> mq;fhufd; Mjpf;fk; nfhz;ltHfs; Rlr; Rl Grpg;gijAk; #lhd ghdk; mUe;JtijAk; tpUk;GthHfshk;!

re;jpud;> FU> Rf;fpud; Mjpf;fk; nfhz;ltHfs; Mwpa md;dj;ijg; Grpg;gijAk; FspHr;rpahd ghdj;ijg; gUFtijAk; tpUk;GthHfshk;!

Gjd;> rdp> ,uhF> NfJ Mjpf;fk; nfhz;ltHfs; rkaj;jpw;Fg; jf;fgbAk;> fhyj;jpw;F Vw;wgbAk; czT cl;nfhs;tijAk; ghdk; mUe;JtijAk; filg;gpbg;ghHfshk;.

,tw;iw vy;yhk; vg;gb Muha;e;J fz;L gpbj;jPHfs; vdW NrhjplHfisf; Nfl;lhy; tuhfkpfpuH vOjpa Nrhjplj;Jf;nfy;yhk; Nrhjpl Ehyhd gpu`j; [hjfj;jpy; ,g;gb vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;W nrhy;y kl;LNk mtHfSf;Fj; njupfpwJ.

'Nrhjplk; cz;ikahd rhj;jpuk;. miu Fiwahf mjidg; gbj;J tpl;L njhopy; nra;Ak; NrhjplHfs;jhd; mjw;Ff; nfl;l ngaH thq;fpf; nfhLf;fpd;whHfs;' ,t;thW Nrhjplj;Jf;F Kz;L nfhLg;gtHfs; nrhy;yhly; nra;fpd;whHfs;.

gz;bj [tfHyhy; NeU 'Nrhjplj;ij ek;GfpNwd; Mdhy;> Nrhjpliu ek;gtpy;iy' vd;W nrhy;ypaij Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lfpd;whHfs;.

jpUkjp fhaj;jpup Njtp thRNjt 'Astrology and the Hoax of Scientifc Temper' vd;w Ehypy; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whH-

'M&lq;fs; gypf;ftpy;iy vd;gij kl;Lk; itj;Jf; nfhz;L Nrhjplj;ij vjpHg;gJ rupahd thjk; my;y. capiuf; fhg;ghw;Wk; kUe;Jfs; ,Ue;Jk; Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd Nehahspfs; ehL KOJk; rhfpd;whHfs; vd;gjhy; kUj;Jtk; xU Nkhrb vd;W ahuhtJ nrhy;fpd;whHfsh? ghyq;fSk; fl;llq;fSk; ,be;J tpOtJ kl;Lky;y Ml;fisAk; nfhy;YfpwJ. mjw;fhf ahUk; nghwpapaiyf; fz;bf;fpd;whHfsh?

xt;nthU njhopypYk; Vkhw;WgtHfSk; NghypfSk; ,Uf;fNt nra;thHfs;. cz;ik vd;dntd;why; Nrhjplk; kl;LNk Njhy;tpfis itj;J vilNghlg;gLfpwJ. Vida mwptpay;fs; ntw;wpfis itj;J mstplg;gLfpd;wd. mwptpaypy; ntWg;Gf;Fk; gf;f rhHGf;Fk; ,lk; ,y;iy. Mdhy;> rpy mwptpayhsHfs; Nrhjplj;ij ,fOk; nghOJ ,e;j ,uz;ilAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whHfs;.'

,e;j fhaj;jpup Njtp thRNjt NtW ahUky;y> ,e;jpa NrhjplHfspd; Mrhd; vdf; nfhz;lhlg;gl;l gp.tp. ,uhkdpd; kfs;!

Mdhy;> ,tH jdJ mwpahik fhuzkhf kUj;Jtj; jpwidAk; nghwpapay; El;gj;ijAk; NehahspfNshLk; ,be;J tpOk; ghyq;fs; fl;llq;fNshLk; xg;gpl;L vOJfpd;whH.

ghyq;fs; my;yJ fl;llq;fs; tpOtJ nghwpapay; El;gj;jpd; Fiway;y> mjw;fhd VJ juf;Fiwthd nghUl;fSk; gpioahd msTfSk;jhd;.

Nrhjplj;jpy; xU Nrhjplupd; vjpHT$wy; (M&lk;) ,d;ndhU Nrhjplupd; vjpHT$wYf;F vjpHkhwhf ,Uf;fpwJ. epr;rakhf vjpHT$wypy; 'Mk;' my;yJ ',y;iy' vd;w ,uz;L vjpHT$wy;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; Nrhjplj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Kiwfs;> xd;W kw;wNjhL Kuz;gLk; my;yJ khWgLk; epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Nrhjplk; xU mwptpay; vd;why; NrhjplHfs; kj;jpapy; Kuz;ghL> khWghL ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. NrhjplHfspd; vjpHT$wy;fs; vy;yhk; NgusT xNu khjpup ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;jJ Ehw;Wf;F 70-80 tpOf;fhL rupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xt;nthU NrhjplUk; kw;wtHfis cjthf;fiu> Nghyp> Vkhw;Wg; NgHtop vd;W jpl;L;fpd;whH. vdNt NrhjplHfspy; ahH ngha;aH> ahH cz;ikahdtH vd;w gl;baiyj; jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;. NrhjplH rq;fq;fs; ,g;gbahd ifNal;ilj; jahupj;jhy; ,d;Dk; ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;. gp.tp. ,uhkd; cl;gl vtUNk ,Jtiu fhyKk; Nrhjplk; xU mwptpay;jhd; vd;gij Ma;T %yk; vz;gpf;f Kd;tutpy;iy!

fhaj;jpup Njtp NghyNt Nfus NrhjplH cd;dp fpU\;z gzpf;fUk; gz;ila Ntjfhy Nrhjplf; fiyf;F eilghijr; NrhjplHfs; nfl;l ngaH thq;fpj; jUfpd;whHfs; vdg; Gyk;Gfpd;whH.

,e;jr; NrhjplH jkpof Kjyikr;rH n[ayypjhtpd; M];jhd NrhjplH vd;gJ njupe;jNj. mLj;j fpoik NrhjplH gzpf;fH Nrhjplj;ijg; gw;wpAk; NrhjplHfs; gw;wpAk; vd;d nrhy;fpd;whH vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;.

Nrhjplg; Gul;L (54)

,g;gb ,Ue;jhy;> Vd; ,g;gbnay;yhk; mikfpwJ?

vjpH tUk; A+d; 8> 2004 md;W nts;sp QhapW tl;biyg; fle;J nry;y (Transit ) ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J gw;wp Kd;dUk; vOjpapUe;Njd;. ,g;nghOJ capNuhL ,Uf;fpw vtUk; ,jw;F Kd;dH ,;e;jf; fhl;rpiag; ghHj;jpUf;f KbahJ. A+d; 8> 2004 Fg; gpd;dH 2012 ,y;jhd; kPz;Lk; nts;sp Qhapiwf; flf;fpwJ.

MW kzpj;jpahyk; ePbf;Fk; ,e;jg; ngaHr;rp #upa fpufzj;Jf;F (QhapWf;Fk; Gtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; epyhTf;Fg; gjpy; nts;sp xNu NeHf; Nfhl;by; tUfpwJ ) xg;ghdjhFk;.

xU Ehw;whz;by; ,u:z;L Kiw kl;LNk ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rp ,lk; ngWk;. ,J tiu 1639> 1761> 1874 kw;Wk; 1882 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; ,lk;ngw;w nts;spg; ngaHr;rp tuyhw;wpy; gjpthfpAs;sd. mLj;j Ehw;whz;by; 2117 kw;Wk; 2125 Mz;Lfspy; ,lk; ngWk;.

,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpia ntWk; fz;fshy; ghHf;ff; $lhJ> mg;gbg; ghHj;jhy; #upa xsp fz;fisg; gOjilar; nra;JtpLk;. njhiy Nehf;fp my;yJ rpwg;Gf; fz;zhb %yNk ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fpof;F kw;Wk; kj;jpa tl mnkupf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J ghHg;gtHfSf;F QhapW cjpf;Fk; nghOJ (A+d; 8) nts;spg; ngaHr;rp njhlq;fp ,Uf;Fk;. nts;spg; ngaHr;rp

QhapW epyh ,uz;Lk; ePq;fyhf mjpf xsp kpFe;j Nfhs; nts;spahFk;. nts;spia tpb nts;sp khiy nts;sp vd;W mioj;jhHfs;. fhuzk; nts;sp 584 ehs;fs; nfhz;l Rw;W tl;lj;jpy; 263 ehs;fs; fpof;fpYk; 263 ehs;fs; Nkw;fpYk; Njhd;WfpwJ. NkYk; 50 ehs;fs; QhapWf;Fg; gpd;Dk; 8 ehs;fs; QhapWf;F Kd;Dk; epw;gjhy; mJ fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;gLtjpy;iy.

,jdhy; gz;ila fpNuf;f thdpayhsHfs; nts;spia ,uz;L ntt;NtW Nfhs;fs; vd epidj;jhHfs;. fp.K. 6 Mk; Ehw;whz;lstpy;jhd; mg;gb ,y;iy> ,uz;Lk; xd;Wjhd; vd;w cz;ik njupe;jJ. fpNuf;fH fhjy;> moF ,uz;bd; nja;tkhd Aphrodite ,d; ngaiu nts;spf;Fr; #l;bdhHfs;. cNuhkHfs; mNj nghUspy; itj;j ngaH tPd]; (Venus) vd;gjhFk;.

nts;sp nghJNkdp 10.82 Nfhb fpkP Jhuj;Jf;F mg;ghy; Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tUfpwJ. Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tu mJ vLf;Fk; fhyk; 224.7 Gtp ehs;fshFk;. jd;idj;jhNd Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhyk; 243 Gtp ehs;fshFk;. vdNt nts;spapd; xU ehs; mjd; Mz;iltplf; $LjyhFk;! nts;spapd; Rw;Wf; fhyKk; Roy; fhyKk; 1960 Fg; gpwNf rupahff; fzpf;fg;gl;ld. nts;sp Vd; fpof;F Nkw;fhfr; Rw;WfpwJ vd;gJf;Fupa VJ njupatpy;iy.

mstpy;> jpz;ikapy;> mlHj;jpapy; nts;sp Gtpia xj;jpUg;gjhy; mJ Gtpapd; cld;gpwg;G vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

'cyfg; Gfo; cd;dp fpU\;z gzpf;fH' A+dpaH Mde;jtpfld; ,jopy; ,uhrp gyd; gw;wp vOjptUfpd;whH. mjpy; mtH 'miuFiwr; NrhjplHfs; Mgj;jhd NgHtopfs;' vd rhiyNahu NrhjplHfisf; fLikahfr; rhbapUf;fpd;whH.

'gok; ngUikAk; GfOk; tha;e;j ek; N[hjplf;fiyapd; ,d;iwa epiyik vd;d njupAkh? ftiyf;fplk;jhd;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; rpy miuFiw N[hjplHfspd; mDgtkpy;yhj mZFKiwjhd;. N[hjplf;fiyapy; Mo;e;j <LghLk; kpFe;j ek;gpf;ifAk; nfhz;ltHfisf; ftiyg;glr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;jg; Nghf;F. N[hjplf; fiyapd; mUik ngUikfis gyUk; rPupa]hfNt vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.

N[hjplf;fiyf;Fj; jw;nghOJ ,wq;FKfkhd fhyk; vd;W nrhd;dhy; mjw;Ff; fhuzNk rpy N[hjplHfs;jhd; vd;W $lr; nrhy;yyhk;. Vndd;why;> ekJ ehl;by; Fwpg;ghfj; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; rhiyNahuq;fspy; ',q;F N[hjplk; ghHf;fg;gLk;' vd;W NghHLfis khl;bf;nfhz;L N[hjplk; ghHf;Fk; Ntiyapy; rpyH <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH.

,tHfs; cz;ikapNyNa N[hjplk; ghHj;jhy;> mJ ghuhl;lf;$ba tplakhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> VNjh nkj;jg; gbj;j gz;bjH khjpup gyUk; ebj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJjhd; epjHrdkhd cz;ik.

,j;jifa Nwhl;Nlhu N[hjplHfs; gyUf;Fk; N[hjplj;jpd; mbg;gil tplak;$lj; njuptjpy;iy. N[hjplj;jpd; kPJ kf;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifia %yjdkhf itj;J> FWfpa fhyj;jpy; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fNt ,e;j mupa fiyia ,t;tifapdH gad;gLj;Jfpd;whHfs;.'

,e;j mty epiyf;F Nrhj;plH gzpf;fH nghJkf;fSk; xU fhuzk; vdf; Fw;wk; rhl;L;fpd;whH. 'jd;Dila [hjfj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;L xU N[hjpluplk; nry;Yk; rhkhdpa kdpjHfs; me;j N[hjplH vg;gbg;gl;ltH> ,tH ,e;jf; fiyapy; KOj; jFjpAilatHjhdh vd;gij ve;jf; fl;lj;jpYk; Muha;tjpy;iy.'

',e;j Ms; ed;whfNt N[hjplk; ghHg;ghuhk;. ,tH nrhy;tnjy;yhk; mg;gbNa gypf;Fkhk;!" vd;W VNjh xU FUl;L ek;gpf;ifAld;jhd; mj;jifNahiu mZFfpd;wdH. ,Jkhjpupahd epiyjhd; N[hjplf; fiyf;Fg; ngUk; mtkhdj;ij cz;L gz;Zfpd;wJ.'

jhd; xUtd; ePq;fyhf Vida NrhjplHfis cd;dp fpU\;z gzpf;fH rhLtJk; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s gytPdq;fis mtH Rl;bf; fhl;b mtw;Wf;Fj; jPHT fhzNtz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;gJk; mwptpay; tsHr;rp fhuzkhf Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;Jf;F ,d;W Vw;gl;Ls;s neUf;fbNa VJthFk;. cd;dp fpU\;z gzpf;fuJ Gyk;gy; mijj;jhd; Jyhk;gukhfr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. vdNt mtuJ fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J NkYk; rpy Kf;fpa gFjpfis mtuJ fyg;Gj; jkpo; eilapNyNa fPNo jUfpd;Nwd;.

'Nrhjplk; Fwpj;j gykhd fhurhukhd tpthjq;fs;> tpkuprdq;fis ntspapLk; gpugykhd gj;jpupiffs; $l> VjhtJ xU tifapy; N[hjplk; gw;wpa Fwpg;GfisAk; jq;fs; ,jo;fspy; ntspaplj;jhd; nra;fpd;wd. mjhtJ> xUGwk; Nrhjplf;fiyf;Nf vjpHkiwahd nra;jpfis> tpkuprdq;fis> gugug;Gf;fhfTk; tpsk;guj;Jf;fhfTk; ntspapLfpd;wd. kWGwNkh N[hjplf;fiyf;F Mjuthd xUrpy tp\aq;fis ntspapl;Lj; jd;id ey;y khjpupahfTk; thrfHfs; kj;jpapy; epiyepWj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wd. rpy gj;jpupiffspd; ,e;j ,ul;iltpj epiyg;ghL N[hjplj;Jf;Ff; NfL tpistpf;fpwJ.

mJkl;Lky;y> miuFiw N[hjplHfis gj;jpupiffspd; ,j;jifa nray;ghLfs; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd vd;gJjhd; Mgj;jhd tp\ak;.

rkPgfhykhfr; rpy njhiyf;fhl;rp Nrdy;fspy; tUk; N[hjpl gyd; nrhy;Yk; epfo;r;rpfSk;> kw;w tpkuprd epfo;r;rpfSk; nuhk;gNt ,k;rpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j miuFiw N[hjplHfis Mfhntd;Wk; XNfhntd;Wk; Gfopd; cr;rj;Jf;F caHj;Jfpd;wd. rk;ge;jg;gl;l Nrdy;fspd; ,e;jg; Nghf;F khwNtz;Lk;.

Nrhjplk; vd;gJ tq;fp> ,d;#ud;]; epWtdq;fisg; NghyNth my;yJ nfhk;gpA++l;lH rh/g;l;NtH Nghd;wNjh my;y. ,itnay;yhk; ehk; nfhLg;gij cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;L mtw;iw NtWtpjkhf ekf;Nf jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fpd;wd.

Mdhy;> Nrhjplk; mg;gbay;y. mjpy; vy;yhNk Vw;nfdNt jPHkhdpf;fg; gl;litjhd;.

,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpy;> xU Nrhjplupd; Gyikia epHzapg;gJ tpsk;guk;jhd; vd;whfptpl;lJ. N[hjplH vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhs;Sk; egH tpsk;guq;fSf;fhfr; nrytpLk; njhifiag; nghWj;Jj;jhd; mtuJ epGzj;JtKk; gpugyKk; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,JTk; XH Mgj;jhd Nghf;F vd;Wjhd; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;.

gy gj;jpupiffSk; b.tp Nrdy;fSk; N[hjplj;ij VNjh xU rhjhuz tpw;gidg; nghUshf;fp> mf;fiyapd; juj;ijj; jho;j;jptpl;ld. ,jw;F kPbahf;fspd; gugug;ghd cj;jpfs;jhd; Jiz Nghfpd;wd vd;gJ njspthd fz;$lhd tplak;.

,it vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl ,d;ndhU tplak; vd;dntdpy;> NtWrpy fiyfisr; nra;NthH> Fwpg;ghf ik Nghl;Lg; ghHg;gJ> ke;jpupj;jy;> vz;fzpjk;> ifNuif Nghd;wtw;iwj; jq;fs; njhopyhf itj;jpUf;Fk; gyH> jq;fsJ nray;fSf;F xU rpwe;j mq;fPfhuk; fpilg;gjw;fhf N[hjplf; fiyiaj; Jizf;F mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. Mdhy;> cz;ik vd;dntd;why; ,j;jifa tplaq;fSf;Fk; ek; ghuj Nrhjplf; fiyf;Fk; Jsp$lr; rk;ge;jNk fpilahJ.

,d;W Nrhjplf;fiyf;Fs;s mty epiyikia khw;wp> kPz;Lk; mjw;F xU GJg; nghypTk; gok;ngUikAk; epiyf;Fk; tifapy; rpy eltbf;iffis ehk; vLj;Nj MfNtz;Lk;.

,jw;F vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; njupAkh? ehd; NkNy nrhd;d ikNghl;L ghHj;jy;> ke;jpupj;jy;> vz;fzpjk;> ifNuif Nghd;w fiyfs; gw;wpa kW rpe;jid Ntz;Lk;.

Nrhjplj;ij Muha Kw;gLk;nghOJ fzpjk;> ,aw;gpay; Nghd;w etPd mwptpaiy Vd; ehk; msT Nfhyhf;fpf; nfhs;sf;$lhJ? etPd mwptpaypy; <LghL cs;stHfs; gyUk; N[hjplf;fiyapy; ek;khy; vd;d nra;a KbAk;? vd;W rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nrhjplk; Fwpj;j E}y;fSk; mJ njhlHghd ];Nyhfq;fSk; ntWk; mwpf;iffshfNt ,d;wsTk; cs;sd.

gz;ila ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j Ntjk; Kjyhd kw;w rh];jpuq;fisg; Nghy Nrhjplk; Fwpj;j tpupthd Muha;r;rpfs; vJTk; ,d;wsTk; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. mjw;fhd Kaw;rpfSk; Jtq;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJjhd; tUe;jj;jf;f xd;W. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>

]j;tpj;at;jdjhdjhd;
g` Fz ]{f;Nuadh
Af;Nj `ut;

vd;W tuh`kp`puH vd;w Mr;rhupahH jdJ N`hiu (Xiu) rh];jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whH.

xUtUila [hjfj;jpy; Rf;fpuDk; (nts;sp) FUTk; (tpahod;) xNu uhrpapy; ,Ue;jhy;> me;j uhrpf;Fupa [hjff;fhuH rpwe;j fy;tpkhdhfTk; nry;te;jdhfTk; ey;y gy gz;Gfis cilatdhfTk; ,Ug;ghd; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.

,g;gb ,Ue;jhy;> Vd; ,g;gbnay;yhk; mikfpwJ vd;w Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpil me;j rh];jpuj;jpy; ,y;iy. xUtuJ [hjfj;jpy; cs;s FUNth> Rf;fpuNdh nry;tk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; Fzeyd;fis vg;gb epHzapf;fpwJ vd;gij tuh`kp`puH Mr;rhupahH tpupthf tpsf;ftpy;iy.

,g;gb tpupthd tpsf;fq;fs; ,y;yhjjhy;jhd; etPd mwptpay; Afj;jpy; N[hjplj;ij xUtpj ma;af; fz;Zld; ghHf;fpd;whHfNsh vd;dNth! vdNt ,Jgw;wpa tpupthd> jPtpukhd Muha;r;rp mtrpak; vd;gij typAWj;JfpNwhk;.

etPd mwptpaYf;Fk; Nrhjplf;fiyf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s ,ilntspiaf; Fiwf;f> ,Nj uPjpapyhd fz;Nzhl;lk; kpfTk; cgNahfkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. gz;ila fhyj;jpy; gpugykhf ,Ue;j mwpQHfs; gyUk; Nrhjpl rh];jpuj;jpy; ngUk; ek;gpf;if cilatHfshfNt ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdH.'

ehd; mbehs; Kjy; njhlHr;rpahff; Nfl;LtUk; Nfs;tpiaNa NrhjplH gzpf;fH ,g;nghOJ Nfl;fpd;whH. Nfl;Ltpl;L “,g;gb ,Ue;jhy;> Vd; ,g;gbnay;yhk; mikfpwJ vd;w Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpil Nrhjpl rh];jpuj;jpy; ,y;iy” vd xg;Gjy; thf;F %yk; mspf;fpd;whH!

xUtuJ rhjfj;jpy; cs;s FUNth> Rf;fpuNdh nry;tk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; Fz eyd;fis vg;gbj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd;gij tuhfkpfpuH tpupthf tpsf;ftpy;iy vd;gij NrhjplH gzpf;fH xg;Gf; nfhs;fpd;whH. tuhfkpfpuH kl;Lk; my;y guhruH Kjw;nfhz;L njhykp tiu ahUk; VJ kw;Wk; tpisT (cause and effect) mbg;gilapy; tpsf;fk; mspf;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy;> mwptpay; ,jw;F NeHkhwhdJ. VJ kw;Wk; tpisT (fhuz fhupak;) ,uz;bd; mbg;gilapy; ,aw;if cl;gl vjidak; Ma;T nra;fpwJ.

vy;yh Ma;TfSf;Fk; Kd;Ndhbahf Kjypy; xU vLNfhs; (hypothesis) ,Uf;Fk;. rpy epfo;TfSf;Fk; NtW rpy epfo;TfSf;Fk; NeUf;F NeH njhlHG ,Ug;gJ Nghyj; Njhd;Wk;. my;yJ top topahf mg;gbahd xU ek;gpf;if ,Ue;J tuyhk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jiy Kbapy; Njd; gl;lhy; Kb eiuf;Fk; vd;W Cupy; cs;s gyH nrhy;thHfs;. ,jid xU vLNfhs; vd itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

,e;j vLNfhs; cz;ikah? vd;gij vz;gpf;f Ma;T nra;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. NjDf;Fk; - eiuf;Fk; njhlHG ,Ug;gij Ma;T nra;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. gyKiw nra;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Ma;T (1) – KbjpUj;Jk; filfspy; tpOk; fWg;G Kbfspy; Njd; fye;J ghHg;gJ.

Ma;T (2) – fWg;G KbAila ML> eha;> G+id Nghd;w tpyq;Ffspd; kPJ Njd; jltpg; ghHg;gJ.

Ma;T (3) – jiy jtpu clypd; NtW ghfq;fspy; cs;s Kbfspy; Njd; jltpg; ghHg;gJ.

Ma;T (4) – kdpjHfsJ fWg;G Kbf;F Njd; jltpg; ghHg;gJ.

,t;thW nra;j Ma;Tfspy; 80-85 tpOf;fhL jiy eiug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jhy; me;j vLNfhis VJ kw;Wk; tpisT Kiwapy; xU nghJf;fUj;J (concept) Mf vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

NrhjplH cd;dp fpU\;z gzpf;fH xUtUila rhjfj;jpy; Rf;fpuDk; (nts;sp) FUTk; (tpahod;) xNu ,uhrpapy; ,Ue;jhy;> me;j ,uhrpf;Fupa rhjff;fhuH rpwe;j fy;tpkhdhfTk; nry;te;jdhfTk; ey;y gy gz;Gfis cilatdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;w vLNfhis itj;Jf; nfhz;L EhW> ,UEhW> Mapuk; rhjfq;fis Muha;e;J ghHj;J me;j vLNfhs; rupah jtwh vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xUtuJ rhjfj;jpy; cs;s FUNth> Rf;fpuNdh nry;tk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; Fz eyd;fis vg;gbj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd;gij tuhfkpfpuH tpupthf tpsf;ftpy;iy vd;W NrhjplH gzpf;fH xg;Gf; nfhz;lhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. Mjid Muha;e;J ghHj;J cz;ik ngha; mwpa Ntz;Lk;.

tuhfkpfpuH nrhd;dJ kl;Lk; my;y guhruH Kjw;nfhz;L njhykp tiu nrhd;dij VJ kw;Wk; tpisT mbg;gilapy; Ma;E;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; mwpT ehzakhd nrayhFk;.

Nrhjplj;jpy; cs;s ,g;gbahd mbg;gil Xl;ilfis vLj;Jf; fhl;b> mjd; ek;gfj;jd;ik gw;wpf; Nfs;tpfs; vOg;gp> mJ xU Nghyp rhj;jpuk; vd;gijr; rhd;WfNshL vz;gpj;J tUfpd;Nwd;.

Nrhjplg; Gul;L (55)

jkpo; ehl;bd; mLj;;j "Kjy;tH" u[pdp

,e;jpa NjHjy; KbTfs; gw;wp tlehl;L NrhjplHfs; kl;LNk vjpHT$wy; nrhd;dhHfsh? jkpo;ehl;L NrhjplHfs; ahUk; vjpHT$wy; nrhy;ytpy;iyah? vdr; rpyH Nfl;L vOjpAs;shHfs;.

Vd; ,y;iy? jpdfud; ehNsl;by; 32> Vhpf;fiu njU> tpUfk;ghf;fk;> nrd;id - 92 vd;w Kftupapy; trpf;Fk; MH. MH. #hpaehuhaz%Hj;jp vd;w NrhjplH ,e;jpa NjHjy; KbTfs; gw;wp vjpHT$wy; $wpAs;shH.

Vida NrhjplHfs; NghyNt ,tUk; th[;gha; NjHhjypy; ntd;W Ml;rp mikg;ghH vdr; rhkpahbf; $wpdhH.

“,e;jpa murpaypy; ,UngUk; fl;rpahf fhq;fpu];> gh.[.fTf;F fLk; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngWk; jFjp Nrhjpl hPjpahfTk; mtHfsJ [hjfg; gbAk; mtH rhHe;J ,Uf;Fk; fl;rpapd; [hjfg;gbAk; Muha;e;J ghHg;Nghk;.

gh.[.fl;rp fle;j 5 Mz;L fhykhf Ml;rp nra;j nghOjpYk; th[;ghapd; [hjfg;gb mtuJ Jyh yf;dj;jpw;F khufhjpgjp jpirAk;> vl;Lf;Filatd; Gj;jp eilngw ,Ug;gjhy; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; mtUf;F MAs; fz;lk; cz;L vd;gij fpufq;fs; Fwp fhl;LfpwJ.

jw;nghOJ mtUf;F Nahf jpirAk;> Gj;jp vJTk; ,y;iy vd;w nghOjpYk; fpuf Nfhr;rhuk; rhjfk; ,d;wp ,Ug;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ. mtUf;F ntw;wpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; 3 Mk; ghtj;ij FU rpk;kj;jpy; epd;W ghHg;gJk; 10 Mk; ,lj;ij ghHit nra;ahj nghOjpYk; mtUf;F murpay; ntw;wp Ml;rp mikf;Fk; rf;jpia khufj;ij juf;$ba FUNt cjtp nra;fpd;whH

FUjpir Rf;u Gj;jp elg;gpy; ,Ug;gjhy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikf;Fk; rf;jpia nfhLj;j Ntfj;jpy; FUNt MAis Rzf;fk; nra;J MAs; fz;lj;ij Mdp khjj;jpy; cUthf;fpj; jUfpd;whH. ,tH rhHe;J ,Uf;Fk; gh.[.fl;rpf;F jw;nghOJ ghjfkhd jpir Gj;jp eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

mf;fl;rpf;F jw;nghOJ Rf;u jpir> rdp Gj;jp eilngw;W tUfpwJ. Nfhr;rhu epiyAk; rhjfkpd;wp ,Ug;gjhy; NjHjiy re;jpf;Fk; Kd;Ng gytpjkhd Nrhjidfisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiy cUthFk;. fl;rpf;Fs; FsWgbfs;> jiyik gjtpf;Fg; Nghl;bfs;> jiyik gjtp tfpf;Fk; jiytUf;Fj; JHkuzj;ij nfhLf;Fk; xw;Wik FiwAk;.

,f;fl;rpf;F th[;gha; jiyik tfpf;Fk;nghOJ fpufq;fs; rpy tifapy; rhjfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;L kPz;Lk; Ml;rpiag; gpbg;ghH.

Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j ,uz;L khjq;fspy; Ml;rp ,og;G> jiyik ,og;G> MAs; fz;lq;fs; cUthFk;. ,e;jpah kPz;Lk; xU NjHjiyr; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba epiy cUthFk;.

gh.[.fl;rp ntw;wpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; rpk;kuhrpapy; FUTk; rpwg;ghf ,Ug;gjhy; Ml;rp mikf;Fk; epiy rhjfkhf cs;sJ.

,e;jf; fl;rpia vjpHj;Jg; Nghl;b NghLk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; epiyAk; mjw;F jiyik tfpf;Fk; Nrhdpah fhe;jpapd; [hjfj;ijAk; ghHg;Nghk;.

Nrhdpah fhe;jpf;F murpay; gyk; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtUf;F Nfhl;rhu epiyAk; Voiur; rdp %d;whk; Rw;W ,Ug;gjhy; ,e;jj; NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikf;Fk; epiyAk; rhjfkpd;wp cs;sJ. jw;nghOJ mtUf;Fg; Gjd; kfhjpir Rf;u Gj;jp elg;gpy; ,Ug;gjhy; fl;rp hPjpahf kf;fs; ,lj;jpy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;W Gjpa tsHr;rp mile;J ,Ue;jhYk;> Ml;rp> gjtp vd;gJ gy jilfis cUthf;fptpLk.;

,tH rhHe;J ,Uf;Fk; fhq;fpuRf;Fr; rhjfkhd jprh-Gj;jpfs; eilngw ,Ug;gjhy; fl;rp hPjpahd ntw;wp ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> gjtp tfpf;f KbahJ. Nrhdpahfhe;jpf;F ehlhSk; fpuf mikg;Gfs; ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j NjHjypy; ntw;wp vd;gJ fl;rpapd; cWg;gpdHfs; $Ljyhff; fpilf;Fk;.

mjd; gpd;G tUfpw Mf];L khjj;jpy; murpay; #o;epiyfs; khWk;. mjd;gb ghuhSkd;wk; fiyf;fg;gl Ntz;ba epiyNah my;yJ khw;Wf; fl;rpj; jiytHfspd; MjuTld; Nrhdpah Ml;rp mikg;ghH. mjpfg;gbahd ngUk;ghd;ikNahL Ml;rp mikf;f Kbahtpl;lhYk; gpwuJ xj;Jiog;NghL Nrhdpah fhe;jp Ml;rp mikg;ghH.

,e;j Mz;by; ,uz;L NjHjy; elf;f tha;g;Gfs; ,Ue;jhYk; Nrhdpahfhe;jp %yk; NjHjy; jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;ba epiy cUthFk;. ,e;jj; NjHjYf;Fg; gpwF rpy fl;rpfspd; xw;Wikfs; FiwAk;. $l;lzpfspy; khw;wk; tUk;. ,e;jj; NjHjypy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp mjpfg;gbahd tsHr;rpiaf; fhl;Lk;. uhF jpir> uhF Gj;jpiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,f;fl;rp gy jilfSf;Fg; gpwF Ml;rpia mikf;Fk; vdf; Fwp fhl;LfpwJ.

jkpofj;jpy; fhq;fpu];-jp.K.f $l;lzpf;F ntw;wp tha;g;Gfs; mjpfg;gbahf ,Ue;jhYk; ,jid vjpHj;J Nghl;bapLk; gh.[.f. - m.jp.K.f $l;lzpAk; rhpghjpahf ntw;wpiag; ngw;W ,Uf;Fk;.

nghJthf ,e;jj; NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikf;Fk; gh.[.fl;rpf;F jpBH vd;W Nrhjidfs; te;J Ml;rp ,oe;Jtpl;Lg; gpwF Nrhdpah fhe;jp jiyikapy; Gjpa muR mikAk;. tUfpw Mf];L khjj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhd Ml;rp gPlj;ijr; Nrhdpah mikj;J nfhs;thH vd;W fpuf epiyfs; czHj;JfpwJ.'

NrhjplH #upaehuhaz%Hj;jpapd; vjpHT$wy; xd;WNk gypf;ftpy;iy. Rj;jkhf kz;izf; ft;tpAs;shH!

'ghujpa [djh ntw;wpngw;W th[;gha; jiyikapy; Ml;rp mikf;Fk;.'

'Nrhdpah fhe;jpf;F murpay; gyk; epiwe;J fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtUf;F Nfhr;rhu epiyAk; Voiur; rdp %d;whk; Rw;W ,Ug;gjhy; ,e;j NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngw;W Ml;rp mikf;Fk; epiyAk; rhjfkpd;wp cs;sJ.'

'jkpofj;jpy; fhq;fpu];- jp.K.f $l;lzpf;F ntw;wp tha;g;Gfs; mjpfg;gbahf ,Ue;jhYk; ,jid vjpHj;Jg; Nghl;bapLk; gh.[.f. m.jp.K.f $l;lzpAk; rhpghjpahf ntw;wpia ngw;W ,Uf;Fk;.'

ghtk; ,e;jr; NrhjplH. mtUf;Ff; fpufq;fspd; ghHit rupapy;iy! mtH nrhy;ypa vjpHT$wy; midj;Jk; xd;Wtplhky; ngha;j;Jtpl;ld. jkpo;ehl;by; gh.[.f. m.jp.K.f. $l;lzp rupghjp ntw;wpngWk; vd;gJ Kw;whfg; ngha;j;J tpl;lJ. NrhjplH nra;jpj;jhs;fisg; gbj;Jf; nfhQ;rk; jd;Gj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; gyd; nrhy;ypapUe;jhy; ,g;gb %f;F cilgl;bUf;f Ntz;b ,Ue;jpUf;fhJ!

'gh[. fl;rp Ml;rpiag; gpbj;j ,uz;L khjq;fspy; Ml;rp ,og;G> jiyik ,og;G MAs; fz;lq;fs; cUthFk; #o;epiy cUthfp cs;sJ' vd;w NrhjplH vjpHT $wpAs;shH. gh.[. fl;rp Ml;rpiag; gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;Dk; nghOJ Ml;rp ,og;G vd;w Ngr;Rf;F vq;Nf ,lkpUf;fpwJ?

jiyik ,og;G MAs; fz;lk; vd;Dk; NghJ th[;ghapf;F ,g;NghJ mfit 79 vd;gjhy; mtUf;Ff; fz;lk; Vw;gLtJ rhj;jpaNk. ahH fz;lhHfs; fhfk; ,Uf;fg; gdk; gok; tpOe;j fijahf my;yJ gdk; gok; tpo fhfk; ,Ue;j fijahf mtH (2004) Mf];l; khjj;Jf;F ,ilapy; ,aw;if va;jf; $Lk;! mg;gb ele;jhYk; Mf];l; khjj;jpy; ,d;ndhU NjHjy; tur; rhj;jpaNk ,y;iy!

,e;jr; NrhjplHfSf;F ntl;fk;> Jf;fk;> khdk;> kupahij mwNt fpilahJ. vj;jidKiw %f;Fil gl;lhYk; jq;fs; Gul;Lj; njhopiy tpl khl;Nld; vd;W Kuz;L gpbf;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;jr; Nrhjp;lHfspd; Nga;j;jdkhd vjpHT$wy;fis ntspapLk; jpdfud; nra;jp Vl;bd; MrpupaH xg;gPl;lstpy; ,e;jr; Nrhjpliutplg; ngupa mwptpyp MthH.

jpdfud; MrpupaH NghyNt FKjk; MrpupaUk; xU Kjy;j;ju Nfhkhsp Nghy; njupfpwJ.

'jkpofj;jpd; mLj;j Kjy;tH u[pdpjhd;' vd;W mbj;Jr; Nrhy;fpd;whH uhk eluh[; jPl;rpjH' vd;w jiyg;gpy; FKjk; xU nra;jp ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ahH ,e;j uhk eluh[; jPl;rpjH?

,e;j uhk eluh[; jPl;rpjH kapyhg;G+upy; ,Uf;fpd;whH. NrhoH fhyj;jpypUe;J jiyKiw jiyKiwahf ,tuJ FLk;gk; Ntj gz;bjHfshf ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwjhk;.

aRH Ntjj;jpy; ty;ytuhd ,tuplk; ,uhruhr Nrhod; fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l XiyR;Rtb cs;sJ. ,jw;Fg; NghfH Rtb vd;W ngauhk;.

Ie;EhW Rtbfisf; nfhz;l NghfH Rtb %yk; 10 Mapuk; NgUf;Fg; gyd;fisr; nrhy;y KbAk;. mjhtJ xU tupf;F 200 mHj;jk; fhzKbAk; vd;gJjhd; NghfH Rtbapd; rpwg;G. 'murpay;> tzpfk;> rpdpkh> fiy cyfpy; 2010 Mk; Mz;L tiu eilngWk;> eilngwTs;s epfo;r;rpfs;> rk;gtq;fs; NghfH Rtb %yk; Kd;Ng mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;' vd;W $wpagbNa fpue;j vOj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l Rtbiag; gbf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;whH.

'Mr;rhHa up\pfNs Nfhb
kd;dH $Ltha; rpj;jHjhNd'

vd;W NghFk; me;jr; Rtbg; ghlypy; ve;j tupAk; ekf;Fg; Gupatpy;iy. Mdhy;> mtH tpsf;fk; nrhy;fpd;whH.

jpUNthzk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; rpk;k yf;fpdk; kfu uhrpapy; gpwe;j rpth[puht; #l;ba ehkj;jpy; ,uz;ilf; fhNzhk; vd;gjw;F ,zq;f u[pdpfhe;j; kw;nwhU ngauhy; miof;fg;gl;L tUfpd;whH. ,tH jdJ 42 MtJ tajpy; kdpj Mj;khtpypUe;J kiyf; Fifg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kW rpj;J %yk; up\pahdtH. jdJ ngaH khw;wg;gl;L Mj;k Qhdj;ij mile;j ,e;j [Ptd; 10 Mz;Lfs; ngUk; Nahf epiyfis mile;J> gpd; 5 Mz;Lfs; ngUk; tpguPjq;fisr; re;jpj;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vd;W $wg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

#g;gH ];lhH vd;w cr;rj;ij mile;J ngaH> Gfo;> nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wJ Kjy; gj;J Mz;Lfs; jw;NghJ rkPgfhykhf mtH re;jpj;J tUk; gpur;rpidfs;> neUf;fbfs;> vjpHg;Gfs; vd;gJ gpd;dhy; tUfpw 5 Mz;Lfspd; gyd;fs;.

,e;j mrhjhuz #o;epiy vJtiu ePbf;Fk; vd;gjw;Fk; Rtbapy; tpsf;fk; $wg;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ. rhjhrpt up\p Qhd cgNjrk;> Rtb 815> 818> 831 ,y; ,jw;fhd Mjhuk; cs;sJ. ,jd;gb> tUfpw A+d; khjk; gjpdhd;fhk; jpfjp tiu u[pdp mtHfSf;Fr; rdp njirapy; rdp Gj;jp mjhtJ Mdp khjk; mkhthir tiu u[pdp mtHfSf;F kpff; nfl;l Neuk;. mjd; gpwF epiyik khWfpwJ.

2006 Mk; Mz;L xf;NjhgH 28 Mk; jpfjpf;Fg; gpwF vy;yh neUf;fbfs;> vjpHg;Gfs;> gpur;rpidfisAk; jtpL nghbahf;fp tpl;L fk;gPukhf Kd;NdWthH.

,e;jf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; ehl;bd; epiyg;ghL khw;wg;gLk;. me;epa rf;jpfspd; Mjpf;fk; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. giftHfs; gpd;jq;fp tpLthHfs;. NrhoH fhyj;jpd; Rtbg;gb kuhl;ba ehl;bd; ngaUila u[pdpfhe;j; jkpo;ehl;il MSk; fhyk; vd;gNj kpf Kf;fpakhd jPHf;fjuprdkhFk;.

Rtbapd; jPHf;fjuprdk; vq;Fk; ngha;j;Jg; NghdJ ,y;iy. mjd;gb vjpHfhyj;jpy; 2006 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpwF jkpo;ehl;bd; fpq;Nkf;fuhfNth my;yJ Kjyikr;ruhfNth u[pdp Kb#LtJ Kd;Ng jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. kj;jpapy; jw;NghJ mkug; NghFk; muR ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs; fiye;J Nghf kPz;Lk; Gjpa muR Vw;gl (mJTk; fhq;fpu];jhd;) mjpy; u[pdp mtHfspd; gq;F Kf;fpakhdjhf mikAk;' vd;W Rtbapd; jPHf;f juprdq;fisf; $Wfpd;whH uhkeluh[ jPl;rfH. u[pdp ek;Gk; NrhjplHfspy; ,e;j jPl;rpjUk; xUtH. ,e;jj; jfty;fis u[pdpf;Fk; nrhy;ypapUf;fpd;whuhk;.”

jkpo;ehl;by; vjw;Fg; gQ;rk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,g;gbahd NfhkhspfSf;Fg; gQ;rNk ,y;iy.

jkpo;ehl;by; jw;nghOJ ele;J Kbe;j ehlhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; ghl;lhsp kf;fs; fl;rp Nghl;bapl;l 6 njhFjpfspYk; u[pdpAk; mtHfsJ ,urpfHfSk; vjpHj;Jg; gug;Giu nra;jhHfs;. ,Ue;Jk; gh.k.f. Ntl;ghsHfs; gy ,yl;rk; thf;F tpj;jpahrj;jpy; ntw;wpthif #bapUf;fpd;whHfs;. mjpy; xUtH kj;jpa mikr;ruhfTk; kw;wtH ,iz mikr;ruhfTk; gjtp Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;shHfs;.

,njy;yhk; uhk eluh[; jPl;rfUf;F vg;gbj; njupahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ vd;gJ tpsq;ftpy;iy. Ntjk; gbf;fpwtH md;whl ehspjo;fisf; $lg; gbg;gjpy;iy Nghy; njupfpwJ. u[pdpfhe;j; jiy fPohf epd;whYk; mtuhy; jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjyikr;ruhf tu KbahJ vd;gij murpay; ghyghlk; njupe;j vy;NyhUk; vspjpy; nrhy;yptpLthHfs;.

uhk eluh[; jPl;rfH jhd; itj;jpUf;Fk; Rtbfs; rg;j up\pfs;> trpl;lH> tpRthkpj;jpuH> fTjkH> guj;thrH> NghfH fhyj;Jf;F Ke;jpa Rtb vd;W nrhy;yhky; Vd; ,uh[uhrd; (fpgp 985-1014) fhyj;Jr; Rtbfs; vd;W nrhy;fpd;whNuh njupatpy;iy. Rtbfs; tlnkhopapy; ,y;yhky; fpue;j vOj;jpy; Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopapy; ,Ug;gJ VJthf ,Uf;fyhk;.

Nrhjplg; Gul;L (56)

ngha;r; rhj;jpug; Nga;fs; nrhy;Yk; thHj;ijfs;!

cyfk; kpfTk; MtNyhL fhj;jpUe;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rp fle;j A+d; 8 md;W ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,e;jpah> ,yq;if> Neghsk;> ma;Nuhg;gh> Mgpupf;fh ehLfisr; rhHe;j Nfhbf; fzf;fhd kf;fs; ,e;jf; fhl;rpiaj; njspthfg; ghHj;J kfpo;e;jhHfs;.

nts;spg; ngaHr;rpia ,iza jsq;fspYk; njhiyf;fhl;rpapYk; kl;LNk vd;dhy; ghHf;f Kbe;jJ. nuhwd;Nuh mur thdpay; mit (Royal Astronomical Society) ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpiag; nghJ kf;fs; ghHg;gjw;F nrt;tha;f; fpoik mjpfhiy Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;jJ.

nrd;idapy; fpz;bapy; cs;s nghpahH Nfhsuq;fj;jpy; nts;sp efHitg; ghHf;f rpwg;G Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. Mapuf; fzf;fhd kf;fs; thpirapy; epd;W ghHj;jdH.

filrp Neuk; kl;Lk; NrhjplHfs; ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; rhiy tpgj;Jf;fs;> capH mopTfs;> mdHj;jq;fs;> my;yy;fs; ,lk;ngwg; Nghtjhfg; gaKWj;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;.

cyfj; jiytHfspy; xUtuhd Kd;dhs; mnkupf;f mjpgH wPfd; ,we;jJ nts;spapd; nray; vd nrd;id G+e;jky;ypapy; trpf;Fk; Nrhjpl rpfhkzp ,uhkr;re;jpu rpthr;rhupahH (taJ 83) $wpdhH. ,J jtpu rhiy tpgj;Jf;fs;> ngz;fspd; gpur;rpid cr;rf; fl;lk; miljy; Nghd;w rk;gtq;fs; ,t;thuk; KOJk; ePbf;Fk; vd;whH.

NkYk; nts;spapd; jhf;Fjypy;; ,Ue;J jg;g Nfhapy;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mUr;rid mgpNrfk; nra;AkhW nrhd;dhH. mjpfhiy 10. 30 njhlf;fk; nja;tq;fis topgLtJld; 10. 45 kzp Kjy; khiy 5 kzp tiu mirt czT cl;nfhs;tijAk; kJ mUe;JtijAk; jtpHf;FkhWk;> irt czitf; Fiwe;jsT cz;ZkhWk; jz;zPiuf; fha;r;rpf; Fbf;FkhWk; (ey;y Nahridfs;) Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH.

,e;j NrhjplH khjj;Jf;F xU Kiwjhd; NgRthuhk;. fpoikf;F xU Kiwjhd; czT mUe;Jthuhk;.

Nrhjplj;jpy; nts;spf; Nfhs; fhjy; kw;Wk; moFj; nja;tkhf cUtfg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rp ghypay; td;Kiwfis> ghypaNyhL njhlHGila Fw;wq;fis mjpfupf;Fk;> kzkf;fs; fw;ig xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;f khl;lhHfs;> ,e;Jkj Jwtpfs; gpukr;rhupaj;ij Nga;j;jdk; vd vz;zp mjidf; iftpl;L tpLthHfs; vdTk; NrhjplHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;.

NrhjplH gz;bl; gpughj; fgpy; jdJ ,iza jsj;jpy; "nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; cyfpy; ngupa Fog;gq;fs; cz;lhFk; gq;Fr; re;ij rupAk; kzKwpT Vw;gLk; thzpfj;jpy; Njhy;tp eilngwyhk;' vd M&lk; nrhd;dhH.

nts;spap;d; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J jq;fisf; fhg;ghw;w rpwg;ghf tbtikj;j gjf;fq;fisAk; nts;isepw khzpf;ff; fw;fisAk; mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W NrhjplHfs; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. NkYk; nts;spapd; rf;jp rhjfkhfg; gha;tjw;F gRf;fSf;F czT mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nahrid nrhyyg;gl;lJ.

,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; ed;ikNa my;yJ jpd;ik ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;Yk; NrhjplHfSk; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;.

NrhjplH Ng[d; jhUthyh ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; ngz;fsJ nry;thf;F mjpfupf;Fk; vd;fpd;whH. ,tH 'fNzrH nrhy;fpd;whH' vd;w Nrhjpl ge;jpia vOjptUgtH.

,d;ndhU NrhjplH mNrhf;FkhH ,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; jw;fhypfkhdJ vd;Wk; fhjy; njhlHghd Ntl;if rpwpjsNt $:Lk; vd;fpd;whH.

,g;gb NrhjplHfs; MSf;F Ms; vjpHT$wy; (M&lk;) nrhd;dhHfs;. thdpayhsHfs; vd;d nrhy;fpd;whHfs;?

“,e;j nts;spg; ngaHr;rpahy; ve;jnthU ghjpg;Gk; ,y;iy. #hpaid nts;spf; Nfhs; flg;gJ ,Jjhd; Kjy; jlit my;y. ,e;jg; Gtp Njhd;wp 455 Nfhb Mz;Lfs; (xU tpOf;fhL $bf; Fiwayhk;) fope;J tpl;lJ. ,e;jf; fhyg; gFjpapy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd nts;spg; ngaHr;rp ele;J Kbe;J tpl;ld” vd;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;j nts;spf; Nfhs; ngaHr;rpahy; thdpayhsHfSf;F vd;d ed;ik?

nts;spg; ngaHr;rpapd; nghOJ thdpayhsHfs; gy Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;thHfs;. midj;Jyf ehLfs; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L Nfhbf;fzf;fhd gzj;ijr; nrytopj;J mwptpayhsHfis jahH nra;J mtHfSf;F Ntz;ba cjtpfisr; nra;jd.

Gjpndl;lhk; Ehw;whz;bYk; 19 Mk; Ehw;whz;bYk; ,lk;ngw;w nts;spg; ngaHr;rpapd; nghOJ Vuhskhd mwptpayhsHfs; gq;Fgw;wpdH. mjd; %yk; mtHfs; QhapW FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;j Nfhs;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s Jhuj;ijf; fz;L gpbj;jdH. n[Hkd; thdpay; mwpQuhd nfg;yH Nfhs;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s Jhuj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;jhH. QhapWf;Fk; Gtpf;Fk; ,ilNaahd njhiytpd; mbg;gilapy; gpw Nfhs;fSf;Fk; QhapWf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s njhiyit kjpg;gPL nra;jhH. 1631 ,y; nts;sp Qhapiwf; flf;Fk; vd;W mtH fzf;fpl;l NghJk; mijg; ghHf;f mtH capUld; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ eilngw;w nts;spg; ngaHr;rpia mtH Kd;dNu fzpj;Jr; nrhd;dhH. njhiyNehf;fp fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l gpd;dH 6 Kiw kl;LNk ,e;epfo;T ele;Js;sJ. Mdhy;> nfg;yNuh my;yJ mjw;Fg; gpd;dH te;j thdpayhsHfNsh QhapW – Gtp ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd nghJNkdp njhiyit Jy;ypakhff; fzf;fpl Kbatpy;iy.

NulhH fUtp fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l gpd;dNu Nfhs;fSf;F ,ilNaahd njhiyTfs; rupahff; fzf;fplg;gl;ld. Gtpf;Fk; QhapWf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhiyT 9 NfhbNa 2 ,yl;rj;J 5 Mapuj;J 80 fy; vd nfg;yUk; gpw thdpayhsHfSk; Kjypy; Jy;ypakhff; fzpf;ftpy;iy. mtHfshy; fzf;fpl Kbahj njhiyit mtHfs; thdpay; myfhy; (Astronomial Unit) Fwpj;J te;jdH. NulhH fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l gpd;Gjhd; njhiyTfs; Jy;ypakhff; fzf;fplg;gl;ld.

1691 ,y; njhiyitf; fzf;fpl nts;sp Qhapiwf; flf;Fk; epfo;it ,U ,lq;fspypUe;J thdpayhsHfs; fzpj;j nghOJ (Kf;Nfhz tpjpg;gb) Njhw;wg;gpioahy; mtHfs; fzpg;Gfs; gpioj;Jg; Nghapd. QhapW – Gtp ,ilapyhd njhiyit xU myfhff; nfhz;lhy;> QhapW - nrt;tha; ,ilapyhd njhiyT 1..5 myF. xt;nthU Nfhspd; ,Ug;gplj;ijg; nghWj;J njhiyT khWgLk;.

1769 ,y; kPz;Lk; xU tha;g;G te;jJ. Mdhy;> njhiyNehf;fpapy; Vw;gl;l rpf;fy; fhuzkhf mtHfshy; Jy;ypakhd fzpg;igg; ngw Kbatpy;iy.

1791 ,y; ele;j nts;spf;Nfhs; Qhapiwf; flf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; gpupj;jhdpa thdpayhsHfs; Rkj;uh jPtpy; Ma;T elj;j Kaw;rp nra;jdH. Mdhy;> mjw;F vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;j gpnuQ;Rf; flw;gilapdH Ma;itj; njd; Mgpupf;fhtpy; nra;AkhW $wptpl;ldH. me;Neuj;jpy; Nkfk;> kio kw;Wk; Neha; fhuzkhf mtHfshy; Ma;Tfis elj;j Kbatpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf nts;sp efHtJ mkPgh efHtJ Nghd;W njupe;jjhy; mtHfshy; Jy;ypakhd KbTfisj; ju Kbatpy;iy. ,jdhy; njhiyTfis kjpg;gpLk; mtHfs; Kaw;rp kPz;;Lk; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ.

mjd; gpd;dH 1882 ,y; tho;e;j thdpayhsHfs; V.A. tpd; kjpg;ig XusTf;F rupahff; fzpj;jdH. gpd;G Jhuj;jpy; cs;s xU Nfhspy; NulhH miyia mDg;gp mJ jpUk;gp tUk; Neuj;ij itj;Jj; njhiyitf; fzf;fpl;lhHfs;. mt;thW fzf;fplg;gl;l nghOJ V.A.tpd; kjpg;Gk; mwpag;gl;lJ. QhapW Gtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s Jhuj;ij NkNy cs;sJ Nghd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhYk; ,ijj; Jy;ypakhdJ vd;W $wptpl KbahJ.

mjw;Ff; fhuzk; NulhH miyfs; Qhapwpy; gl;Lj; jpUk;gp tu Qhapwpd; jiug;gFjp vd;W VJk; ,y;iy. mq;F mZg;gpsTfs; ele;J caHntg;g thAf;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; rupahd njhiyit thdtpahysHfshy; fzf;fpl Kbatpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ Gtpf;Fk; nts;spf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NjhiyT Jy;ypakhf thdpayhsHfSf;Fj; njupAk;. ,jpy; EhW

fpufk;	kpj;JU(el;G)	rj;JU(gif)	eLepiy	tHzk; (rhjp)	ghy;
#upad;	re;jpud;>mq;ffhufd;> FU	Rf;fpud;>rdp>,uhF	Gjd;	rj;jpupad;	Mz;
,uhF	Rf;fpud;	#upad;	?	?	Mz;
FU	;#upad;>re;jpud;> mq;ffhufd;	Gjd;> FU	rdp	gpuhkzd;	myp
Gjd;	;#upad;> Rf;fpud;	re;jpud;	mq;ffhufd;>FU> rdp	itrpfd;	Mz;
mq;fhufd;	#upad;>re;jpud;>FU	Gjd;	Gjd;> rdp	rj;jpupad;	?
NfJ	#upad;> FU	re;jpud;	?	?	?
rdp	Gjd;> Rf;fpud;	#upad;>re;jpud;> mq;ffhufd;	FU	#j;jpud;	myp
re;jpud;	#upad;>Gjd;>FU	rdp> ,uhF>NfJ	mq;ffhufd;>FU> rdp>Rf;fpud;	itrpfd;	ngz;
Rf;fpud;	Gjd;>rdp>,uhF	#upa;d;>re;jpud;	mq;ffhufd;>FU	gpuhkzd;	ngz;